scholarly journals Aplikasi SIG Untuk Pemetaan Tingkat Ancaman Longsor Di Kecamatan Sibolangit, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riki Rahmad ◽  
Suib Suib ◽  
Ali Nurman
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Classification Score ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Geological Formation ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Landslide Disaster

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan pemanfaatan SIG dalam pemetaan tingkat kerawanan terjadinya bencana longsor di Kecamatan Sibolangit, Kabupaten Deli Serdang, Sumatera Utara. Model yang digunakan mengacu pada pendugaan Puslittanak 2004, parameter-parameter yang digunakan untuk menentukan tingkat kerawanan adalah penutupan lahan (landcover), jenis tanah, kemiringan lahan, curah hujan dan formasi geologi (batuan induk). Pada proses pemetaan setiap parameter memiliki klasifikasi skor yang dikalikan dengan bobot masing-masing parameter, kemudian hasil perkalian skor dan bobot tersebut dijumlahkan berdasarkan kesesuaian lokasi geografisnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daerah Kecamatan Sibolangit memiliki potensi terjadinya tanah longsor dari tingkat rendah sampai dengan tinggi. Berdasarkan model pendugaan bencana tanah longsor tersebut didaerah penelitian dominan memiliki tingkat ancaman longsor dengan kelas kerawanan sedang meliputi 14 desa. Selain itu tingkat kerawanan longsor kelas kerawanan rendah meliputi 10 desa, tingkat kerawanan tinggi 3 desa dan tingkat kerawanan sangat tinggi 1 desa. The purpose of this research is to describe the utilization of GIS in mapping of vulnerability of landslide disaster in Sibolangit Subdistrict, Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera. The model used refers to the estimation of Puslittanak 2004, the parameters used to determine the level of vulnerability are the land cover, soil type, land slope, rainfall and geological formation (rocks). In the process of mapping each parameter has a classification score multiplied by the weight of each parameter, then the results of the multiplication of the score and weight are summed based on the suitability of geographical location. The results showed that the District of Sibolangit has the potential for landslides from low to high levels. Based on the prediction model of landslide disaster in the dominant research area has a landslide threat level with vulnerability class covering 14 villages. In addition, the low vulnerability of low vulnerability landslide includes 10 villages, high level of vulnerability of 3 villages and very high level of vulnerability 1 villages.  

scholarly journals Orthohantaviruses, Emerging Zoonotic Pathogens

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 775
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kabwe ◽  
Yuriy Davidyuk ◽  
Anton Shamsutdinov ◽  
Ekaterina Garanina ◽  
Ekaterina Martynova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Emerging Infections ◽  
Natural Hosts ◽  
And Migration ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Orthohantaviruses give rise to the emerging infections such as of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in Eurasia and the Americas, respectively. In this review we will provide a comprehensive analysis of orthohantaviruses distribution and circulation in Eurasia and address the genetic diversity and evolution of Puumala orthohantavirus (PUUV), which causes HFRS in this region. Current data indicate that the geographical location and migration of the natural hosts can lead to the orthohantaviruses genetic diversity as the rodents adapt to the new environmental conditions. The data shows that a high level of diversity characterizes the genome of orthohantaviruses, and the PUUV genome is the most divergent. The reasons for the high genome diversity are mainly caused by point mutations and reassortment, which occur in the genome segments. However, it still remains unclear whether this diversity is linked to the disease’s severity. We anticipate that the information provided in this review will be useful for optimizing and developing preventive strategies of HFRS, an emerging zoonosis with potentially very high mortality rates.

scholarly journals Modeling the Impact of High Temperature on Mortality in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 332
Author(s):  
Mushtaq Ahmad Khan Barakzai ◽  
S.M. Aqil Burney
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

The objective of this paper is to model and study the impact of high temperature on mortality in Pakistan. For this purpose, we have used mortality and climate data consisting of maximum temperature, variation in monthly temperature, average rainfall, humidity, dewpoint, as well as average air pressure in the country over the period from 2000 to 2019. We have used the Generalized Linear Model with Quasi-Poisson link function to model the number of deaths in the country and to assess the impact of maximum temperature on mortality. We have found that the maximum temperature in the country has a significant impact on mortality. The number of deaths in Pakistan increases as the maximum temperature increases. We found that, as the maximum temperature increase beyond 30 °C, mortality increases significantly. Our results indicate that mortality increases by 27% when the maximum temperature in the country increases from medium category to a very high level. Similarly, the number of deaths in the country increases by 11% when the temperature increases from medium temperature to high level. Furthermore, our study found that when the maximum temperature in the country decreases from a medium level to a low level, the number of deaths in the country decreases by 23%. This study does not consider the impact of other factors on mortality, such as age, medical conditions, gender, geographical location, as well as variability of temperature across the country.

scholarly journals GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (GIS) APPLICATION TO ANALYZE LANDSLIDE PRONE DISASTER ZONE IN JEMBER REGENCY EAST JAVA

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Fahmi Arif Kurnianto ◽  
Bejo Apriyanto ◽  
Elan Artono Nurdin ◽  
Fahrudi Ahwan Ikhsan ◽  
Rosmadi Bin Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Gis Application ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High ◽  
Landslide Disaster

Jember regency has several areas that are morphology of folding hills and mountain folds. The part of landslide prone zone is closely related to the slope of the slope. Areas with a sloping slope of more than 15º need attention to the possibility of a landslide disaster. Interconnection contacts with weathering of rocks, settlements and land cover also affect the landslide potential. The existence of Ijen Volcano that produces volcanic rock deposits that are generally not yet unified will increase the potential for landslides in Jember Regency. Landslide has occurred one of them on Gunung Gumitir Street which is the main route of Surabaya-Jember-Banyuwangi traffic. In May 2016 this street is hit by landslide, so the flow of traffic through this lane is paralyzed and must be diverted to a further path, which rotates to Situbondo City. The transfer of this pathway resulted in a loss to the local community and who crossed the path.The occurrence of landslide disaster shows that Jember Regency area is vulnerable and potentially return to landslide. Therefore there is a need for a solution to solve this problem. One solution to solve the problem is by utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS) application. The purpose of this research is to analyze zonation prone to landslide in jember district. The design of the research is Geographic Information System overlay analysis. This design combines several parameters in the determination of landslide-prone zones. This design combines several parameters in the determination of landslide-prone zones. The parameter used in this research is (1) land use, (2) topography, and (3) soil.Based on the research results, it can be known zone with highest to lowest vulnerability level. Zone with very high level of vulnerability is located in Panti sub-district, Sumberbaru, Sukorambi, Dyke, Silo and Jelbuk. The zones have similar characteristics that include (1) soil type of andosol, (2) clay texture, (3) uncompacted rock, (4) slope of 30⁰-40⁰ (steep and very steep), and (5) land use for settlements and plantations. Keyword: landslide disaster, jember regency, Geographic Information System

scholarly journals PEMETAAN DAERAH RAWAN KEBAKARAN HUTAN DAN LAHAN DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (STUDI KASUS: KECAMATAN BUKIT BATU, KAB. BENGKALIS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajriansyah Putra ◽  
Ambar Tri Ratnaningsih ◽  
Muhammad Ikhwan
Keyword(s):  
Land Cover ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Forest Fire Management ◽  
High Level ◽  
Determining Factor ◽  
Very High

This study aims to map the level of vulnerability of forest and land fires in an effort to support the realization of forest fire management strategy in Bengkalis Regency by considering land cover aspects, soil type, rainfall, height of place and settlement distance. This research was conducted in Bukit Batu sub-district, Kab. Bengkalis. This research uses survey method in collecting secondary data and primary data. The data analysis was done with each observation parameter. The results of this study indicate that the level of fire vulnerability in Bukit Batu Subdistrict is divided into two classes, namely very high and high vulnerability. Most of Bukit Batu sub-district has a very high level of vulnerability. High vulnerability area has 27,533,611 Ha (22,49%) and very high 94,915,83 (77,51%). Where the determining factor that plays a major role in influencing the high level of vulnerability in a location that is land cover, rainfall, and soil type.

التغير المناخي واثره في المقنن المائي لمحصول العنب في محافظة ديالى

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (34) ◽  
pp. 391-422
Author(s):  
اشواق حسن حميد صالح
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Solar Brightness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Climate Station ◽  
The Times ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

Climate change and its impact on water resources is the problem of the times. Therefore, this study is concerned with the subject of climate change and its impact on the water ration of the grape harvest in Diyala Governorate. The study was based on the data of the Khanaqin climate station for the period 1973-2017, (1986-2017) due to lack of data at governorate level. The general trend of the elements of the climate and its effect on the water formula was extracted. The equation of change was extracted for the duration of the study. The statistical analysis was also used between the elements of the climate (actual brightness, normal temperature, micro and maximum degrees Celsius, wind speed m / s, relative humidity% The results of the statistical analysis confirm that the water ration for the study area is based mainly on the X7 evaporation / netting variable, which is affected by a set of independent variables X1 Solar Brightness X4 X5 Extreme Temperature Wind Speed ​​3X Minimal Temperature and Very High Level .

Relations between carbon removal rates, biofilm size and density of a novel anaerobic reactor: the inverse turbulent bed

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 253-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Buffière ◽  
R. Moletta
Keyword(s):  
Removal Rate ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Carbon Removal ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Biomass Activity ◽  
High Turbulence ◽  
The One ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

An anaerobic inverse turbulent bed, in which the biogas only ensures fluidisation of floating carrier particles, was investigated for carbon removal kinetics and for biofilm growth and detachment. The range of operation of the reactor was kept within 5 and 30 kgCOD· m−3· d−1, with Hydraulic Retention Times between 0.28 and 1 day. The carbon removal efficiency remained between 70 and 85%. Biofilm size were rather low (between 5 and 30 μm) while biofilm density reached very high values (over 80 kgVS· m−3). The biofilm size and density varied with increasing carbon removal rates with opposite trends; as biofilm size increases, its density decreases. On the one hand, biomass activity within the reactor was kept at a high level, (between 0.23 and 0.75 kgTOC· kgVS· d−1, i.e. between 0.6 and 1.85 kgCOD·kgVS · d−1).This result indicates that high turbulence and shear may favour growth of thin, dense and active biofilms. It is thus an interesting tool for biomass control. On the other hand, volatile solid detachment increases quasi linearly with carbon removal rate and the total amount of solid in the reactor levels off at high OLR. This means that detachment could be a limit of the process at higher organic loading rates.

NMDAR PAMs: Multiple Chemotypes for Multiple Binding Sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (24) ◽  
pp. 2239-2253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Allosteric Modulators ◽  
Nonselective Cation Channels ◽  
Multiple Binding Sites ◽  
Multiple Binding ◽  
Excitatory Neurotransmission ◽  
Psychiatric Conditions ◽  
High Level

The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is a member of the ionotropic glutamate receptor (iGluR) family that plays a crucial role in brain signalling and development. NMDARs are nonselective cation channels that are involved with the propagation of excitatory neurotransmission signals with important effects on synaptic plasticity. NMDARs are functionally and structurally complex receptors, they exist as a family of subtypes each with its own unique pharmacological properties. Their implication in a variety of neurological and psychiatric conditions means they have been a focus of research for many decades. Disruption of NMDAR-related signalling is known to adversely affect higherorder cognitive functions (e.g. learning and memory) and the search for molecules that can recover (or even enhance) receptor output is a current strategy for CNS drug discovery. A number of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) that specifically attempt to overcome NMDAR hypofunction have been discovered. They include various chemotypes that have been found to bind to several different binding sites within the receptor. The heterogeneity of chemotype, binding site and NMDAR subtype provide a broad landscape of ongoing opportunities to uncover new features of NMDAR pharmacology. Research on NMDARs continues to provide novel mechanistic insights into receptor activation and this review will provide a high-level overview of the research area and discuss the various chemical classes of PAMs discovered so far.

A Tight Connection Among Wealth, Income, Sustainability, and Accounting in an Ultra-Simplified Setting

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin L. Weitzman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Relationship ◽  
Level Of Abstraction ◽  
Tight Connection ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
High Level ◽  
Very High

In theory, and under some very strong assumptions, there exists a tight quantitative relationship among the following four fundamental economic concepts: (1) ‘wealth’; (2) ‘income’; (3) ‘sustainability’; (4) ‘accounting’. These four basic concepts are placed in quotation marks here because a necessary first step will be to carefully and rigorously define what exactly is meant by each. This chapter reviews what is known about this important fourfold quantitative relationship in an ultra-simplified setting. It identifies some basic applications of this simplified economic theory of wealth and income (and sustainability and accounting). While the contents of this chapter are expressed at a very high level of abstraction and require many restrictive assumptions, the fundamental fourfold relationship it sharply highlights should be useful for conceptualizing, at least in principle, what is ‘wealth’ and what is its theoretical relationship to ‘income’, ‘sustainability’, and ‘accounting’.

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