scholarly journals ACUTE TOXICITY EVALUATION OF PROTODIOSCIN RICH EXTRACT OF TRIGONELLA FOENUM-GRAECUM L IN RATS

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Vijaykumar Kunvarji Parmar ◽  
Ketan Variya ◽  
Sandip Patel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum L

ABSTRACTObjectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the acute toxicity of standardized protodioscin rich extract (PRE) of Trigonella foenumgraecumL (26.63% w/w; PRE).Methods: To evaluate the toxicity of PRE, the acute toxicity of the extract on adult rats were investigated. A fixed large dose of 2 g/kg body weight ofPRE was administrated by a single oral gavage, and 1 g/kg body weight of PRE was administered by intravenous according to the Organisation forEconomic Co-operation and Development guidelines.Results: In 2 weeks, PRE showed no obvious acute toxicity. There were no deaths in either group and no change in the clinical signs. The hematologicaland biochemical analyses showed some changes that returned to reference levels without impairment of homeostasis. The treatment did not induceuntoward changes in organs as shown by histological studies. The in vivo results showed that has low toxicity.Conclusion: PRE is safe and can be potentially used as an aphrodisiac in future studies.Keywords: Protodioscin, Aphrodisiac, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Toxicity,Histopathological studies.

scholarly journals TOCOSH FLOUR (Solanum tuberosum L.): A Toxicological Assessment of Traditional Peruvian Fermented Potatoes

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 719
Author(s):  
Jonas Roberto Velasco-Chong ◽  
Oscar Herrera-Calderón ◽  
Juan Pedro Rojas-Armas ◽  
Renán Dilton Hañari-Quispe ◽  
Linder Figueroa-Salvador ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Assessment ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Potato tocosh is a naturally processed potato for nutritional and curative purposes from traditional Peruvian medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute and sub-acute toxicity of tocosh flour (TF). For sub-acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to rats daily once a day for 28 days at doses of 1000 mg/kg body weight (BW). Animals were observed for general behaviors, mortality, body weight variations, and histological analysis. At the end of treatment, relative organ weights, histopathology, hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed. For acute toxicity, TF was administered orally to mice at doses of 2000 and 5000 mg/kg BW at a single dose in both sexes. Body weight, mortality, and clinical signs were observed for 14 days after treatment. The results of acute toxicity showed that the median lethal dose (LD50) value of TF is higher than 2000 g/kg BW but less than 5000 mg/Kg BW in mice. Death and toxicological symptoms were not found during the treatment. For sub-acute toxicity, we found that no-observed-adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) of TF in rats up to 1000 g/kg BW. There were statistically significant differences in body weight, and relative organ weight in the stomach and brain. No differences in hematological and biochemical parameters were observed when compared with the control group. For sub-acute toxicity, histopathological studies revealed minor abnormalities in liver and kidney tissues at doses of 5000 mg/Kg. Based on these results, TF is a traditional Peruvian medicine with high safety at up to 1000 mg/kg BW for 28 days in rats.

scholarly journals Safety Evaluation of Unani Formulation: Capsule Shaqeeqa in Albino Wistar Rats

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Ghazanfar ◽  
Showkat Ahmad Dar ◽  
Seema Akbar ◽  
Tazeen Nazir ◽  
Mariya Hamdani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Histopathological Change ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Capsule Shaqeeqa, Unani formulation, is prescribed for the clinical treatment of diseases like sinusitis, headache, and migraine. The safety evaluation data of it is not available; in order to provide the safety data the present study was carried out. The study was carried out on four groups of rats (n=5). Two groups (one male and one female group) as normal controls were orally given water while the other two groups were orally given daily doses of drug at the dose level of 150 mg/kg of body weight for duration of 90 days. Physiological parameters like body weight, feed consumption, water consumption, and clinical signs were regularly monitored and recorded. Organs were collected, examined, and weighed and specimens were taken for histopathological studies. The results showed that the drug did not alter the physiological parameters. There was no mortality or any morbidity found in drug treated rats. There was no statistical significant change found in any haematological or biochemical parameter of rats orally fed with Shaqeeqa. A statistically insignificant association verified that haematological and biochemical parameters were rendered unaffected by the drug. Moreover histological investigations of essential key organs demonstrated that the drug did not prompt any histopathological change. These observations demonstrate the safety of Capsule Shaqeeqa at the studied dosage levels.

Inhibition of Leydig cell activity in vivo and in vitro in hypothyroid rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 144 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
F F Antony ◽  
M M Aruldhas ◽  
R C R Udhayakumar ◽  
R R M Maran ◽  
P Govindarajulu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases ◽  
Serum Lh ◽  
Prepubertal Age

Abstract Leydig cell steroidogenic activity under basal and stimulated conditions was studied in hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism was induced at a prepubertal age (30 days postpartum) by surgical thyroidectomy, and l-thyroxine (T4) supplementation (6 μg/100 g body weight/day for 30 days) to hypothyroid rats was begun after 30 days. Hypothyroidism for 60 days reduced serum LH and FSH without affecting prolactin. Serum and intratesticular testosterone and the specific activity of Leydig cell 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases diminished in hypothyroid rats. The stimulatory effect of LH on Leydig cell steroidogenic activity and cAMP was also adversely affected in hypothyroid rats. All these changes were reversed by T4 supplementation. The present results suggest that prepubertal hypothyroidism suppresses both basal and stimulated Leydig cell activity in adult rats. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 144, 293–300

scholarly journals Acute toxicity assessment for TiO2 photocatalyst (GST) made from wastewater using TiCl4 in rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. e2021019
Author(s):  
Ja Kyung Seol ◽  
Myeongkyu Park ◽  
Jae Min Im ◽  
Heung Sik Seo ◽  
Hee Ju Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Toxicity Assessment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Weight Changes

TiO2 was a photocatalyst that used to the most common product because of the high efficiency. TiO2 (P-25, commercial nanomaterial product) is the most typical photocatalyst product and TiO2 (GST) was a sludge recycling product. This study was reported to evaluate an acute toxicity of TiO2 (P-25 and GST) according to OECD test guideline 402 and 423 in Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats via route of oral and dermal. There was investigated the lethal dose (LD50), and mortality, clinical signs, body weight changes and gross findings were continually monitored for 14 days following the single administration. After administration, TiO2 (P-25) was calculated that LD50 was considered to be a dose of over 2000 mg/kg body weight for both different route of exposure, and TiO2 (GST) was the same. Other items were no observed an adverse effect between P-25 and GST; no mortality and clinical signs, accidental body weight loss, no gross findings. On the basis of the above results, the toxicity of the GST was almost equal to that of the commercial product, P-25 and there was no toxicological evidence.

scholarly journals UJI TOKSISITAS AKUT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN MALAKA (Phyllantus emblica) TERHADAP MENCIT (Mus musculus). (Acute Toxicity Test of Ethanolic Extract of Malaka (Phyllantus emblica) Leaves on Mice (Mus musculus))

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-194
Author(s):  
T. Armansyah TR ◽  
Sudi Indriany ◽  
Amalia Sutriana ◽  
Rosmaidar Rosmaidar ◽  
Nuzul Asmilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Toxicity Symptom ◽  
Observation Period

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to asses the acute toxicity of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves using lethal dose 50 (LD50) on mice (Mus musculus). Twenty male mice weighing between 20-30 g were randomly divided into 4 groups (group K1-K4) of 5 mice each. All mice in group K1, K2, K3, and K4 were administered ethanolic extract of malaka leaves with the dose of 2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg bw, respectively. Single dose of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves were given by oral gavage prior to clinical observation . The observation period was 14 days post administration, for sign of toxicity symptom, weight loss, and mortality. The result showed that no mortality was observed in the experimental animals during this study. Slight reduction of body weight was observed in group K2, K3, and K4, and no toxicity sign was found during fourteen days of observation. The LD50 of ethanolic extract of malaka leaves was higher than 16 g/kg body weight, thus, the substance was practically non toxic substance.

scholarly journals Lyophilized B. subtilis ZB183 Spores: 90-Day Repeat Dose Oral (Gavage) Toxicity Study In Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Appala Naidu. B ◽  
Kamala Kannan ◽  
D. P. Santhosh Kumar ◽  
John W.K. Oliver ◽  
Zachary D. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Repeat Dose ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Dose Oral

AbstractA 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicological evaluation was conducted according to GLP and OECD guidelines on lyophilized spores of the novel genetically modified strain B. subtilis ZB183. Lyophilized spores at doses of 109, 1010, and 1011 CFU/kg body weight/day were administered by oral gavage to Wistar rats for a period of 90 consecutive days. B.Subtilis ZB183 had no effects on clinical signs, mortality, ophthalmological examinations, functional observational battery, body weights, body weight gains and food consumption in both sexes. There were no test item-related changes observed in haematology, coagulation, urinalysis, thyroid hormonal analysis, terminal fasting body weights, organ weights, gross pathology and histopathology. A minimal increase in the plasma albumin level was observed at 1010 and 1011 CFU/kg/day doses without an increase in total protein in males or females and was considered a non-adverse effect. The “No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)” is defined at the highest dose of 1011 CFU/kg body weight/day for lyophilized B.Subtilis ZB183 Spores under the test conditions employed.

scholarly journals Acute and subacute toxicity profiles on siddha drug Thulasi Ennai in wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 403-409
Author(s):  
S Sonitha ◽  
◽  
D Sivaraman ◽  
V Rani ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Common Chronic Disease ◽  
Subacute Toxicity

Medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicines for their unmatched availability of bioactive compounds. Asthma is the most common chronic disease among children worldwide. It is ranked 16th among the leading causes of years lived with disability. Medicinal plants have placed a vital role in the siddha system of medicine over centuries to cure acute and chronic illness. The aim of the present study was to investigate toxicity analysis to evaluate safety of the siddha drug Thulasi Ennai in vivo in wistar albino rats. Thulasi Ennai is a polyherbal siddha formulation mentioned in the ancient siddha books and literature, indicated to cure childhood bronchial asthma. In this study, Thulasi Ennai administered orally at a single dose of 2000mg/kg body weight and monitored for 14 days. For subacute toxicity study, Thulasi Ennai was orally administered in different doses of 200,400mg/kg body weight, daily for 28 days. At the end of each study physical parameters, hematological, biochemical and histopathological analysis were evaluated. No animals in each group of acute or subacute toxicity study showed mortality or clinical signs of toxicity throughout the study. Hence, the results of the study indicate a safe toxicological profile of Thulasi Ennai.

scholarly journals LyophilizedB. subtilisZB183 Spores: 90-Day Repeat Dose Oral (Gavage) Toxicity Study in Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
B. Appala Naidu ◽  
Kamala Kannan ◽  
D. P. Santhosh Kumar ◽  
John W. K. Oliver ◽  
Zachary D. Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Repeat Dose ◽  
Oral Gavage ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Dose Oral

A 90-day repeated-dose oral toxicological evaluation was conducted according to GLP and OECD guidelines on lyophilized spores of the novel genetically modified strainB. subtilisZB183. Lyophilized spores at doses of 109, 1010, and 1011 CFU/kg body weight/day were administered by oral gavage to Wistar rats for a period of 90 consecutive days.B. subtilisZB183 had no effects on clinical signs, mortality, ophthalmological examinations, functional observational battery, body weights, body weight gains and food consumption in both sexes. There were no test item-related changes observed in haematology, coagulation, urinalysis, thyroid hormonal analysis, terminal fasting body weights, organ weights, gross pathology and histopathology. A minimal increase in the plasma albumin level was observed at 1010and 1011 CFU/kg/day doses without an increase in total protein in males or females and was considered a nonadverse effect. The “No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL)” is defined at the highest dose of 1011 CFU/kg body weight/day for lyophilizedB. subtilisZB183 Spores under the test conditions employed.

scholarly journals Participation of both Host and Virus Factors in Induction of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in F344 Rats Infected with SARS Coronavirus

2006 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 1848-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriyo Nagata ◽  
Naoko Iwata ◽  
Hideki Hasegawa ◽  
Shuetsu Fukushi ◽  
Masaru Yokoyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Single Amino Acid ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽  
Young Rats ◽  
Virus Adaptation ◽  
F344 Rats

ABSTRACT To understand the pathogenesis and develop an animal model of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the Frankfurt 1 SARS-CoV isolate was passaged serially in young F344 rats. Young rats were susceptible to SARS-CoV but cleared the virus rapidly within 3 to 5 days of intranasal inoculation. After 10 serial passages, replication and virulence of SARS-CoV were increased in the respiratory tract of young rats without clinical signs. By contrast, adult rats infected with the passaged virus showed respiratory symptoms and severe pathological lesions in the lung. Levels of inflammatory cytokines in sera and lung tissues were significantly higher in adult F344 rats than in young rats. During in vivo passage of SARS-CoV, a single amino acid substitution was introduced within the binding domain of the viral spike protein recognizing angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which is known as a SARS-CoV receptor. The rat-passaged virus more efficiently infected CHO cells expressing rat ACE2 than did the original isolate. These results strongly indicate that host and virus factors such as advanced age and virus adaptation are critical for the development of SARS in rats.

Growth hormone (GH) autofeedback action in the neonatal rat: involvement of GH-releasing hormone and somatostatin

1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Cella ◽  
V. De Gennaro Colonna ◽  
V. Locatelli ◽  
V. Moiraghi ◽  
S. Loche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Neonatal Rat ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Term Administration

ABSTRACT It is known that in adult rats, GH by itself and by promoting secretion of the somatomedins acts at the level of the hypothalamus to trigger release of somatostatin and decrease output of GH-releasing hormone (GHRH), thereby inhibiting further secretion of GH. To assess whether these mechanisms are already operative in the early postnatal period, we have evaluated the effect of short-term administration of GH in 10-day-old rats. Twice-daily s.c. administration of 25 μg human GH/rat, from days 5 to 9 of life, significantly reduced pituitary content of GH, decreased hypothalamic levels of GHRH mRNA and abolished the in-vivo GH response to a challenge dose of GHRH (20 ng/100 g body weight, s.c.). GHRH (20 ng/100 g body weight, twice daily, s.c.) given concomitantly with the GH treatment, completely counteracted the inhibitory effect of the latter on pituitary content of GH and restored to normal the in-vivo GH response to the GHRH challenge. These data indicate that impaired secretion of GHRH is involved in the inhibitory effect elicited by GH treatment in infant rats. However, concomitant involvement of hypothalamic somatostatin as a result of GH treatment cannot be ruled out. In fact, pituitaries from rats pretreated with GH responded in the same manner as pituitaries from control rats to the GHRH challenge in vitro. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 124, 199–205

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