PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES IN LIVER TISSUES OF HYPERCALORIE DIET-INDUCED OBESE RATS

ABSTRACTObjectives: Hypercalorie diet intake has been associated with many long-term complications including metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases,and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.Methods: A total of 12 Wistar rats either sex were used in this study. These animals were randomly divided into two groups as control and obese rats.Group 1 consists of six rats weighing 150-200 g and fed with normal pellet chow. Another six rats were fed hypercalorie/cafeteria diet to induce obesity andincluded in the study after 19 weeks of age. All animals were sacrificed; liver tissues were collected, weighed and sent for the histopathological examination.Results: Weight of liver tissues of was significantly more in obese rats than the control rats. Histopathological examination shows an excessive fatdeposition and sinusoidal congestion in the liver tissues of obese rats.Conclusion: Increase in body weight is associated with the increase in fat deposition in the liver tissues which further develops into inflammationand necrosis of liver cells.Keywords: Wistar rats, Hypercalorie/cafeteria diet, Obese rats, Histopathological examination.

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Effects of Long-Term Administration of Lithium and Hydrochlorothiazide in Rats

Metal-Based Drugs ◽

10.1155/mbd.1999.87 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 87-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Felicia Loghin ◽

Adriana Olinic ◽

Daniela-Saveta Popa ◽

Carmen Socaciu ◽

Sorin E. Leucuta

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Concomitant Administration ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Association Group ◽

Term Administration ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Kidney Liver ◽

Lithium Lactate

The biochemical and histological changes following 60 days administration of daily doses equivalent to 1/20 LD50 of lithium lactate and hydrochlorothiazide, as such and in association, were studied in male Wistar rats. No mortality or overt signs of toxicity were observed during the experiment and the serum activities of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and cholinesterase were not significantly modified compared to controls. The histopathological examination of all the investigated organs: kidney, liver, brain and spleen, revealed significant lesions which were time-dependant and more pronounced in the association group. Although the changes were mostly inflammatory and conqestive, it was proved that the concomitant administration of lithium and hydrochlorothiazid is potentially dangerous, increasing lithium’s nephrotoxicity and the thiazide diuretic's hepatotoxicity.

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Onset of Ulcerative Colitis in a Patient with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD): Dramatic Effect of Plant-based Diet for NAFLD

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ◽

10.1093/ibd/izz208 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. e146-e147 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mitsuro Chiba ◽

Kunio Nakane ◽

Hitoshi Abe ◽

Masafumi Komatsu ◽

Haruhiko Tozawa

Keyword(s):

Ulcerative Colitis ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Normal Ranges

Abstract Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) develops in ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease. However, there is scarce reporting on the onset of UC in patients with NAFLD. A 44-year-old man was diagnosed with UC and referred to us in 2019. His height was 166.0 cm, and body weight was 86.3 kg. The waist circumference was 93.7 cm (normal range <85) and triglyceride was 751 mg/dL. These findings, in addition to hypertension, resulted in a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome. HbA1c was normal. Ultrasonography disclosed severe fatty liver. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed. He underwent 12 days of educational hospitalization for UC. A lacto-ovo-semi-vegetarian diet (1400 kcal/day), a kind of plant-based diet (PBD), was provided. He lost 4 kg, which was 4.6% of his base body weight. Triglyceride and total cholesterol decreased to the normal ranges. Transaminases and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase also decreased. His body weight decreased further after discharge. Follow-up ultrasonography indicated an improvement in hepatic enlargement. The shear wave velocity decreased from 1.11 to 0.88 m/s. His soft stool became normal stool by 2 months after discharge. Records of his health checkups revealed the presence of metabolic syndrome and abnormal liver function tests already in 2015. Thus, it was concluded that UC developed in a patient with NAFLD in this case. Plant-based diet has already been shown to be effective in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the present case, NAFLD parameters were dramatically improved by PBD. Whether the improvement was due to weight loss per se or due to weight loss with PBD is to be clarified.

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Transplacental Toxicity and Carcinogenesis Studies in Rats with Hexamethylenetetramine

Tumori Journal ◽

10.1177/030089167005600602 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 56 (6) ◽

pp. 325-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Giuseppe Della Porta ◽

José R. Cabral ◽

Giorgio Parmiani

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Body Weight ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

The Body ◽

Carcinogenic Activity ◽

Long Term Experiments ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Successive Generations ◽

And Control

In a previous paper (Fd Cosmet. Toxicol., 6: 707–715, 1968) it was reported that hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) had no carcinogenic activity in long-term experiments in mice and rats. In the present study, 12 ♀ and 6 ♂ Wistar rats were given 1% HMT in the drinking water starting 2 weeks before mating. The females were kept under treatment during pregnancy and lactation. A similar untreated group of 12 ♀ and 6 ♂ served as control. Twelve treated females and eleven controls became pregnant and gave birth to 124 and 118 babies respectively; no malformations were noted. From these animals, 24 for each sex were continued on the 1% HMT up to the 20th week of age or were kept untreated. The body weight of treated animals was significantly lower than that of controls one, only up to the 9th week of age for the males and up to the 13th week for the females. At the end of the treatment both groups were sacrificed; the weight of organs was identical in the treated and control animals; there were no gross or histological pathology. In a second experiment, rats were given 1% HMT in the drinking water for 3 successive generations, up to the age of 40 weeks in the F1 and F2 groups and of 20 weeks for F3. The three groups were composed of 13 ♂ and 7 ♀, 15 ♂ and 11 ♀, 12 ♂ and 12 ♂, respectively. In addition, a group of 16 ♂ and 16 ♀ descendants of 2% HMT treated parents, were given 2% HMT for 50 weeks. A group of 48 ♂ and 48 ♀ served as untreated controls. All groups were kept under observation for over 2 years of age. No evidence of carcinogenicity was found in any of the HMT-treated groups.

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MULTIPARTICULATE FLOATING DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM OF ANAGLIPTIN: DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION FOR ITS EFFICACY IN MANAGEMENT OF METABOLIC SYNDROME

International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics ◽

10.22159/ijap.2019v11i4.33249 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 171-181

Author(s):

RAKESH V. MISHRA ◽

SHASHIKANT N. DHOLE

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Drug Release ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Lag Time ◽

Cafeteria Diet ◽

High Density Lipoproteins ◽

Eudragit Rs ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Eudragit Rl

Objective: The present research aims to design and optimize gastroretentive floating pellets of anagliptin (a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor), so as to reduce P-Glycoprotein (PGP)–mediated efflux in the intestine hence to improve oral bioavailability. Methods: The drug-containing core pellets were prepared by extrusion and spheronization process followed by subsequent coating with three successive layers i.e. Eudragit RS 100, sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3): hydroxypropyl methylcellulose E5LV (HPMC E5LV) and Eudragit RL 100 using fluidized bed processor. A 3 level 3 factor box-behnken design was adopted to investigate the effect of Eudragit RS 100, NaHCO3: HPMC E5LVand Eudragit RL 100 on floating lag time and drug release at 10 h. Desirability function under numerical optimization technique was used to identify the optimum formulation. Results: The study reveals the significant effect of the amount of NaHCO3 and coating level of polymers on floating lag time and drug release. The optimum system could float within 4 min and exhibited more than 85% drug release in 10 h. The pharmacokinetic study conducted in male Wistar rats indicated 2.51 fold increase in relative bioavailability of optimized formulation compare to anagliptin drug. Formulated anagliptin pellets were evaluated in cafeteria diet-induced metabolic syndrome model in male Wistar rats. Anagliptin floating pellets treatment compared to cafeteria diet group significantly inhibited increase in body weight (238.79±2.52 g vs. 277.98±3.69 g, P<0.001), calorie intake (2283.99 kcal vs. 3086.05 kcal, P<0.05) and serum levels of total cholesterol (95.19±0.61 mg/dl vs. 110.04±1.31 mg/dl, P<0.01), triglycerides (96.12±1.25 mg/dl vs. 105.99±1.29 mg/dl, P<0.01) while high-density lipoproteins levels were improved (42.15±0.92 mg/dl vs. 30.92±0.77 mg/dl, P<0.01) indicated its hypophagic and anti-hyperlipidemic effects. Conclusion: The gastroretentive floating pellets of anagliptin was obtained and could be a promising technique to deliver anagliptin with improved bioavailability in the management of the metabolic syndrome.

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Diet-induced obesity and pancreatic islet blood flow in the rat: a preferential increase in islet blood perfusion persists after withdrawal of the diet and normalization of body weight

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1510507 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 151 (3) ◽

pp. 507-511 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A M Svensson ◽

C Hellerström ◽

L Jansson

Keyword(s):

Blood Flow ◽

Body Weight ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Pancreatic Islet ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Blood Perfusion ◽

Cafeteria Diet ◽

Standard Diet ◽

Diet Induced Obesity ◽

Islet Blood Flow

Abstract The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of diet-induced obesity on pancreatic islet blood perfusion in normal Wistar rats. Furthermore, we investigated to what extent any obesity-associated changes in islet blood flow could be reversed after reversion to a normal diet with normalization of body weight. Young adult female Wistar rats were offered a palatable mixed high-caloric diet (cafeteria diet) in addition to standard pelleted chow. Age-matched control rats received standard pelleted chow only. After 4 weeks the diet-treated rats had a body weight of approximately 15% more than that of the controls. All diet-treated rats had decreased glucose tolerance and increased serum insulin concentrations, but basal blood glucose concentrations were similar in anesthetized diet-treated and control rats. Whole pancreatic and islet blood flow rates were measured with a microsphere technique. The islet blood flow as well as fractional islet blood flow were increased (P<0·01) in rats fed the cafeteria diet, while blood perfusion of the whole pancreas was similar to that of the control rats. In a second experiment, rats received the cafeteria diet for 4 weeks and were then fed standard pelleted food alone for another 3 weeks, while controls received standard diet for 7 weeks. After this period total body weight, retroperitoneal fat pad weight and glucose tolerance were similar to those of the controls. Whole pancreatic blood flow was unchanged as compared with that of control rats. However, both islet blood flow (P<0·01) and fractional blood flow (P<0·01) were increased. We conclude that diet-induced obesity in rats is associated with decreased glucose tolerance, hyperinsulinemia and a specific increase in absolute and fractional islet blood perfusion. This increase persists for at least 3 weeks after the diet is withdrawn despite normalization of body weight and glucose tolerance. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 151, 507–511

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Fructose-Drinking Water Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Ultrastructural Alteration of Hepatocyte Mitochondria in Male Wistar Rat

BioMed Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/895961 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Norshalizah Mamikutty ◽

Zar Chi Thent ◽

Farihah Haji Suhaimi

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Drinking Water ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Wistar Rat ◽

Ultrastructural Changes ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

The Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Male Wistar Rats

Background.Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the complications of the metabolic syndrome. It encompasses a wide range of disease spectrum from simple steatosis to liver cirrhosis. Structural alteration of hepatic mitochondria might be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.Aims.In the present study, we used a newly established model of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in male Wistar rats in order to investigate the ultrastructural changes in hepatic mitochondria that occur with fructose consumption and their association with NAFLD pathogenesis.Methods.The concentration of fructose-drinking water (FDW) used in this study was 20%. Six male Wistar rats were supplemented with FDW 20% for eight weeks. Body composition and metabolic parameters were measured before and after 8 weeks of FDW 20%. Histomorphology of the liver was evaluated and ultrastructural changes of mitochondria were assessed with transmission electron micrograph.Results.After 8 weeks of fructose consumption, the animals developed several features of the metabolic syndrome. Moreover, fructose consumption led to the development of macrovesicular hepatic steatosis and mitochondrial ultrastructural changes, such as increase in mitochondrial size, disruption of the cristae, and reduction of matrix density.Conclusion.We conclude that in male Wistar rat 8-week consumption of FDW 20% leads to NAFLD likely via mitochondrial structural alteration.

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Evaluation of Polyherbal Formulation (Kemite) on Cafeteria Diet-induced Obesity in Wistar Rats

International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research ◽

10.47583/ijpsrr.2021.v70i01.020 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

Author(s):

GNANGORAN Boua Narcisse ◽

Traoré Moussa ◽

YAPO Angoué Paul

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Risk Index ◽

The Body ◽

Cafeteria Diet ◽

Atherogenic Index ◽

Coronary Risk ◽

Fat Pad

Obesity is a chronic disorder of global prevalence and associated with morbidity and mortality. This pathology is a real public health problem. The work was undertaken to evaluate the antiobesity efficacy of aqueous extract of Kemite in cafeteria diet induced obese Wistar rats for a period of 28 days. Aqueous extract of Kemite (AEK) was prepared by hot extraction method. Female Wistar rats weighing 124-170 g were divided into different groups i.e. Normal control, cafeteria control and aqueous extract of Kemite at dose of 200 mg/kg bw. The antiobesity activity is estimated in terms of body weight gain, food intake, serum triglycerides (TG), Total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), VLDL cholesterol (VLDL-C), blood glucose (BG), ASAT and ALAT activities, atherogenic index, coronary risk index and liver and fat pad weights. Results showed Cafeteria diet fed rats for 28 successive days significantly increased the body weight, food intake, ASAT and ALAT activities, liver and fat pad weights, atherogenic index, coronary risk index TG, TC, LDL, VLDL, BG and not influenced HDL levels. Rats treated with extract for 28 successive days along with cafeteria diet reversed the effects induced by cafeteria diet. In conclusion, this study revealed that AEK may be a natural and safe remedy for the prevention and control of obesity.

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Effect of Obesity and/or Ligature-induced Periodontitis on Aortic Wall Thickness in Wistar Rats.

Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana ◽

10.54589/aol.33/1/050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 33 (1) ◽

pp. 50-55

Author(s):

Andressa Moreira ◽

Alessandra Nicolini ◽

Eduardo Gaio ◽

Fernanda Visioli ◽

Cassiano Rösing ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Wall Thickness ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Aortic Wall ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Cafeteria Diet ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Aortic Wall Thickness

The purpose of this study was to evaluate aortic wall thickness after periodontal disease and/or obesity induction in a Wistar rat model.Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: control (CT), periodontal disease (PD), obesity (OB), and obesity plus periodontal disease (OB+PD). Groups OB and OB+PD received cafeteria diet for 17 weeks. After they had acquired obesity (week 12), periodontal disease was induced by placing a silk ligature on the maxillary right second molar of groups PD and OB+PD. During the experimental period, body weight and Lee index were assessed. Mean alveolar bone loss (ABL) was evaluated, and aortas were prepared for histometric analysis of the aortic wall by ImageJ software. Body weight and Lee index increased in rats exposed to cafeteria diet. Mean ABL was higher in Groups PD and OB+PD than in control and OB (p<0.05). ABL was 18% higher in Group OB+PD than in Group PD, with statistically significant difference (p<0.001). Aortas were thicker in Groups OB and OB+PD than in control and PD groups, respectively (2.31mm ± 0.28 and 2.33 ± 0.29 vs. 2.18 ± 0.26 and 2.14 ± 0.27). Group OB differed significantly from the control group (p=0.036), and OB+PD and OB differed significantly from PD (p=0.004 and p= 0.001, respectively). Obesity alters aortic wall thickness in Wistar rats. However, the presence of periodontal disease did not affect the aortic wall thickness under the conditions of the present study.

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