scholarly journals BIDIL: A RACE-TARGETED DRUG FOR BLACK AMERICAN’S ONLY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Naveen Chandra Talniya
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Racial Disparities In Health ◽  
Targeted Medicine

  It has been noted that pharma research toward race-targeted medicine and it criticism is going on simultaneously over the past few years. Some argued that drugs specifically target to cure particular racial groups could play a vital role against racial disparities in health. While others claimed that race-targeted medicine inappropriately treats race as a biological reason for racial disparities when broader social and environmental factors may offer better descriptions. Much of this debate includes the Food and Drug Administration’s approval of drug BiDil in 2005, which became the first drug to be marked for a specific racial group black Americans who suffers from heart failure (HF). This controversial drug was declared failed due to less attention of physician’s as well as its high cost in market. The highlighted part of this review is that besides much criticism still this drug prescribed by majority of physicians. Moreover, BiDil is not only one which is race specific but also there are more drugs which have been claimed to have different effects in different racial or ethnic groups.  

scholarly journals Racial Disparities in Health Literacy and Access to Care Among Patients With Heart Failure

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarwat I. Chaudhry ◽  
Jeph Herrin ◽  
Christopher Phillips ◽  
Javed Butler ◽  
Sandip Mukerjhee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Patients With Heart Failure ◽  
Racial Disparities In Health

scholarly journals The use of lethal force by police in USA: Mortality metrics of race and disintegration (2015-2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4(S)) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
John Paull
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Killing Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lethal Force ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Society

Policing in the USA is dangerous for the US public. The objective of the present study is to determine the gross deaths due to lethal force by police and the racial distribution of those deaths compared to the racial distribution of the US population. Longitudinal data reveal that police in the USA kill one thousand people per year (n=1004 in 2019). Deaths by year and race are presented for the years 2015 through 2019. The racial distribution of victims of US police lethal force is not proportionate to the racial distribution of the US population. Whites account for the largest racial group of deaths, but are under-represented, accounting for 45% of police killings (and 60% of the population). Blacks are over-represented, accounting for 24% of police killings (and 13% of the population). Hispanics are proportionately represented, accounting for 17% of police killings (and 18% of the population). Others (including Asian, Native American, and others) are under-represented, accounting for 4% of police killings (and 8% of the population). The rate of US police killings has been relatively stable for the past five years (with a low of 962 deaths in 2016 and a high of 1,004 deaths in 2019). The US police killing rate in The USA is 3.05 police killings per million of population. The US police killing rate of Blacks is 5.34 per million of Hispanics is 2.63 per million, of Whites is 1.87 per million, and of others is 1.5 per million of population. The US police killing rate of Blacks is 2.86 times the US police killing rate of Whites. US police killing rates compare unfavorably with other jurisdictions. The police fatal shooting rate in Australia is 0.17% per million of population, one eighteenth of the police killing rate in the USA (an Australian rate of police killings applied to the US population would produce 56 US police killings per year). The reasons for the high rate of police killings in the USA and for the racial disparities of those killings are multifactorial. The valorization of violence and the glamorization of guns are woven tightly into the history and culture of the USA. The metrics of US police killings are a symptom of larger issues within American society. Treating one symptom will not remedy the malady blighting the organism. Is it time for an American societal and rethink of its relationship with violence, in the light of these metrics of disintegration? Is Violent America fixable? Only time will tell

scholarly journals Disrupting Beliefs in Racial Progress: Reminders of Persistent Racism Alter Perceptions of Past, But Not Current, Racial Economic Equality

2020 ◽  
pp. 014616722094262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivuoma N. Onyeador ◽  
Natalie M. Daumeyer ◽  
Julian M. Rucker ◽  
Ajua Duker ◽  
Michael W. Kraus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
White Americans ◽  
Economic Equality ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Racial Progress ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Past Half

Although there has been limited progress toward economic equality between Americans over the past half-century, many Americans are largely unaware of the persistence of economic racial disparities. One intervention for this widespread ignorance is to inform White Americans of the impact of racism on the outcomes of Black Americans. In two studies, we attempted to improve the accuracy of Whites’ perceptions of racial progress and estimates of contemporary racial economic equality. Reminding White Americans about the persistence of racial disparities produced smaller overestimates of how much progress had been made toward racial economic equality between 1963 and 2016. Rather than modifying overestimates of contemporary racial economic equality, participants who read about disparities assessed the past as more equitable than participants who did not. We discuss implications of these findings for efforts to address Whites’ misperceptions of racial economic equality and to challenge narratives of American racial progress.

scholarly journals Stereotypes about Political Attitudes and Coalitions among U.S. Racial Groups: Implications for Strategic Political Decision-making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen A. Craig ◽  
Linda Xiaoying Zou ◽  
Hui Bai ◽  
Michelle M Lee
Keyword(s):  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
American Identity ◽  
The Political ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
Political Coalitions ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Political Decision Making

What are people’s expectations of interracial political coalitions? This research reveals expectations of flexible interracial coalitions stemming from how policies and racial groups are viewed in terms of perceived status and foreignness. For policies seen as changing societal status (e.g., welfare), people expected Black-Hispanic political coalitions and viewed Asian Americans as more likely to align with Whites than with other minorities. For policies seen as relating to American identity (e.g., immigration), people expected Asian-Hispanic coalitions and that Black Americans would align with Whites more than other minorities. Manipulating a novel group’s alleged status and cultural assimilation influenced coalitional expectations, providing evidence of causality. These expectations appear to better reflect stereotypes than groups’ actual average policy attitudes and voting behavior. Yet these beliefs may have implications for a diversifying electorate, as Whites strategically enhanced the political voice of a racial group expected to agree with their personal preferences on stereotyped policies.

Teaching physicians-in-training to address racial disparities in health: a hospital-community partnership

2003 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Jacobs ◽  
Claire Kohrman ◽  
Maurice Lemon ◽  
Dennis L Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Community Partnership ◽  
Racial Disparities In Health

Exercise Capacity in Chronic Heart Failure

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gina G Mentzer ◽  
Alex J Auseon
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Future Therapy

Heart failure (HF) affects more than 5 million people and has an increasing incidence and cost burden. Patients note symptoms of dyspnea and fatigue that result in a decreased quality of life, which has not drastically improved over the past decades despite advances in therapies. The assessment of exercise capacity can provide information regarding patient diagnosis and prognosis, while doubling as a potential future therapy. clinically, there is acceptance that exercise is safe in hf and can have a positive impact on morbidity and quality of life, although evidence for improvement in mortality is still lacking. specific prescriptions for exercise training have not been developed because many variables and confounding factors have prevented research trials from demonstrating an ideal regimen. Physicians are becoming more aware of the indices and goals for hf patients in exercise testing and therapy to provide comprehensive cardiac care. it is further postulated that a combination of exercise training and pharmacologic therapy may eventually provide the most benefits to those suffering from hf.

Progress and Prospects in Translating Nanobiotechnology in Medical Theranostics

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna Batool ◽  
Farid Menaa ◽  
Bushra Uzair ◽  
Barkat Ali Khan ◽  
Bouzid Menaa
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
The Past ◽  
Profound Influence ◽  
Functionalized Nanomaterials ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Materials ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
And Performance

: The pace at which nanotheranostic technology for human disease is evolving has accelerated exponentially over the past five years. Nanotechnology is committed to utilizing the intrinsic properties of materials and structures at submicroscopic-scale measures. Indeed, there is generally a profound influence of reducing physical dimensions of particulates and devices on their physico-chemical characteristics, biological properties, and performance. The exploration of nature’s components to work effectively as nanoscaffolds or nanodevices represents a tremendous and growing interest in medicine for various applications (e.g., biosensing, tunable control and targeted drug release, tissue engineering). Several nanotheranostic approaches (i.e., diagnostic plus therapeutic using nanoscale) conferring unique features are constantly progressing and overcoming all the limitations of conventional medicines including specificity, efficacy, solubility, sensitivity, biodegradability, biocompatibility, stability, interactions at subcellular levels. : This review introduces two major aspects of nanotechnology as an innovative and challenging theranostic strategy or solution: (i) the most intriguing (bare and functionalized) nanomaterials with their respective advantages and drawbacks; (ii) the current and promising multifunctional “smart” nanodevices.

scholarly journals Use of PRP, PRF and CGF in Periodontal Regeneration and Facial Rejuvenation—A Narrative Review

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Eitan Mijiritsky ◽  
Haya Drora Assaf ◽  
Oren Peleg ◽  
Maayan Shacham ◽  
Loredana Cerroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Periodontal Regeneration ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Gingival Recession ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Facial Rejuvenation ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
The Past ◽  
Autologous Platelet

Growth factors (GFs) play a vital role in cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and angiogenesis. Autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) which contain high levels of GFs make them especially suitable for periodontal regeneration and facial rejuvenation. The main generations of APCs presented are platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and concentrated growth factor (CGF) techniques. The purpose of this review is to provide the clinician with an overview of APCs’ evolution over the past decade in order to give reliable and useful information to be used in clinical work. This review summarizes the most interesting and novel articles published between 1997 and 2020. Electronic and manual searches were conducted in the following databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Embase. The following keywords were used: growth factors, VEGF, TGF-b1, PRP, PRF, CGF and periodontal regeneration and/or facial rejuvenation. A total of 73 articles were finally included. The review then addresses the uses of the three different techniques in the two disciplines, as well as the advantages and limitations of each technique. Overall, PRP is mainly used in cases of hard and soft tissue procedures, while PRF is used in gingival recession and the treatment of furcation and intrabony defects; CGF is mainly used in bone regeneration.

Americans Misperceive Racial Disparities in Economic Mobility

2021 ◽  
pp. 014616722110241
Author(s):  
Shai Davidai ◽  
Jesse Walker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
American Dream ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Mobility ◽  
Systemic Racism ◽  
Economic Disparities ◽  
Lay Beliefs ◽  
Socioeconomic System

What do people know about racial disparities in “The American Dream”? Across six studies ( N = 1,761), we find that American participants consistently underestimate the Black–White disparity in economic mobility, believing that poor Black Americans are significantly more likely to move up the economic ladder than they actually are. We find that misperceptions about economic mobility are common among both White and Black respondents, and that this undue optimism about the prospect of mobility for Black Americans results from a narrow focus on the progress toward equality that has already been made. Consequently, making economic racial disparities salient, or merely reflecting on the unique hardships that Black Americans face in the United States, calibrates beliefs about economic mobility. We discuss the importance of these findings for understanding lay beliefs about the socioeconomic system, the denial of systemic racism in society, and support for policies aimed at reducing racial economic disparities.

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