scholarly journals The use of lethal force by police in USA: Mortality metrics of race and disintegration (2015-2019)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4(S)) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
John Paull
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Killing Rate ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lethal Force ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
American Society

Policing in the USA is dangerous for the US public. The objective of the present study is to determine the gross deaths due to lethal force by police and the racial distribution of those deaths compared to the racial distribution of the US population. Longitudinal data reveal that police in the USA kill one thousand people per year (n=1004 in 2019). Deaths by year and race are presented for the years 2015 through 2019. The racial distribution of victims of US police lethal force is not proportionate to the racial distribution of the US population. Whites account for the largest racial group of deaths, but are under-represented, accounting for 45% of police killings (and 60% of the population). Blacks are over-represented, accounting for 24% of police killings (and 13% of the population). Hispanics are proportionately represented, accounting for 17% of police killings (and 18% of the population). Others (including Asian, Native American, and others) are under-represented, accounting for 4% of police killings (and 8% of the population). The rate of US police killings has been relatively stable for the past five years (with a low of 962 deaths in 2016 and a high of 1,004 deaths in 2019). The US police killing rate in The USA is 3.05 police killings per million of population. The US police killing rate of Blacks is 5.34 per million of Hispanics is 2.63 per million, of Whites is 1.87 per million, and of others is 1.5 per million of population. The US police killing rate of Blacks is 2.86 times the US police killing rate of Whites. US police killing rates compare unfavorably with other jurisdictions. The police fatal shooting rate in Australia is 0.17% per million of population, one eighteenth of the police killing rate in the USA (an Australian rate of police killings applied to the US population would produce 56 US police killings per year). The reasons for the high rate of police killings in the USA and for the racial disparities of those killings are multifactorial. The valorization of violence and the glamorization of guns are woven tightly into the history and culture of the USA. The metrics of US police killings are a symptom of larger issues within American society. Treating one symptom will not remedy the malady blighting the organism. Is it time for an American societal and rethink of its relationship with violence, in the light of these metrics of disintegration? Is Violent America fixable? Only time will tell

scholarly journals Внешняя политика США в восприятии и оценках современного американского общества

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Лариса ГАРУСОВА
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strategic Approach ◽  
The Us ◽  
Informational Basis ◽  
American Research ◽  
American Society ◽  
The Relationship

Анализируется взаимосвязь и корреляция современной внешнеполитической стратегии США с общественной рефлексией на неё. Информационной основой работы являются результаты социологических опросов ведущих американских исследовательских центров, статистические данные, статьи, официальные документы. Прослежена связь официальных внешнеполитических доктрин и мнения американских граждан в отношении России и Китая. Выявлена корреляция между усилением антикитайских настроений в США за последние два года и появлением новой официальной стратегии Вашингтона в отношении КНР («Стратегический подход США к КНР») от 20 мая 2020 г. внешняя политика, США, стратегия, рефлексия, общественное мнение, Россия, Китай, национальная безопасность This article analyzes the relationship and correlation of the US modern foreign policy strategy with public reflection on it. Washington's active foreign policy and US claims to the role of world leader are supported by American society in recent decades. The informational basis of this work is the analysis of the sociological surveys of leading American research centers, statistics, academic articles, as well as official documents on the studied issues. The study revealed the peculiarities of the perception of traditional and new threats to national and international security by the American elite and society. The author traces the connection between official foreign policy doctrines and the opinions of American citizens regarding Russia and China. A correlation was found between the strengthening of anti-Chinese sentiment in the US over the past two years and the appearance of a new official strategy of Washington towards the PRC (“United States Strategic Approach to The People’s Republic of China”) in May 20, 2020. foreign policy, USA, strategy, reflection, public opinion, Russia, China, national security

Censuses in the USA and statistics of immigration from Poland – methodological-historical perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 27-49
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Okrasa
Keyword(s):  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal Funds ◽  
The Us ◽  
Lower Chamber ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Us Constitution ◽  
American Society ◽  
Dynamic Population

Censuses of population and housing in the United States are of particular interest to experts in many disciplines – in addition to statisticians, also to demographers, political scientists, sociologists, historians, and even psychologists and anthropologists. This is so not only because of the long history of US censuses (the first census in the US was carried out in 1790) or methodological innovations, but due to immigration responsible for the dynamic population growth, and to the specific purpose of the census, which is ensuring the proportional (according to the numer of inhabitants) distribution of seats in the lower chamber of Congress and federal funds (apportionment), guaranteed by the US Constitution. The heterogeneity of the American society, both in the racial-ethnic and religious-cultural sense, in addition to the above considerations, raise questions about the purposes of those changes and directions for improvement in subsequent censuses. The aim of the article is to present the problems and challenges related to censuses in the USA. The paper focuses on methodological and operational solutions that can be implemented thanks to several improvements, including the progress in the fields of statistics and technology. The paper also discusses the issues of credibility of the census data, based on the example of immigration from Poland and the Polish diaspora in the USA.

scholarly journals BIDIL: A RACE-TARGETED DRUG FOR BLACK AMERICAN’S ONLY

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Naveen Chandra Talniya
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Racial Group ◽  
Racial Groups ◽  
The Past ◽  
Targeted Drug ◽  
Racial Disparities In Health ◽  
Targeted Medicine

  It has been noted that pharma research toward race-targeted medicine and it criticism is going on simultaneously over the past few years. Some argued that drugs specifically target to cure particular racial groups could play a vital role against racial disparities in health. While others claimed that race-targeted medicine inappropriately treats race as a biological reason for racial disparities when broader social and environmental factors may offer better descriptions. Much of this debate includes the Food and Drug Administration’s approval of drug BiDil in 2005, which became the first drug to be marked for a specific racial group black Americans who suffers from heart failure (HF). This controversial drug was declared failed due to less attention of physician’s as well as its high cost in market. The highlighted part of this review is that besides much criticism still this drug prescribed by majority of physicians. Moreover, BiDil is not only one which is race specific but also there are more drugs which have been claimed to have different effects in different racial or ethnic groups.  

2019 Presidential Address: Sameness and Difference in Ethnohistory

Ethnohistory ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-549
Author(s):  
Nancy Shoemaker
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Presidential Address ◽  
State University ◽  
The Past ◽  
Penn State ◽  
American Society

Abstract This presidential address, presented at the annual meeting of the American Society for Ethnohistory at Penn State University in 2019, draws attention to the politics of sameness and difference with examples of how people in the past invoked sameness or difference to include or exclude, disempower or empower, or advocate for equality or inequality. The address then asks how the politics of sameness and difference intersect with scholars’ use of sameness and difference in their analyses. It recommends that ethnohistorians think carefully about their word choices, assumptions, and the kinds of questions they ask about European and Native American historical actors, because these can result in misleading inferences about sameness and difference.

The Economic Impact of University Technologies

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfred R. Berkeley
Keyword(s):  
Technology Transfer ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Vice Chairman ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Technology Managers

This article is an edited version of a speech given by Alfred R. Berkeley, former President and Vice-Chairman of the NASDAQ Stock Market Inc, as part of the 30th anniversary celebrations of the US Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM) during the 2004 AUTM Annual MeetingSM. The article stresses the increasingly important role of technology transfer in the economic and social futures of the USA and points up lessons for technology transfer professionals from the key changes and policy decisions that have driven the development of America's capital markets over the past few decades.

scholarly journals How Should We Think about the Winners and Losers from Globalization? Three Narratives and Their Implications for the Redesign of International Economic Agreements

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1359-1397
Author(s):  
Nicolas Lamp
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Abstract In the wake of Donald Trump’s election to the US presidency, the ‘losers’ from globalization have received unprecedented attention. While few would contest that manufacturing workers in developed countries have lost out over the past decades, the remedies proposed by President Trump have been met with a mixture of concern and ridicule by the trade establishment. And, yet, it seems clear that, at least in the USA, politicians and trade officials are no longer able to convince voters that international economic agreements will ‘lift all boats’. Instead, those engaged in debates about trade policy will need to be open about the fact that international economic agreements create both winners and losers. This article identifies three narratives about who those winners and losers are. The article argues that the contestation between these three narratives is not one that can be resolved through empirical analysis but, instead, that the narratives contain irreducible normative elements. The article further explores the implications of these narratives for the redesign of international economic agreements.

ANALYSIS OF THE ROLE OF THE US PRINTED MEDIA IN THE INFORMATION WAR BETWEEN THE USA AND RUSSIA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.V. MARTYNENKO ◽  
А.I. PENZINA
Keyword(s):  
Political Elites ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Negative Image ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article is devoted to the consideration of methods and ways of conducting information war by the US media against the Russian Federation over the past few years. On the example of publications about President Donald Trumps links with Russia, its possible to trace a traditional tendency to use the image of Russia as the main adversary (the socalled enemy image), which undermines the interests of American democracy. Under pressure from representatives of political elites and lobbyists, the US media systematically form a negative image of Russia, hindering the development of positive diplomatic, economic and political relations between the two strongest countries in the world. The authors of the study used the systemanalytical method, the method of analogies, the method of content analysis and the historicalanalytical method.

Oncologists’ awareness, knowledge, and perceptions of value frameworks.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18317-e18317
Author(s):  
William Bruce Wong ◽  
Arliene Ravelo ◽  
Marco DiBonaventura ◽  
Bijal Shah-Manek
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Past ◽  
Online Panel ◽  
The Us ◽  
American Society ◽  
Prevalence Of Cancer

e18317 Background: The increasing prevalence of cancer coupled with approvals of new drugs and technologies have brought increased scrutiny to cost/benefit of treatments in oncology. To address the rising concern about oncology drug costs, several stakeholders have developed frameworks to help assess the value of oncology regimens. The objective of this study was to assess oncologists’ perceptions, awareness and knowledge of all oncology value frameworks in the US. Methods: Data were collected from an electronic cross-sectional survey of 200 US-based oncologists recruited from an online panel. Oncologists were asked about their knowledge and perceptions of four value frameworks – the National Comprehensive Cancer Network’s (NCCN) Evidence Blocks, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Value Framework, Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) Value Framework and Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK) Drug Abacus framework. Findings were reported descriptively. Results: Oncologists were most familiar with the NCCN Evidence Blocks (90%) followed by the ASCO Value Framework (84%), ICER value framework (57%) and Drug Abacus (56%). Among those that were familiar with the value frameworks, almost equal proportions found the NCCN Evidence Blocks vs. ASCO Value Framework to be “useful/very useful” (75% vs. 74%) followed by ICER Value Framework (64%) and Drug Abacus (56%). More than three out of four oncologists surveyed (76%) had used value frameworks in the past, with NCCN Evidence Blocks being used most often (61.5%) followed by ASCO Value Framework (48.4%), ICER Value Framework (21%) and Drug Abacus (15%). NCCN Evidence Blocks was ranked highest for its ease of use, comprehensiveness, feasibility for use in the clinical setting, ability of patients to understand and most favorable overall, followed by ASCO Value Framework, ICER Value Framework and Drug Abacus. Conclusions: The majority of oncologists were familiar with value frameworks and had used them in the past. Of the four oncology Value Frameworks, NCCN Evidence Blocks were perceived most favorably by oncologists followed by ASCO Value Framework.

Racial inequity in fatal US police shootings, 2015–2020

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2020-215097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elle Lett ◽  
Emmanuella Ngozi Asabor ◽  
Theodore Corbin ◽  
Dowin Boatright
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Washington Post ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Mortality Burden ◽  
The Us ◽  
Police Shootings ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Racial Ethnic

IntroductionViolent encounters with police represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the USA, especially among Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour (BIPOC). This study characterises trends in fatal police shootings overall and by armed status and quantifies inequities in mortality burden and years of life lost (YLL) across racial/ethnic groups.MethodsLongitudinal study of Washington Post data on fatal police shootings in the USA using generalised linear-mixed models to capture trends with time and relative rates.ResultsThis study shows that the rate of fatal police shootings for Black, Indigenous, and People of Colour (BIPOC) is constant from 2015 to 2020. Further, BIPOC have significantly higher death rates compared with Whites in the overall victim pool (Native American RR=3.06, Black RR=2.62, Hispanic RR=1.29) and among unarmed victims (Black RR=3.18, Hispanic RR=1.45). Native American (RR=3.95), Black (overall RR=3.29, unarmed RR=3.49) and Hispanic (RR=1.55, unarmed RR=1.55), victims had similarly high rates of YLL relative to Whites.ConclusionFatal police shootings are a public health emergency that contribute to poor health for BIPOC. Urgent attention from health professionals is needed to help drive policy efforts that reduce this unjust burden and move us towards achieving health equity in the US.

scholarly journals Repatriation, power relations and the politics of the past

Antiquity ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 70 (268) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara L. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Usa

Museums across the USA are busy carrying out their new obligations under NAGPRA, the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act. There is more to the mood than some change in how human remains are curated in archaeological and anthropological collections.

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