scholarly journals INSIGHT INTO ANTIMICROBIC EVALUATION TECHNIQUES AND THEIR ROLE IN BETTER ASSESSMENT OF ANTIMICROBIC AGENTS: A REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
DEEKSHA DOGRA ◽  
JM. JULKA ◽  
ARUN KUMAR
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Flow Cytofluorometry ◽  
Microbial Resistance ◽  
Keen Interest ◽  
Assessment Strategies ◽  
Evaluation Techniques ◽  
Insight Into

At present, researchers have a keen interest in creating advanced antimicrobic agents to overcome microbial resistance from various new sources either from plants or microbes. For this, robust attention has been given to the advancement in the rapid antimicrobic assessment strategies and methods to develop antimicrobic agents. Some of the antimicrobic techniques such as well diffusion using broth and agar and disc diffusion are more prominent in assaying antimicrobial testing while techniques such as bioluminescence, flow cytofluorometry methods are less used due to specific equipment’s, high calibration and evaluation processes. Thus, the information of precise antimicrobial techniques is must to the new researchers for antimicrobic testing. In this review article, various antimicrobic techniques with their advantages and limitations are being reported which are currently being carried out for antimicrobial testing.

Critical Insight into the Attributes of Emerging Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) in India and Across the World

Coronaviruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Gaurav M. Doshi ◽  
Hemen S. Ved ◽  
Ami P. Thakkar
Keyword(s):  
Review Article ◽  
World Health ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
The World ◽  
Critical Insight ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Old Drugs

The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently announced the spread of novel coronavirus (nCoV) globally and has declared it a pandemic. The probable source of transmission of the virus, which is from animal to human and human to human contact, has been established. As per the statistics reported by the WHO on 11th April 2020, data has shown that more than sixteen lakh confirmed cases have been identified globally. The reported cases related to nCoV in India have been rising substantially. The review article discusses the characteristics of nCoV in detail with the probability of potentially effective old drugs that may inhibit the virus. The research may further emphasize and draw the attention of the world towards the development of an effective vaccine as well as alternative therapies. Moreover, the article will help to bridge the gap between the new researchers since it’s the current thrust area of research.

scholarly journals Salicylic acid and its role in induced plant resistance to biotic stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-14
Author(s):  
N.N. Iksat ◽  
◽  
D. Tokasheva ◽  
М.К. Beissekova ◽  
U.I. Amanbayeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Biotic Stress ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Induced Plant Resistance ◽  
Protective Genes ◽  
Oxidative Processes ◽  
Insight Into

Salicylic acid is a natural signaling molecule that plays a key role in establishing and transmitting plant protection signals from phytopathogens. Salicylic acid, by modulating the expression of protective genes and changing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, can regulate oxidative processes associated with plant protective reactions. This review article reviews studies that provide insight into the functioning of salicylic acid in plant immunity

Quaranta anni di valutazione delle politiche e degli investimenti pubblici: lezioni dall'esperienza

2009 ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Pennisi
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Project Appraisal ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Italian Government ◽  
Evaluation Techniques

- This is a review article based on 40 years of experience in the field of policy and project appraisal and evaluation. The author has had an extensive career in this area in the World Bank, the European Commission, Italian Government Ministries and in academia. The review concludes that cost benefit analysis extended to "real options" and applied jointly with the "effects method" helps solve certain critical issue of traditional financial and economic appraisal and evaluation techniques. More significantly, it contributes to better integrate financial and economic evaluation and appraisal techniques with organizational and sociological evaluation techniques. Key words: appraisal, evaluation, World Bank, distribution weights.

scholarly journals Overview and Insights into Carbapenem Allergy

Pharmacy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuman Lee ◽  
Nicole Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Substantial Impact ◽  
Cross Sensitivity ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Incidence Risk ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Insight Into

Understanding antibiotic allergies and the risk of cross-sensitivity between and within antibiotic classes can have a substantial impact on patient care. The purpose of this review article is to provide insight into carbapenem allergies, describing the overall incidence, risk factors, and in-class cross-sensitivity. A PubMed search was conducted using the following search terms: carbapenem, allergy, cross-sensitivity, incidence, imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem, ertapenem, and doripenem. Article bibliographies and relevant drug monographs were also reviewed. The overall reported incidence of carbapenem allergy is 0.3%–3.7%. Risk of cross-sensitivity between penicillins and carbapenems is less than 1% in patients with a positive penicillin skin test. Data on cross-sensitivity between cephalosporins and carbapenems are limited; however, the risk appears to also be low. No clinical studies have described cross-sensitivity between the carbapenem agents thus far. The limited data available from case reports demonstrates a lack of cross-sensitivity between the individual carbapenems, suggesting that an alternative carbapenem may cautiously be used in patients with a reported carbapenem allergy.

scholarly journals Metabolomic Insight into Polycystic Ovary Syndrome—An Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 4853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rajska ◽  
Magdalena Buszewska-Forajta ◽  
Dominik Rachoń ◽  
Michał Jan Markuszewski
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Markers ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Potential Biomarkers

Searching for the mechanisms of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) pathophysiology has become a crucial aspect of research performed in the last decades. However, the pathogenesis of this complex and heterogeneous endocrinopathy remains unknown. Thus, there is a need to investigate the metabolic pathways, which could be involved in the pathophysiology of PCOS and to find the metabolic markers of this disorder. The application of metabolomics gives a promising insight into the research on PCOS. It is a valuable and rapidly expanding tool, enabling the discovery of novel metabolites, which may be the potential biomarkers of several metabolic and endocrine disorders. The utilization of this approach could also improve the process of diagnosis and therefore, make treatment more effective. This review article aims to summarize actual and meaningful metabolomic studies in PCOS and point to the potential biomarkers detected in serum, urine, and follicular fluid of the affected women.

Atomic layer deposition and electrospinning as membrane surface engineering methods for water treatment: a short review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1765-1785
Author(s):  
Jieun Lee ◽  
In S. Kim ◽  
Moon-Hyun Hwang ◽  
Kyu-Jung Chae
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Atomic Layer Deposition ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Atomic Layer ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Layer Deposition ◽  
Insight Into

This review article provides a summary of the application of ALD and electrospinning in membrane processes for water treatment and insight into the technological challenges and future perspectives for their wider application in the membrane industry.

scholarly journals Fractionation and Characterization of Petroleum Asphaltene: Focus on Metalopetroleomics

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1504
Author(s):  
Fang Zheng ◽  
Quan Shi ◽  
Germain Salvato Vallverdu ◽  
Pierre Giusti ◽  
Brice Bouyssiere
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Polar Fraction ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Current Review ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Insight Into

Asphaltenes, as the heaviest and most polar fraction of petroleum, have been characterized by various analytical techniques. A variety of fractionation methods have been carried out to separate asphaltenes into multiple subfractions for further investigation, and some of them have important reference significance. The goal of the current review article is to offer insight into the multitudinous analytical techniques and fractionation methods of asphaltene analysis, following an introduction with regard to the morphologies of metals and heteroatoms in asphaltenes, as well their functions on asphaltene aggregation. Learned lessons and suggestions on possible future work conclude the present review article.

Recent Advances in Three-Component Cyclocondensation of Dimedone with Aldehydes and Malononitrile for Construction of Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans Using Organocatalysts

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1043-1072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Kiyani
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Drug Candidate ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Green Solvent ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Many ◽  
Ethanol System ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
New Strategies

Background: The majority of naturally occurring compounds, pharmaceuticals, and drug-candidate molecules possess heterocyclic scaffolds. In this context, tetrahydobenzo[b]pyrans are of considerable importance. In the line with the synthesis of these valuable heterocyclic compounds, the researchers tried to synthesize these molecules using different organocatalysts. The development of new strategies for three-component condensation of dimedone, various aldehydes and malononitrile for construction of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans is of particular interest to organic chemists and pharmacologists. Objective: In this review, three-component catalyzed synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyran compounds is introduced, focusing on the developments in the use of organocatalysts. Organocatalytic approaches were investigated for the synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans. This contribution covers the literature concerning the synthesis of heterocycles referred to, in recent times. Conclusion: This review article is associated with the study of the three-component synthesis of tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans using organocatalysts. This review also provides an insight into the importance of these heterocycles. In the vast majority of these reactions, water and water-ethanol system have been used as green solvent media for implementation of them. The use of green solvents, the development of less toxic and promising reagents/catalysts as well as the design of inexpensive and reliable approaches are some of the principles of green chemistry, and most of the methods are benefited from them. Tetrahydrobenzo[b]pyrans and organocatalysts open avenue ofnew horizons. The recyclability of the many of these organocatalysts offers an additional merit for the use of these catalysts in 3-CR of aldehydes, dimedone, and malononitrile reactions.

Scope and Challenges of 3D Printing in Organ Transplantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 07 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naman Shah ◽  
Sarthak Jain ◽  
Priyal Jain ◽  
Mamta Thakur
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Organ Transplant ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Scientists And Engineers ◽  
Insight Into

Background: The influx of 3D printing in organ transplantation is currently a vigorous area of research and its success is still cynical. The review article focuses mainly on the scope and challenges in the applications of 3D printing in organ transplantation. The basic idea of the article is to highlight the current status of 3D printing in the area of organ transplant. Introduction: The review article covers the highlights of 3D printing, major steps incurred in the 3D printing of organs, challenges in the 3D printing and transplantation of organs and future prospects (Scope) in the area with special reference to the problem and failures encountered in organ transplantation of 3D printed organs. Method: The findings from available studies have been consolidated in the review article to have an insight into the scope and challenges in the area of 3D printed organ transplantation. Result: In this review study, it has been found that there are certain limitations of the 3D printed material based on the survival and multiplication in the in-vivo environment, which subsequently leads to the bio incompatibility of the organs. In addition to this, some other limitations which provide further scope of research in this area are also included. Conclusion: It has been concluded that 3D printing is an emerging solution in organ transplantation and prosthetics, but still, more refinement and technological advancement is needed to make it a completely feasible solution. The joint team of doctors, scientists and engineers need to work cross disciplinary to overcome the limitations and to develop this technique further for the betterment of mankind.

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