scholarly journals SPECIFIC AND NON-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS OF SIMPLICIA AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PRASMAN LEAVES (AYAPANA TRIPLINERVIS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
SASMITA RETNO SARI ◽  
BERNA ELYA ◽  
KATRIN BASAH
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Water Soluble Extract ◽  
Safety And Stability

Objective: Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) R.M.King and H. Rob. leaves can be applied as a diuretic and as an antioxidant. Based on its medicinal properties,A. triplinervis can be used as traditional medicine. Therefore, its quality and safety should be guaranteed, which could be verified based on theoutcomes of standardization processes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate some specific and non-specific parameters of simplicia and 70%ethanolic extracts of A. triplinervis leaves from three regions in Indonesia.Methods: The samples were macerated using 70% ethanol.Results: With regard to the specific parameters of A. triplinervis simplicia, the total water-soluble extract was 18.69–29.30%, the total ethanol-solubleextract was 7.73–11.78%, and the total flavonoid content was 3.31–4.10, expressed as mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g simplicia. With regard to the nonspecificparameters, the total drying losses were 13.61–14.55%, the total ash content was 11.54–11.83%, and the total acid insoluble ash content was1.90–2.66%. In the extracts, the total flavonoid content was 14.94–22.41 expressed as mg RE/g extract, while for the non-specific parameters, the totalwater content was 11.07–12.66%, the total ash content was 10.55–10.89%, and the total acid insoluble ash content was 0.25–0.32%.Conclusion: The parameters identified could be used to determine the safety and stability of extracts and simplicial before administration to treatvarious ailments.

scholarly journals Study on Total Phenolic, Flavonoid and Antioxidant Capacity of Fish Singgang Extracts

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Anis Nafisah Jamain ◽  
Norhaslinda Ridzwan ◽  
Mimie Noratiqah Jumli ◽  
Norhayati Abd Hadi ◽  
Mohd Adzim Khalili Rohin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content

Aim: To evaluate the ash and moisture contents, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant potential of Terengganu singgang extracts. Study Design: Experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Central Laboratory, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu between April 2019 and July 2019. Methodology: Samples comprised three types of singgang dishes, which were prepared, cooked, and then extracted with distilled water and ethanol (EtOH) in different strengths, 50%, 70%, and 100%. These singgang samples were chub mackerel (ST), Indian mackerel (SK), and a control sample with no fish(SC). Extracts were analyzed for their moisture and ash content. Also, the total phenolic content (TPC) was assayed using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, while total flavonoid content (TFC) using AlCl3 colorimetric assay, and antioxidant activity using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was also evaluated. Results: Experimental assays showed that the SC sample extracted in 100% EtOH produced the highest yield (3.7%). SK samples were lower than SC and ST in moisture content and ash content with 94.21%, 96.37% and 93.03% moisture content and 0.85%, 0.71%, and 0.96% ash content. Meanwhile, the extract of ST in 100% EtOH yielded the highest TPC (315.0 mg GAE/100g) and T-AC (8.8 U/mL) but the lowest in DPPH scavenging activity (12.2%). On the other hand, the extract of SK in 70% EtOH gave the highest TFC with 6485.3 mg QE/100g. The correlation of TFC and TPC with DPPH and T-AOC assays was positively significant. Conclusion: In conclusion, the ST extract yielded the best antioxidant capacity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, Thrombolytic, Membrane Stabilizing Activities and Total Flavonoid Content of Various Partitionates of Aerial Parts of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Uddin ◽  
Azima Sultana Julie ◽  
Md Haider Ali ◽  
Md Nurul Islam ◽  
Shah Alam Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Eclipta Alba ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
History Of

Eclipta alba is a medicinal herb belonging to the family of Asteraceae. Locally it is known as Kalokeshi and has a history of ethno-medicinal properties. The crude ethanolic extract of E. alba leaves was partitioned successively by solvents of different polarities. The crude extract along with different partitionates was evaluated for their possible antimicrobial, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities. In this study, n-hexane soluble fraction (HXSF) showed 55.56% maximum activity against thrombosis in comparison with streptokinase (SK) 62.67%. For hypotonic solution- and heat-induced conditions, the n-hexane soluble fractionate (67.35 ± 0.50%) significantly inhibited the haemolysis of HRBCs by 67.35 ± 0.50% and 62.12 ± 0.69%, respectively as compared to the standard acetyl salicylic acid (77.91 ± 0.29%). The ethanol extract of the plant showed higher inhibitory action against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas fluroescens. The total flavonoid content was quite significant in ethanolic extract (142.17 ± 0.15 mg/g). Hence, the results of the present study revealed that the leaves of this traditional medicinal plant are a remedy for thrombosis, red blood cell membrane stabilization and microbial infections against some human pathogens.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 207-213, 2015 (December)

scholarly journals FORMULASI SEDIAAN SIRUP PENINGKAT IMUNITAS DARI HERBA MENIRAN (Phyllanthus niruri L.)

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
W. O. Sugarda ◽  
K.D.C. Dewi ◽  
K.W.A. Putra ◽  
M.B. Yogiswara ◽  
C.B.A.C. Sukawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri

Meniran herb (Phyllanthus niruri L.) is a plant that has been scientifically proven to have activity as a natural immunomodulator. The effectiveness of natural immunomodulators from meniran herbs can be improved by formulating the ethanolic extract of meniran herbs into syrup preparations. This research was conducted to find out that the herbal extracts obtained had fulfilled the parameters of extract quality standards so that they could be formulated into pharmaceutical products. Standardization of herbal extracts includes testing of moisture content, testing of total ash content, testing of acid-soluble ash content, and testing of total flavonoid levels. Ethanol extract of Meniran herbs was obtained by maceration using 95% ethanol. Testing the extract moisture content produced extracts with a moisture content of 7.295%. Total ash content was 3%, acid insoluble ash content was 1.2% and total flavonoid content was 3.15%.  Keywords: formulation, immunity, syrup, Phyllanthus niruri L.

Physical Characteristics, Total Phenolic, and Flavonoid Content of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Leaves Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Wita Kusumawati ◽  
Ni Luh Utari Sumadewi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Coccinia Grandis ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt is an herbal plant that has been widely used for the treatment of various types of diseases. The phenolic and flavonoid content of plant extracts largely determine their pharmacological activity. The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the ethanol extract of C. grandis leaves. Leaf samples in this study were obtained in the area of ​​Dalung, North Kuta, Badung, Bali. The powdered C. grandis leaf was extracted by maceration method using 70% ethanol followed by evaporation using an oven at 45oC to obtain a thick extract. The non-specific parameters of the extract were then determined, such as moisture content, ash content, and acid insoluble ash. Total phenolic content was determined using the follin-ciocalteu method and total flavonoid content was determined using the aluminum chloride method. Based on the research results, the yield of C. grandis leaf extract was 19.36%. C. grandis leaf extract has a description of a thick and sticky extract, blackish brown color, distinctive aroma, and a bitter sour taste. The water content of the ethanolic extract of C. grandis leaves was 9.93±0.03% (g/g). The total ash value of the simplicia and ethanolic extract of C. grandis leaves were 20.76±0.15% (g/g) and 27.38±0.19% (g/g), respectively. The acid insoluble ash content of the extract was 4.05±0.30% (g/g). The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the extract were 111.92±0.49 µg GAE/mg dry extract and 73.60±3.53 µg QE/mg dry extract, respectively.

scholarly journals Correlation of Thrombolytic and Membrane Stabilizing Activities with Total Flavonoid Content Aerial Parts of Spondias pinnata

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Uddin ◽  
Md Nurul Islam ◽  
Md Haider Ali ◽  
Shah Alam Khan ◽  
Zubair Khalid Labu
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Acetyl Salicylic Acid ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content

Spondias pinnata is a medicinal herb belonging to the family of Anacardiaceae. Locally it is known as Amra and has a history of ethno-medicinal properties. The crude ethanolic extract along with different partitionates of the leaves of S. pinnata were evaluated for their possible thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities. The activities of the leaf extract were evaluated by using standard drugs; streptokinase for thrombolytic and acetyl salicylic acid for anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, among all partitionates the ethyl acetate soluble fraction showed highest % of clot lysis (58.06%) as compared to (69.23%) and (3.03%) exhibited by the standard streptokinase and water. On the other hand, ethyl acetate soluble fractionates also significantly inhibits the haemolysis of human erythrocyte membrane both in induced by hypotonic solution (65.33 ± 0.50%) and by heat (56.22 ± 0.69%), respectively as compared to (75.92 ± 29%) and (71.12 ± 0.26%) demonstrated by acetyl salicylic acid. Our study revealed that satisfactory amount of flavonoid content (132.27 ± 0.25) showed a significant and positive correlation between total flavonoid content with thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities.Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(1): 48-52, 2016

scholarly journals Comparison of flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in calyces of two roselle varieties (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.)

2022 ◽  
Vol 956 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
N Nerdy ◽  
B R Barus ◽  
H J El-Matury ◽  
S Ginting ◽  
N F Zebua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Visible Region ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanism

Abstract Free radicals can cause various degenerative diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. Flavonoids have antioxidant abilities that inhibit damage from free radicals. The roselle antioxidant mechanism is associated with high flavonoid content. Red and purple roselles are two varieties of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) cultivated in Indonesia. The aim of this research was to analyze the differences in flavonoid content and antioxidant activity in the calyces of two varieties of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), red and purple. Total flavonoid analysis and antioxidant activity testing were done by spectrophotometry in the visible region. Total flavonoid content was analyzed by pretreatment with aluminium chloride and sodium acetate. Antioxidant activity was tested with 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl. The total flavonoids for both red and purple roselle calyces ethanolic extract were 27.55 and 39.18 mg quercetin equivalent per gram. The half maximal inhibitory concentration values obtained for both red and purple roselle calyces ethanolic extract a were 51.59 and 42.17 μg/mL. The total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of purple roselle calyces ethanolic extract was higher and stronger than red roselle calyces ethanolic extract.

scholarly journals Optimization of total flavonoid content of ethanolic extract of Persicaria pulchra (Bl.) Soják for the inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-50
Author(s):  
N. H.N. Do ◽  
T. M. Le ◽  
C. D.P. Nguyen ◽  
A. C. Ha
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Extraction Condition ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Optimal Extraction Condition

Objectives. There has been a rapid increase in the number of diabetic patients since the past few decades in developed and developing countries. This rapid increase is accompanied by alarming costs of treatment. α-Glucosidase inhibitors are one of the most effective drugs employed for the reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia to manage Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Additionally, flavonoids, a group of natural substances, which are widely distributed in plants and possess variable phenolic structures, exhibit outstanding hypoglycemic activity and are considered as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors. In Vietnam, Persicaria pulchra (Bl.) Soják (P. pulchra) is employed in traditional medications. It possesses high flavonoid contents and its anti-diabetes ability has been hypothesized, although it has attracted less attention for investigation. Hence, the aim of this study is to optimize the condition of the P. pulchra extract to obtain the highest total flavonoid content and measure the bioactivities of P. pulchra, such as the anti-α-glucosidase and antioxidant activities.Methods. The effects of the extracting conditions, including the temperature, extraction time, liquid-to-solid ratio (LSR), and ethanol (C2H5OH) concentration, on the total flavonoid content are investigated via experiments and analyzed by the response surface methodology (RSM). Concurrently, the optimal extraction also determines the anti-α-glucosidase and antioxidant activities.Results. The optimal extraction condition for the highest flavonoid content (530 mg quercetin/g) is determined in 60 min, at 53°C, with LSR of 9.46 g/g and C2H5OH concentration of 62%. Moreover, the optimal plant extract exhibits good α-glucosidase inhibition with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 22.67 mg/mL, compared to the positive control (acarbose −7.77 g/mL). Additionally, P. pulchra is proposed to be a potential antioxidant with an IC50 of ~12.68 µg/mL.Conclusions. The study confirmed the optimal extraction condition of P. pulchra that will obtain the highest total flavonoid content and revealed the potentials of P. pulchra in α-glucosidase inhibition and antioxidation.

scholarly journals Correlation Between Total Flavonoid Contents and Macrophage Phagocytosis Activity of Fractions From Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) Barks Ethanolic Extract In Vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rima Munawaroh ◽  
Siswadi Siswadi ◽  
Erna Prawita Setyowati ◽  
Retno Murwanti ◽  
Triana Hertiani
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Phagocytosis Activity

On Timor island, Nusa Tenggara Timur, faloak barks (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) has been used empirically to restore stamina. Faloak bark ethanolic extract proved to have immunomodulatory activity in vitro, which can increase macrophage phagocytosis activity. This research aimed: (i) to determine the immunomodulatory active fraction of faloak bark ethanolic extract, (ii) to determine the total flavonoid contents of faloak extract and fractions, and (iii) to evaluate the correlation of the total flavonoid contents of those extract and fractions with their macrophage phagocytosis activity. The simplisia powder is macerated with 96% ethanol. The extract was dissolved in methanol:water (9:1v/v) was then subsequently partitioned with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water to obtain n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, water fraction, and insoluble fraction. Faloak extract and fractions at concentration 62,5; 125; 250; 500μg/mL were tested for their effect on the peritoneal macrophage phagocytosis of Balb/c mice in vitro by the latex beads method. Phagocytosis capacity and phagocytosis index were analyzed using one-way anova and post hoc Tukey HSD test with 95% confidence level. The results showed that ethyl acetate fraction had the highest macrophage phagocytosis capacity and the highest total flavonoid content compared to other fractions. The highest macrophage phagocytosis capacity of ethyl acetate fraction at concentration of 250 μg/mL was 51,94±4,67%, this value was significantly different from cell control (7,50±1,29%), negative controls of 0,0625% dimethylsulphoxide (6,25±0,36%), as well as positive control of 200 μg/mL echinaceae extract syrup® (9,97±0,33%). The total flavonoid content of ethyl acetate fraction determined by aluminum chloride method was 4,290±0.029 mg of quercetin equivalent/g fraction. There was a positive and strong correlation between the total flavonoid content of these extract and fractions with their macrophage phagocytosis capacity (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0,781) and showing linear relationship y=4,721x+19,663; R2=0,61.

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