scholarly journals FORMULASI SEDIAAN SIRUP PENINGKAT IMUNITAS DARI HERBA MENIRAN (Phyllanthus niruri L.)

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 139
Author(s):  
W. O. Sugarda ◽  
K.D.C. Dewi ◽  
K.W.A. Putra ◽  
M.B. Yogiswara ◽  
C.B.A.C. Sukawati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri

Meniran herb (Phyllanthus niruri L.) is a plant that has been scientifically proven to have activity as a natural immunomodulator. The effectiveness of natural immunomodulators from meniran herbs can be improved by formulating the ethanolic extract of meniran herbs into syrup preparations. This research was conducted to find out that the herbal extracts obtained had fulfilled the parameters of extract quality standards so that they could be formulated into pharmaceutical products. Standardization of herbal extracts includes testing of moisture content, testing of total ash content, testing of acid-soluble ash content, and testing of total flavonoid levels. Ethanol extract of Meniran herbs was obtained by maceration using 95% ethanol. Testing the extract moisture content produced extracts with a moisture content of 7.295%. Total ash content was 3%, acid insoluble ash content was 1.2% and total flavonoid content was 3.15%.  Keywords: formulation, immunity, syrup, Phyllanthus niruri L.

Physical Characteristics, Total Phenolic, and Flavonoid Content of Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt Leaves Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 114-119
Author(s):  
I Made Wisnu Adhi Putra ◽  
I Gusti Ayu Wita Kusumawati ◽  
Ni Luh Utari Sumadewi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Coccinia Grandis ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Coccinia grandis (L.) Voigt is an herbal plant that has been widely used for the treatment of various types of diseases. The phenolic and flavonoid content of plant extracts largely determine their pharmacological activity. The aim of this study was to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the ethanol extract of C. grandis leaves. Leaf samples in this study were obtained in the area of ​​Dalung, North Kuta, Badung, Bali. The powdered C. grandis leaf was extracted by maceration method using 70% ethanol followed by evaporation using an oven at 45oC to obtain a thick extract. The non-specific parameters of the extract were then determined, such as moisture content, ash content, and acid insoluble ash. Total phenolic content was determined using the follin-ciocalteu method and total flavonoid content was determined using the aluminum chloride method. Based on the research results, the yield of C. grandis leaf extract was 19.36%. C. grandis leaf extract has a description of a thick and sticky extract, blackish brown color, distinctive aroma, and a bitter sour taste. The water content of the ethanolic extract of C. grandis leaves was 9.93±0.03% (g/g). The total ash value of the simplicia and ethanolic extract of C. grandis leaves were 20.76±0.15% (g/g) and 27.38±0.19% (g/g), respectively. The acid insoluble ash content of the extract was 4.05±0.30% (g/g). The total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the extract were 111.92±0.49 µg GAE/mg dry extract and 73.60±3.53 µg QE/mg dry extract, respectively.

scholarly journals Study on Total Phenolic, Flavonoid and Antioxidant Capacity of Fish Singgang Extracts

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Anis Nafisah Jamain ◽  
Norhaslinda Ridzwan ◽  
Mimie Noratiqah Jumli ◽  
Norhayati Abd Hadi ◽  
Mohd Adzim Khalili Rohin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content

Aim: To evaluate the ash and moisture contents, total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant potential of Terengganu singgang extracts. Study Design: Experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Central Laboratory, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu between April 2019 and July 2019. Methodology: Samples comprised three types of singgang dishes, which were prepared, cooked, and then extracted with distilled water and ethanol (EtOH) in different strengths, 50%, 70%, and 100%. These singgang samples were chub mackerel (ST), Indian mackerel (SK), and a control sample with no fish(SC). Extracts were analyzed for their moisture and ash content. Also, the total phenolic content (TPC) was assayed using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, while total flavonoid content (TFC) using AlCl3 colorimetric assay, and antioxidant activity using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) was also evaluated. Results: Experimental assays showed that the SC sample extracted in 100% EtOH produced the highest yield (3.7%). SK samples were lower than SC and ST in moisture content and ash content with 94.21%, 96.37% and 93.03% moisture content and 0.85%, 0.71%, and 0.96% ash content. Meanwhile, the extract of ST in 100% EtOH yielded the highest TPC (315.0 mg GAE/100g) and T-AC (8.8 U/mL) but the lowest in DPPH scavenging activity (12.2%). On the other hand, the extract of SK in 70% EtOH gave the highest TFC with 6485.3 mg QE/100g. The correlation of TFC and TPC with DPPH and T-AOC assays was positively significant. Conclusion: In conclusion, the ST extract yielded the best antioxidant capacity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial, Thrombolytic, Membrane Stabilizing Activities and Total Flavonoid Content of Various Partitionates of Aerial Parts of Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jalal Uddin ◽  
Azima Sultana Julie ◽  
Md Haider Ali ◽  
Md Nurul Islam ◽  
Shah Alam Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Eclipta Alba ◽  
Microbial Infections ◽  
History Of

Eclipta alba is a medicinal herb belonging to the family of Asteraceae. Locally it is known as Kalokeshi and has a history of ethno-medicinal properties. The crude ethanolic extract of E. alba leaves was partitioned successively by solvents of different polarities. The crude extract along with different partitionates was evaluated for their possible antimicrobial, thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities. In this study, n-hexane soluble fraction (HXSF) showed 55.56% maximum activity against thrombosis in comparison with streptokinase (SK) 62.67%. For hypotonic solution- and heat-induced conditions, the n-hexane soluble fractionate (67.35 ± 0.50%) significantly inhibited the haemolysis of HRBCs by 67.35 ± 0.50% and 62.12 ± 0.69%, respectively as compared to the standard acetyl salicylic acid (77.91 ± 0.29%). The ethanol extract of the plant showed higher inhibitory action against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas fluroescens. The total flavonoid content was quite significant in ethanolic extract (142.17 ± 0.15 mg/g). Hence, the results of the present study revealed that the leaves of this traditional medicinal plant are a remedy for thrombosis, red blood cell membrane stabilization and microbial infections against some human pathogens.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(2): 207-213, 2015 (December)

scholarly journals SPECIFIC AND NON-SPECIFIC PARAMETERS OF SIMPLICIA AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PRASMAN LEAVES (AYAPANA TRIPLINERVIS)

2020 ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
SASMITA RETNO SARI ◽  
BERNA ELYA ◽  
KATRIN BASAH
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Flavonoid Content ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Water Soluble Extract ◽  
Safety And Stability

Objective: Ayapana triplinervis (Vahl) R.M.King and H. Rob. leaves can be applied as a diuretic and as an antioxidant. Based on its medicinal properties,A. triplinervis can be used as traditional medicine. Therefore, its quality and safety should be guaranteed, which could be verified based on theoutcomes of standardization processes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate some specific and non-specific parameters of simplicia and 70%ethanolic extracts of A. triplinervis leaves from three regions in Indonesia.Methods: The samples were macerated using 70% ethanol.Results: With regard to the specific parameters of A. triplinervis simplicia, the total water-soluble extract was 18.69–29.30%, the total ethanol-solubleextract was 7.73–11.78%, and the total flavonoid content was 3.31–4.10, expressed as mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g simplicia. With regard to the nonspecificparameters, the total drying losses were 13.61–14.55%, the total ash content was 11.54–11.83%, and the total acid insoluble ash content was1.90–2.66%. In the extracts, the total flavonoid content was 14.94–22.41 expressed as mg RE/g extract, while for the non-specific parameters, the totalwater content was 11.07–12.66%, the total ash content was 10.55–10.89%, and the total acid insoluble ash content was 0.25–0.32%.Conclusion: The parameters identified could be used to determine the safety and stability of extracts and simplicial before administration to treatvarious ailments.

PERBANDINGAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL EKSTRAK ETANOLIK DAUN BELUNTAS (Pluchea indica L.) BERDASARKAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI PELARUT SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETER UV–VIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Danang Yulianto ◽  
Selvi Ratna Savitri
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
The Public ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Background Testing

Background: Testing or analysis of total flavonoid levels of herbal ethanolic extract of beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) leaves has been carried out. Beluntas leaf (Pluchea indica L.) is a traditional medicinal plant that is not widely known by the public about its benefits for various diseases.Objective: to determine an overview of total flavonoid levels between different of variation concentration.Method:Extraction of the compound of beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) leaves was carried out by maceration method using 100 mL of aquadest and 100 mL of ethanol - aquades mixture withethanol96% (v / v) concentrations, ethanol 70% (v / v), ethanol 50% (v / v), and ethanol 30% (v / v) for 24 hoursrespectively. Phytochemical screening continued with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). While the measurement of the levels of flavonoid compounds in the sample was conducted out by the UV-Vis spectrophotometer methodResult:Phytochemical screening using TLC on beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) leaves is known to contain flavonoidsrespectively. The measurement results of total flavonoids in aquadest extract amounted to 1.94% (b / b), whereas in ethanol extract 96% -aquadest was 16.62% (b / b), ethanol extract - aquadest 70% by 33.80% (b / b), 50% ethanol - aquades was 30.29% (b / b) and 30% ethanol - aquades was 15.27% (b / b). The results of measurements of total flavonoid levels in beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) leaves stated that the highest total flavonoid content obtained in 70% ethanol extract was 33.80% (b / b), followed by 50% ethanol was 30.29% (b / b), 96% ethanol 16.62% (b / b), 30% ethanol was 15.27% (b / b), and 30% distilled water was 1, 94% (b / b).

Validasi dari Spektrofotometri UV-Vis dan Kandungan Total Flavonoid Ekstrak Etanol dari Akar Alang-Alang (Imperata cylindrica) dan Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica) Anita Puspa Widiyana

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 126-136
Author(s):  
Anita Puspa Widiyana ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Chemical Compounds ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Validation Testing

Validation as a quality control for the content of chemical compounds from natural ingredients. One of the chemical constituents is the flavonoids which are found in the Imperatacylindrica roots and Centella asiatica leaves. This study aims to ensure the analysis method meets the requirements and determines the levels of flavonoids. The research stages included extraction, validation and determination of total flavonoid. Extraction was carried out by immersing dry simplicia in 96% ethanol solvent for 3x24 hours. The solvent is evaporated using a rotary evaporator until a thick extract is formed. Validation testing includes linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ. Determinationof the total flavonoid was carried out by measuring the absorption at a maximum wavelength of 428.2 nm. The validation results includethe correlation coefficient (R) of 0.998, precision % RSD <2 %, %accuracy 99,53-97,98%, LOD 3.02ppm and LOQ 9.15 ppm. The total flavonoid of the ethanol extract of Imperata cylindrica roots was 36.39 ± 0.08 mg/g QE and Centella asiatica leaves was 102.10 ± 0.08 mg/g QE. The conclusion is that the method used met the validation requirements and the total flavonoid content of the ethanol extract of Centella asiatica leaves was higher than Imperata cylindrica roots

scholarly journals The Combination of Ethanol Extracts of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme and Piper crocatum increase the Macrophage Phagocytosis In Vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Reynelda Juliani Sagala ◽  
Retno Murwanti
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis

Research on the activity of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume and Piper crocatum have been conducted and showed various immunomodulatory activity. This study aims to investigate the immunomodulatory activity of the combination of the ethanolic extracts of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Typhonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume, and Piper crocatum by determining its macrophages phagocytic index and macrophages phagocytic capacity. Therefore, such a combination could be an alternative drug to increase immune response. In this study, the extraction procedure was carried out through maceration by using an ethanolic solvent. Combinations of herbs ethanol extract were varied in four groups of combination, at three different concentrations of 1 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, and 100 μg/ml for each group. Macrophages were isolated from the peritoneum cavity of male mice (Mus musculus), and its phagocytic activity was quantified through the Leijh method (1986). The phagocytic index and phagocytic capacity of macrophages were determined by using latex beads as a trigger of phagocytosis and compared with negative controls of media, DMSO, and four groups of ethanolic extract combinations in different concentrations. The results indicate that all of combination group ethanol extract with a concentration of 10 μg/ml was significantly (p<0.05) optimum activated phagocytic index. Therefore the combination of Phyllanthus niruri Linn, Piper crocatum, and Thyphonium flagelliforme (Lodd.) Blume ethanolic extract might be prospective to increase nonspecific immune response.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity Analysis and Standardization of Parkia speciosa (Petai) Pods Ethanol Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najma Annuria Fithri ◽  
Fitrya Fitrya ◽  
Tia Shabrina ◽  
Diva Yulanri
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Structural Stabilization ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Research Outcome ◽  
Phenolic And Flavonoid

Parkia speciosa (petai) pods are rarely used and considered as waste despite their phenolic and flavonoid content. Phenolic and flavonoid content in plants are known to exhibit antioxidant activity. Antioxidants are known to potentially act agains radical and mediate the damage by structural stabilization. This research was conducted to analyze the antioxidant potential of petai pods using DPPH method. Analysis showed the IC50 of petai pods ethanolic extract was 75.72 ppm, which indicate strong acting antioxidant. Standardization of extracts were determined to manage the quality of extract, including the analysis of density, water content, ash values, and quantification of total phenolic and flavonoid content. Research outcome indicate the extract retain its quality during storage and use which confrmed to standardization requirements of water content and ash values. Total phenolics and flavonoid obtained were 272.45 mg/gGAE and 243.2029 mg/gQE respectively. Based from this research, petai pods ethanolic extract present strong antioxidant activity which was contributed by high existing content of flavonoid and phenolic compounds.

scholarly journals The Effect of Combination of Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium Polymers to The Physical Properties of Celery (Apium graveolens L.) Ethanolic Extract Patch

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Dian Eka Ermawati ◽  
Galuh Kartikasari
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Folding Endurance ◽  
Gastric Irritation

Celery herbs (Apium graveolens L.) contain apigenin compounds (flavonoids) that are effective as antihypertensiv. Celery herbs used in the form of decoction and oral preparations have a deficiency that is voluminous and can cause gastric irritation. Patches were chosen because it can prevent gastric irritation and reduce the frequency of drug administration because the drug is delivered over the skin with a long duration. This study aimed to know the effect of variations in the ratio of the concentrations of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC sodium) polymers to the physical properties of celery herbs ethanol extract patch.This study was conducted with maceration of celery herbs using 96% ethanol and then dispersed in patch made with variations in the concentrations ratio of HPMC and CMC sodium polymers of 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3. Patches were tested for physical properties including organoleptic, pH, thickness, weight, folding endurance, and moisture content. Statistical analysis of test data used One Way ANOVA and Paired Samples T Test.The results of statistical analysis showed that the increase concentrations ratio of CMC sodium polymer in the combination of HPMC and CMC sodium polymers could increase the thickness, weight, and moisture content of celery herbs ethanol extract patch. The best patch was formula 2 with the same concentration ratio of HPMC and CMC sodium polymers because it showed the best results with a pH 6,12-6,29, thickness 1,37-1,53 mm, weighting 2,24-2,52 gram, folding endurance more than 300 times, and the moisture content was quite stable.  

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document