POTENTIAL OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF MAHKOTA DEWA LEAVES (PHALERIA MACROCARPA (SCHECFF.) BOERL.) TO INHIBIT INFLAMMATION IN MOUSE DISTAL COLON INDUCED BY DEXTRAN SODIUM SULFATE (DSS) AND AZOXYMETHANE (AOM)

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-105
Author(s):  
MUHAMMAD ILHAM DHIYA RAKASIWI ◽  
KUSMARDI KUSMARDI ◽  
ARI ESTUNINGTYAS ◽  
ARYO TEDJO
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Objective: To demonstrates the ability of P. macrocarpa leaf extract to reduce inflammation of the distal colon in DSS/AOM-induced mice. Methods: In vivo experimental research using Balb/c mice induced by 0.2 ml azoxymethane (AOM) 0.1% once and 1% dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) for one week; additionally, ethanol extract of P. macrocarpa leaves, 25 mg and 50 mg, and 0.84 mg acetosal were given orally. The mice were sacrificed after 20 w. Histopathological examination (hematoxylin-eosin staining) was conducted by counting the average number of goblet cells per crypt, inflammatory focus and angiogenesis. Results: Ethanol extract of P. macrocarpa leaves was able to prevent the decrease in the number of goblet cells (p<0.05). However, the administration of ethanol P. macrocarpa leaf extract could not reduce focal inflammation and angiogenesis in inflammation of the distal colon. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of the Mahkota Dewa leaves is able to prevent inflammation of the distal colon by preventing the decrease in the number of goblet cells.

Potential of Phaleria macrocarpa Leaves Ethanol Extract to Upregulate the Expression of Caspase-3 in Mouse Distal Colon after Dextran Sodium Sulphate Induction

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Kusmardi Kusmardi ◽  
Elvan Wiyarta ◽  
Ari Estuningtyas ◽  
Nurhuda Sahar ◽  
Yurnadi Hanafi Midoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa

ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECT OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF MAHKOTA DEWA [PHALERIA MACROCARPA (SCHEFF. BOERL)] LEAVES IN MOUSE COLITIS INDUCED BY AZOXYMETHANE (AOM) AND DEXTRAN SODIUM SULFATE (DSS): FOCUS ON RECTAL TISSUE

2020 ◽  
pp. 106-110
Author(s):  
AFID BRILLIANA PUTRA ◽  
KUSMARDI KUSMARDI ◽  
ARYO TEDJO ◽  
ARI ESTUNINGTYAS ◽  
MUHAMMAD ILHAM DHIYA RAKASIWI
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulfate ◽  
Glass Slides ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa ◽  
Colitis Model

Objective: In this study, we aim to analyze the effect of this ethanol extract on the average number of goblet cells per crypt, number of inflammatory foci and number of angiogenesis in the rectal tissues of mice colitis-model that induced by azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS). Methods: This study was carried out by experimental in vivo using Balb/c mice. The mice were divided into five groups of treatment: normal, negative control (AOM/DSS), positive control (AOM/DSS+aspirin), EMD25 (AOM/DSS+25% ethanol extract) and EMD12.5 (AOM/DSS+12.5% ethanol extract). The mice were euthanized and their rectal tissues were placed on glass slides for histopathological observation using haematoxylin–eosin staining. Results: The administration of the ethanol extract of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaves cannot inhibit the decrease in the average number of goblet cells per crypt (p=0.450) and cannot reduce the number of inflammation foci (p=0.146) and the number of angiogenesis (p=0.728). The ethanol extract of mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) leaves could not inhibit the inflammation induced by AOM/DSS in the rectal tissues of mice. However, the extract has a tendency to maintain the average number of goblet cells per crypt. Conclusion: Ethanol extract of Mahkota Dewa leaves can inhibit inflammation in mice's rectal tissue.

scholarly journals SUPPRESSION EFFECT OF MAHKOTA DEWA (PHALERIA MACROCARPA) LEAF EXTRACT IN CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLES ON THE SMALL INTESTINE OF DEXTRAN SULFATE SODIUM-INDUCED MICE: FOCUS ON MITOSIS AND HYPERPLASIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Kusmardi Kusmardi ◽  
Arif Ramadhan Tamzir ◽  
Santi Widiasari ◽  
Ari Estuningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Dextran Sulfate ◽  
Dextran Sulfate Sodium ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa

Objective: The incidence of small intestine cancer (SIC) is rising despite available preventive measures. Kaempferol and quercetin are a potential chemopreventive agent for SIC, but in vivo findings are inconclusive. We aim to study the effects of kaempferol and quercetin on colitis-associated small intestine carcinogenesis in mice.Methods: Suppression effect was tested using mice divided into 6 groups of treatment, i.e.; normal (N) group, negative control (NC), leaf extract (medium dose [MD]) dose 12.5 and 25 mg/kg body weight (BW), leaf extract chitosan and nanoparticle of mahkota dewa (NPMD) dose 6.25 and 12.5 mg/kg BW. Dextran sulfate sodium induction of 1% w/v was administered through drinking water for 6 weeks of treatment. The suppression effect was observed histopathologically by counting the mitotic cells and hyperplasia cells of the crypt of small intestine with hematoxylin-eosin staining.Results: Mitosis cells mean of NC group was not significant difference either with MD 12.5 (p=0.394) or MD 6.5 (p=0.310). However, mitosis cell mean appears to be lower in the NPMD 12.5 (p=0.09) and NPMD 6.25 (p=0.05) groups than the NC group. There was a significant difference among the mean of hyperplasia NC group and MD and also NPMD group. Significant difference also can be showed between MD 12.5 and MD 25 (p=0.026), and between NPMD 6.25 and NPMD 12.5 (p=0.002), and between MD 12.5 and NPMD 12.5 (p=0.002).Conclusion: Our results demonstrate suppression of hyperplasia small intestine by either nanoparticle or extract of Phaleria macrocarpa extracts. The suppression of mitosis was showed by administration of nanoparticle.

scholarly journals Somatostatin does not attenuate intestinal injury in dextran sodium sulphate-induced subacute colitis

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. van Bergeijk ◽  
M. E. van Meeteren ◽  
C. J. A. M. Tak ◽  
A. P. M. van Dijk ◽  
M. A. C. Meijssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Acute Colitis ◽  
Inflammatory Score ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Intestinal Macrophage

From severalin vitroandin vivostudies involvement of som atostatin (SMS) in intestinal inflammation emerge. Acute colitis induced in rats is attenuated by the long-acting SMS analogue octreotide. We studied the potential beneficial effect of SMS on non-acute experimental colitis. BALB/c mice received either saline, SMS-14 (36 or 120 μg daily) or octreotide (3 μg daily) subcutaneously delivered by implant osmotic pumps. A non-acute colitis was induced by administration of dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) 10% in drinking water during 7 days. DSS evoked a mild, superficial pancolitis, most characterized by mucosal ulceration and submucosal influx of neutrophils. Neither SMS-14 nor octreotide reduced mucosal inflammatory score or macroscopical disease activity, although reduction of intestinal levels of interleukin1 β (IL-1 β), IL-6 and IL-10 during DSS was augmented both by SMS and octreotide. A slight increase of neutrophil influx was seen during SMS administration in animals not exposed to DSS. In conclusion, SMS or its long-acting analogue did not reduce intestinal inflammation in non-acute DSS-induced colitis. According to the cytokine profile observed, SMS-14 and octreotide further diminished the reduction of intestinal macrophage and Th2 lymphocyte activity.

scholarly journals Diminished nitroprusside-induced relaxation of inflamed colonic smooth muscle in mice

1998 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. van Bergeijk ◽  
H. van Westreenen ◽  
P. Adhien ◽  
F. J. Zijlstra
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Smooth Muscle Contraction ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Nitric Oxide Donor ◽  
Colonic Tissue ◽  
Dextran Sodium Sulphate

The dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) induced colitis in mice was used as a experimental model to study the contractility of murine longitudinal colonic smooth muscle during inflammation. Smooth muscle segments of proximal, middle and distal colon were mounted in organ baths . Smooth muscle contraction was induced by carbachol, showing an aboral increase in activity, where as in the inflamed middle colonics egment a marked decr ease in activity was observed. The dilatative effect of sodium-nitroprus -side (SNP) as a nitric oxide donor was investigated after precontraction by carbachol. Both in normal and DSS segments administration of SNP to isolated mouse colonic smooth muscle preparations caused regional differences in relaxation, the highest relaxation seen in normal proximal colonic tissue. However, this relaxation was markedly reduced in inflamed proximal preparations , associated with a diminished cGMP contents .

scholarly journals Phytoconstituents Isolation and Hepatoprotective Activity Potential of Averrhoa bilimbi Leaf Extract

2021 ◽  
pp. 573-581
Author(s):  
Raghavendra Prabhu ◽  
Ronald Fernandes ◽  
K. Adarsha Govinda
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Plant Chemical

Objective: To isolate and evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of the crude ethanolic leaf extract of Averrhoa bilimbi Methods: The leaves of Averrhoa bilimbi were extracted by cold maceration using ethanol as a solvent, and the solvent fractions were obtained with petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. Preliminary phytochemical tests were performed for the presence or absence of secondary metabolites. Plant chemical constituents were isolated using column chromatography and characterized by IR,1HNMR,13CNMR and mass spectroscopic values. Albino rats were treated with the vehicles (distilled water or 2% Tween 80), three different doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) of the crude ethanol extract and the standard drug (silymarin 100 mg/kg), and the hepatotoxicant paracetamol. Then, the levels of biomarkers of liver injury – such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) – and liver function such as bilirubin were measured along with histopathological examination. Results: Preliminary phytochemical studies shown the presence of n-docosanoic acid and beta sitosterol from petroleum extract and from ethyl acetate a flavonoid apigenin.The ethanol extract suppressed the plasma levels of AST, ALT and ALP (P=0.05) in the aforementioned doses. Maximum hepatoprotective activity was observed at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight. Conclusion: Averrhoa bilimbi is endowed with hepatoprotective activity, probably with the presence its chemical constituents like sterols,flavonoids and terpenoids.

scholarly journals Potential Inhibition by Phaleria macrocarpa Leaves Ethanol Extract on Ki-67 Expression in Distal Colon Mouse

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-449
Author(s):  
Kusmardi Kusmardi ◽  
Elvan Wiyarta ◽  
Ari Estuningtyas ◽  
Nurhuda Sahar ◽  
Yurnadi Hanafi Midoen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Phaleria Macrocarpa

scholarly journals PHYSICAL STABILITY TEST AND ETHANOL CREAM IRRITATION TEST OF Moringa oleifera L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-195
Author(s):  
Nining Sugihartini ◽  
◽  
Zainab Zainab ◽  
Aji Pamungkas ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Stability Test ◽  
Irritation Test ◽  
Topical Dosage ◽  
Moringa Leaf Extract

The development of topical dosage forms of Moringa leaf extract cream has been carried out because of its properties that can moisturize the skin. A pharamceutical preparation must meet the requirements of stability and non toxic. The study aimed to determine the effect of variations un the concentration ethanol extract cream of Moringa leaf of physical stability and irritability. Ethanol extract of Moringa leaves was obtained by maceration method with 50% ethanol solvent. The extract was then formulated in the form of O/W base scarring with concentrations of 1% (F1), 3% (F2), and 5% (F3). Creams were evaluated for physical stability including mechanical tests (centrifugation) and physical stability at room temperature (25 ± 2oC) with parameters pH, viscosity on days 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28. In addition, creams were also evaluated for their irritability in vivo with using test animals (rabbits). The data obtained were analyzed using one-way ANOVA test. The results of the physical stability test showed that an increase in the concentration of Moringa leaf extract caused an increase in viscosity (P <0.5) and a decrease in pH (P <0.5) but did not affect physical stability (mechanical test) and its irritating effect. F2 (1%) has a pH of 7.61 while F4 (5%) is 7.01. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that variations in the concentration of ethanol extract of Moringa leaves can affect the physical stability of the cream and do not affect its irritation properties. Moringa leaf ethanol extract cream with a concentration of 5% (F4) has physical stability and does not irritate the skin better than other formulas.

scholarly journals Distribution of duck-origin parvovirus over time in Cherry Valley ducks in vivo and histopathological investigation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Chen ◽  
Qihui Luo ◽  
Jing Xu ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Wentao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Goblet Cells ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
Myocardial Cells ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Main Target ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin ◽  
Histopathological Investigation ◽  
Over Time

AbstractIn 2015, we successfully isolated a strain of duck-origin parvovirus from Cherry Valley ducks, which we named QH-L01. In this study, duck-origin parvovirus in Cherry Valley ducks was quantified and localized by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC), and pathological damage to the tissues and organs was observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining). qPCR showed that the viral load was higher in the spleen, brain, lung, cecum, ileum, and duodenum over time. The results from IHC experiments showed positive reactions in hepatocytes, epithelium of the lung atrium, myocardial cells, goblet cells of the intestine, and brain cells. Primary histological examination revealed pulmonary lobule depletion and dilation in the lung as well as necrosis and erosion of the villus tips in the duodenum, ileum and cecum. This study is the first demonstration that duck-origin parvovirus can be transmitted from the spleen to the brain and lung, resulting in proliferation and dissemination of the virus to the cecum, ileum, duodenum and other tissues through the blood. The lung, duodenum, ileum and cecum may thus represent the main target tissues and organs for duck-origin parvovirus.

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