scholarly journals PROPERTIES, PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATION AND VARIOUS TECHNIQUE OF CHEMICAL MODIFICATION IN NATIVE STARCH: A DESCRIPTIVE REVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
BISHAL JYOTI BORDOLOI ◽  
BHUPEN KALITA ◽  
DIBYENDU SHIL
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Thickening Power ◽  
And Storage

Starch is one important natural polymer that finds application in the formulation of dosage forms as the binder, disintegrates, diluents, gelling agent etc. Starch is drawing the attention in drug delivery as it is cheap, non-toxic, renewable, biodegradable and compatible with many other materials for industrial application. Starch has vital intrinsic properties that have made its pharmaceutical applications possible. It has also been used for a wide range of particular drug delivery applications, such as the delivery of challenging molecules and targeting to specific sites in the body. Starches are integrally unsuitable for most applications such as loss of viscosity and thickening power upon cooking and storage, retrogradation characteristics and absence of certain groups responsible for a particular function etc. So, in order to reduce its limitations and improve its applications, modification of starch is necessary. It can be modified by several ways like chemical modification, physical modification and genetic modification but the most important one is the chemical modification. This review summarizes the properties and application of native starchin conventional drug delivery systems within a world of dynamic drug production technology. It also describes the chemical modification like cross-linking, esterification, etherification and dual modification of starch.

scholarly journals Polymer-Drug Conjugates as Nanotheranostic Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Sajana Manandhar ◽  
Erica Sjöholm ◽  
Johan Bobacka ◽  
Jessica M. Rosenholm ◽  
Kuldeep K. Bansal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Body ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Imaging Characteristics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Systemic Side Effects ◽  
Theranostic Agents ◽  
The Stability

Since the last decade, the polymer-drug conjugate (PDC) approach has emerged as one of the most promising drug-delivery technologies owing to several benefits like circumventing premature drug release, offering controlled and targeted drug delivery, improving the stability, safety, and kinetics of conjugated drugs, and so forth. In recent years, PDC technology has advanced with the objective to further enhance the treatment outcomes by integrating nanotechnology and multifunctional characteristics into these systems. One such development is the ability of PDCs to act as theranostic agents, permitting simultaneous diagnosis and treatment options. Theranostic nanocarriers offer the opportunity to track the distribution of PDCs within the body and help to localize the diseased site. This characteristic is of particular interest, especially among those therapeutic approaches where external stimuli are supposed to be applied for abrupt drug release at the target site for localized delivery to avoid systemic side effects (e.g., Visudyne®). Thus, with the help of this review article, we are presenting the most recent updates in the domain of PDCs as nanotheranostic agents. Different methodologies utilized to design PDCs along with imaging characteristics and their applicability in a wide range of diseases, have been summarized in this article.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cancer Treatment by using DOXORUBICIN HYDROCHLORIDE LIPOSOMES

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 01-03
Author(s):  
Vinicius LU
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Concentration ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Drug Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Magic Bullet ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Paul Ehrlich

The goal of any drug delivery system is to provide a therapeutic amount of drug to the proper site in the body, to achieve promptly and then maintain the desired drug concentration. Conventional drug delivery system achieves as well as maintains the drug concentration with in the therapeutically effective range needed for treatment only when taken several times a day. This results in a significant fluctuation in drug level (Chien YM., 1992). The concept of designing specified delivery system to achieve selective drug targeting has been originated from the perception of Paul Ehrlich, who proposed drug delivery to be as a “magic bullet”.Controlled & Novel delivery envisages optimized drug in the sense that the therapeutic efficacy of a drug is optimized, which also implies nil or minimum side effects. It is expected that the 21st century would witness great changes in the area of drug delivery. The products may be more potent as well as safer. Target specific dosage delivery is likely to overcome much of the criticism of conventional dosage forms.

CYCLODEXTRIN IN DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATION: A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajveer Bhaskar ◽  
Monika Ola ◽  
Rahul Patel ◽  
Dr. S. S. Chalikwar
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Pulmonary Delivery ◽  
Drug Carriers ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Complexing Agents ◽  
Nasal Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application ◽  
Wide Range

The cyclodextrins have a wide range of applications in various areas of drug delivery and pharmaceutical industry due to their complexation ability and other versatile characteristics. The most popular pharmaceutical application of cyclodextrin is to increase the solubility, stability, safety and bioavailability of drug molecules. The idea of this review article is to solve and study any of the findings and application of cyclodextrin (CD) and their derivatives in different areas of drug delivery. This review article introduce the molecular structure, properties like complexation, solubility etc. of cyclodextrins and targeted on its use for parenteral, oral, ophthalmic and nasal drug delivery. Other routes including dermal, rectal, sublingual and pulmonary delivery are again briefly addressed. The aim of this contribution is to focus on the potential application of chemically altared cyclodextrins as high-performance drug carriers in drug delivery systems with emphasis on the other recent developments. Thus cyclodextrins, because of their continuing ability to find several novel applications in drug delivery, are expected to solve many problems associated with the delivery of different other novel drugs through different delivery routes. Keywords: Cyclodextrin, complexing agents, bioavailability, industrial application

scholarly journals Peptide-Based Drug-Delivery Systems in Biotechnological Applications: Recent Advances and Perspectives

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Tesauro ◽  
Antonella Accardo ◽  
Carlo Diaferia ◽  
Vittoria Milano ◽  
Jean Guillon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Biotechnological Applications ◽  
Wide Range

Peptides of natural and synthetic sources are compounds operating in a wide range of biological interactions. They play a key role in biotechnological applications as both therapeutic and diagnostic tools. They are easily synthesized thanks to solid-phase peptide devices where the amino acid sequence can be exactly selected at molecular levels, by tuning the basic units. Recently, peptides achieved resounding success in drug delivery and in nanomedicine smart applications. These applications are the most significant challenge of recent decades: they can selectively deliver drugs to only pathological tissues whilst saving the other districts of the body. This specific feature allows a reduction in the drug side effects and increases the drug efficacy. In this context, peptide-based aggregates present many advantages, including biocompatibility, high drug loading capacities, chemical diversity, specific targeting, and stimuli responsive drug delivery. A dual behavior is observed: on the one hand they can fulfill a structural and bioactive role. In this review, we focus on the design and the characterization of drug delivery systems using peptide-based carriers; moreover, we will also highlight the peptide ability to self-assemble and to actively address nanosystems toward specific targets.

scholarly journals MICROSPHERE A DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM–A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
pp. 34-41
Author(s):  
MANOJ KUMAR DAS ◽  
ABDUL BAQUEE AHMED ◽  
DIPANKAR SAHA
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Central Place ◽  
The Body ◽  
Polymeric Membrane ◽  
Conventional Drug

The targeted drug delivery is designed for endeavoring to concentrate the drug in the tissues of curiosity while reducing relative concentration of medication in the remaining tissues. There for drug is localized on the targeted site. Hence, surrounding tissues are not affected by the drug. Controlled drug delivery system can overcome the problems of conventional drug therapy and gives better therapeutic efficacy of a drug. Microspheres are characteristically free flowing powders consisting of proteins or synthetic polymers having a particle size ranging from 1-1000 µm. The range of Techniques for the preparation of microspheres offers a Variety of opportunities to control aspects of drug administration and enhance the therapeutic efficacy of a given drug. There are various approaches in delivering a therapeutic substance to the target site in a sustained controlled release fashion. Microspheres has a drug located centrally within the particle, where it is encased within a unique polymeric membrane. In future various other strategies, microspheres will find the central place in novel drug delivery, particularly in diseased cell sorting, diagnostics, gene and genetic materials, safe, targeted and effective in vivo delivery and supplements as miniature versions of diseased organ and tissues in the body.

scholarly journals Microbial production of histamine and the imperatives of processed food consumption

Bio-Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1317-1327
Author(s):  
James Nnabuike Ezema ◽  
Esther Chinedu Agbo ◽  
Emmanuel Aniebolam Eze
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fermented Foods ◽  
Histamine Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Processing And Storage ◽  
Protein Rich ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Temperature Time

Food processing and storage increase the value chain of food items, both for commercial purposes and for future use by peasant producers. The roles of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts in the processing of dairy, brewed, bakery and traditionally fermented foods cannot be over-emphasized. These organisms improve the nutritional contents and organoleptic properties of these foods. However, certain undesired products, especially from protein-rich foods, notably, biogenic amines often characterize the process. This is usually a physiologic response by the organisms to the food environments such as pH, and is often influenced by temperature, time and salt concentration.  Histamine production during such a process often results in the accumulation of exogenous histamine in the foods, thereby constituting health hazards to the consumers. Histamine food poisoning affects virtually every system of the body due to the widespread physiological roles of histamine in the body, presenting a wide range of symptoms that make diagnosis difficult. More regulated scientific approaches should be adopted by food processors and handlers especially in the developing countries where technologies may not be available.

scholarly journals SOME MULTIFUNCTIONAL LIPID EXCIPIENTS AND THEIR PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
RAJNI DEVI ◽  
SHWETA AGARWAL
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oral Formulations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Water Soluble Drugs ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Compritol 888 Ato ◽  
Lipid Excipients ◽  
Delivery Models

This review is generally focussed on lipid-based excipients in solid oral formulations which increase its bioavailability. Several approaches have been used to deliver the drug efficiently in the body, and lipid excipients are one of the promising drug delivery systems which address challenges like solubility and bioavailability of water-soluble drugs. Lipids excipients can be tailored to meet a wide range of product requirements like disease indication, route of administration, stability, toxicity, and efficacy. This review discusses novel lipids like Compritol 888 ATO, Dynasan 114, and Precirol ATO 5 and how these can be employed for devicing efficient drug delivery models and thereby have used in cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

scholarly journals CRYPTOSOMES: A REVOLUTIONARY BREAKTHROUGH IN NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiswarya M. U. ◽  
Keerthana Raju ◽  
Revathy B. Menon ◽  
Lakshmi V. S. ◽  
Sreeja C. Nair
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Delivery System ◽  
Delivery System ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Phosphatidyl Ethanolamine ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Novel Drug

The vesicular drug delivery systems are promising approaches to overthrown the problems of drugs having lesser bioavailability and rapid elimination from the body. The four type of lipid based drug delivery systems are: solid-lipid particulate system, emulsion based system, solid lipid tablet and vesicular system. Cryptosomes, a novel emerging vesicular drug delivery system which can overcome the disadvantages associated with conventional drug delivery systems like high stability, increased bioavailability, sustained release, decreased elimination of rapidly metabolizable drugs etc. The word Cryptosome was orginated from Greek word ‘’Crypto’’ means hidden and ‘’Soma’’ means body. It is formed from the mixture of phospholipids like distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine-polyethylene glycol (DSPE-PEG) with distearoylphosphatidylcholine. These entire information regarding its origin and formation is explained in Dinesh Kumar et al. Vesicular systems symbolizes the use of vesicles in the different fields as carrier system or additives. This review disclose various vesicular drug delivery system and point out the advancement of cryptosome in the world of drug delivery.This review would help researchers involved in the field of vesicular drug delivery.

Pharmaceutical Advances in Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes for Improved Bioavailability of Poorly-Soluble Drugs

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2894-2905
Author(s):  
Ganesh Raosaheb Godge ◽  
Shivanand Hiremath ◽  
Bhakti Sonawale ◽  
Rani Shirsath
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Inclusion Complexes ◽  
Drug Carrier ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Formulation Development ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Pharmaceutical Application ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Solubility Enhancers

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are commonly used in drug formulations as solubility enhancers because of their ability to form water-soluble inclusion complexes with poorly water-soluble drugs. Cyclodextrins are useful molecular chelating agents. The cyclodextrins have a wide range of applications in different areas of drug delivery and pharmaceutical industry due to their complexation ability and other versatile characteristics. Orally administered drugs completely absorb only when they show fair solubility in gastric medium and such drugs shows good bioavailability. The solubility and dissolution properties of drugs play an important role in the process of formulation development. The most common pharmaceutical application of cyclodextrin is to enhance the solubility, stability, safety and bioavailability of drug molecules. Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides which have recently been recognized as useful pharmaceutical excipients. As a result of molecular complexation phenomena CDs are widely used in many industrial products, technologies and analytical methods. The negligible cytotoxic effects of CDs are an important attribute in applications such as drug carrier, food and flavors, cosmetics, packing, textiles, separation processes, environment protection, fermentation and catalysis. The objective of this review is to discuss and summarize some of the findings and applications of cyclodextrin and their derivatives indifferent areas of drug delivery. The paper also highlights important CD application in drug solubility and dissolution, bioavailability, safety and stability, their use as excipients in drug formulation, design of various novel delivery systems like liposome, microspheres, microcapsules, and nanoparticles. 

Magnetic Drug Targeting: Drug Delivery in Large Vasculature

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Schmieg ◽  
Alicia Williams ◽  
Pavlos Vlachos
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Targeting ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Magnetic Drug Targeting ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Treatment Practices ◽  
Conventional Drug ◽  
Novel Drug

Magnetic drug targeting (MDT) is a novel drug delivery method with potential to dramatically revolutionize clinical approaches of the treatment of many diseases. In fact, MDT has been proposed for ailments ranging from vascular disease to cancer [1, 2]. Conventional drug delivery methods utilize large doses of medication to account for the dispersion of the drug throughout the body in the hope that a sufficient concentration of medicine arrives at the diseased site. Unfortunately, many medications can have caustic effects on healthy systems leaving patients with discomfort, weakened immunity or lowered quality of life. Alternatively, MDT aims to reduce potentially harmful global dosage levels by localizing medication at the diseased site. Additionally, magnetic drug targeting not only reduces chemicals seen by healthy areas of the body, it may provide a higher concentration of drug capable of remaining at the damaged location for a longer duration than typically seen for current treatment practices. Possibly the most important advantage of MDT is the method’s ability to enhance delivery while providing no additional invasive procedures.

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