scholarly journals ZINC AND CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION TO COMBAT CADMIUM INDUCED BIOACCUMULATION IN FRESH WATER TELEOST OREOCHROMIS MOSSAMBICUS (TILAPIA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obaiah Jamakala ◽  
A. Usha Rani
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Oreochromis Mossambicus ◽  
Freshwater Teleost ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Fresh Water Teleost ◽  
Cd Exposure

Objective: The present work was carried out to know the therapeutic role of zinc (Zn) and calcium (Ca) supplementation to combat cadmium (Cd) induced toxicity in selected tissues of freshwater teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) exposed to Cd.Methods: The freshwater fish, Oreochromis mossambicus (Tilapia) was brought from the local ponds and were allowed for acclimatization to the laboratory conditions. After acclimatization, fishes were exposed to 1/10th of LC50/48 hr of Cd i.e.5 ppm for 7, 15 and 30days (d) long sojourn. After 15d Cd exposure, fish were divided into three groups. The 1st group was supplemented with Zn at a dose of 1 ppm; Group–II was supplemented with Ca at the dose of 1 ppm and Group–III received a combination of both Zn and Ca at the above said doses for 7, 15 and 30d. After specific time intervals, fish were sacrificed and liver, kidney, brain, gill and muscle tissues were isolated in ice cold conditions. Then the tissues were used for bioaccumulation studies.Results: A significant (P<0.05) elevation was observed in bioaccumulation levels during Cd exposure. The high amount of Cd accumulation was found in 30d Cd-exposed kidney (22.353±0.410 µg/g) followed by other tissues. After supplementation with Zn and Ca, Cd accumulation was progressively decreased in all the test tissues. The maximum percentage of Cd depletion was found in 30d Ca-supplemented muscle tissue.Conclusion: Our findings clearly envisage that the Zn and/or Ca supplementation is very effective in reducing the Cd toxicity in the teleostean fish, Oreochromis mossambicus.

Role of Histamine and Leucotaxin in Function of Cellular Defense Mechanism

1956 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Kátó ◽  
Béla Gözsy
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Flow ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Cellular Defense ◽  
Intradermal Administration ◽  
Flow Through

Experiments are presented to the effect that in an inflammatory process histamine and leucotaxin appear successively at different and orderly time intervals, thus assuring an increased fluid flow through the capillary wall. Histamine is released not only in the inflammatory process but also by intradermal administration of such substances (volatile oils or their components) which induce neither the triple response of Th. Lewis nor any tissue damage. This could be explained by the fact that in the tissues histamine is ‘present’ but leucotaxin is ‘formed.’

scholarly journals Group III phospholipase A2 downregulation attenuated survival and metastasis in ovarian cancer and promotes chemo-sensitization

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Upasana Ray ◽  
Debarshi Roy ◽  
Ling Jin ◽  
Prabhu Thirusangu ◽  
Julie Staub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Phospholipase A2 ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Metabolic Inhibitor ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Ciliated Cells ◽  
Group Iii

Abstract Background Aberrant lipogenicity and deregulated autophagy are common in most advanced human cancer and therapeutic strategies to exploit these pathways are currently under consideration. Group III Phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-III/PLA2G3), an atypical secretory PLA2, is recognized as a regulator of lipid metabolism associated with oncogenesis. Though recent studies reveal that high PLA2G3 expression significantly correlates with poor prognosis in several cancers, however, role of PLA2G3 in ovarian cancer (OC) pathogenesis is still undetermined. Methods CRISPR-Cas9 and shRNA mediated knockout and knockdown of PLA2G3 in OC cells were used to evaluate lipid droplet (LD) biogenesis by confocal and Transmission electron microscopy analysis, and the cell viability and sensitization of the cells to platinum-mediated cytotoxicity by MTT assay. Regulation of primary ciliation by PLA2G3 downregulation both genetically and by metabolic inhibitor PFK-158 induced autophagy was assessed by immunofluorescence-based confocal analysis and immunoblot. Transient transfection with GFP-RFP-LC3B and confocal analysis was used to assess the autophagic flux in OC cells. PLA2G3 knockout OVCAR5 xenograft in combination with carboplatin on tumor growth and metastasis was assessed in vivo. Efficacy of PFK158 alone and with platinum drugs was determined in patient-derived primary ascites cultures expressing PLA2G3 by MTT assay and immunoblot analysis. Results Downregulation of PLA2G3 in OVCAR8 and 5 cells inhibited LD biogenesis, decreased growth and sensitized cells to platinum drug mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and in in vivo OVCAR5 xenograft. PLA2G3 knockdown in HeyA8MDR-resistant cells showed sensitivity to carboplatin treatment. We found that both PFK158 inhibitor-mediated and genetic downregulation of PLA2G3 resulted in increased number of percent ciliated cells and inhibited cancer progression. Mechanistically, we found that PFK158-induced autophagy targeted PLA2G3 to restore primary cilia in OC cells. Of clinical relevance, PFK158 also induces percent ciliated cells in human-derived primary ascites cells and reduces cell viability with sensitization to chemotherapy. Conclusions Taken together, our study for the first time emphasizes the role of PLA2G3 in regulating the OC metastasis. This study further suggests the therapeutic potential of targeting phospholipases and/or restoration of PC for future OC treatment and the critical role of PLA2G3 in regulating ciliary function by coordinating interface between lipogenesis and metastasis.

scholarly journals Potential Risk of Consuming Vegetables Planted in Soil with Lead and Cadmium and the Influence on Vegetable Antioxidant Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3761
Author(s):  
Wen-Lii Huang ◽  
Wei-Hsiang Chang ◽  
Shu-Fen Cheng ◽  
Huai-Yuan Li ◽  
Hsiu-Ling Chen
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Cd Exposure

Once in soil and water, metals can enter the food chain, and the consumption of contaminated crops can pose a serious risk to human health. This study used pot experiments to evaluate the accumulation of metal elements and their influence on levels of antioxidants in vegetables. The current study clearly demonstrates that metals accumulated in the five vegetables that were planted in the contaminated soils, especially so for water spinach. Cd accumulation of all of the vegetables planted in the contaminated soils was greater Cu. The low accumulation rate that was seen in sweet potato leaf, potato, and tomato indicated their suitability for planting in suspected contaminated soil, such as at farms nearby metal industries, in replacement of high accumulators, such as leafy vegetables. The non-carcinogenic HI of Cd exposure from water spinach and sweet potato were >1, whereas those for Cu were <1. This study suggests that residents may experience health risks due to vegetable consumption, and that children are vulnerable to the adverse effects of heavy metal ingestion.

Genoprotective role of vitamin E and selenium in rabbits anaesthetized with sevoflurane

2004 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cetin Kaymak ◽  
Ela Kadioglu ◽  
Hulya Basar ◽  
Semra Sardas
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Comet Assay ◽  
Antioxidant Supplementation ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Sevoflurane Anaesthesia ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii

In this study, genotoxic effects of repeated sevoflurane anaesthesia were investigated in rabbits with or without antioxidant supplementation. Twenty-one New Zealand male rabbits were included in the study and randomized into three groups as: placebo treated (Group I), vitamin E supplemented (Group II) and selenium supplemented (Group III). Vitamin E and selenium were given intraperitoneally for 15 days before anaesthesia treatment. Anaesthesia was administered using 3% sevoflurane in 4 L/min oxygen for a 3-hour period and continued for 3 days. Blood samples were collected before anaesthesia (Sample 1), after the first, second and third days of sevoflurane administration (Sample 2, Sample 3 and Sample 4 respectively) and the last samples were taken 5 days after the last sevoflurane administration (Sample 5). Genotoxic damage was examined using the comet assay. The degree of damage is assessed by grading the cells into three categories of no migration (NM), low migration (LM) and high migration (HM) depending on the fraction of DNA pulled out into the tail under the influence of the electric field. The number of comets in each sample was calculated (1 × number of comets in category NM + 2 × number of comets in category LM + 3 ×number of comets in category HM) and expressed as the total comet score (TCS), which summarizes the damage frequencies. In Group I, a significant increase in the mean TCSs was observed for Samples 3 and 4 as compared with Sample 1. However, there were no significant differences between Samples 1, 2 and 5. The mean TCS of Sample 4 was significantly higher than Sample 1, 2 and 3 in Group II. Group III demonstrated no significant mean TCSs for any experimental conditions. Statistical differences were also observed between the groups with significant P values. This experimental study points out the presence of DNA damage with repeated sevoflurane anaesthesia and the genoprotective role of antioxidant supplementation on DNA damage in mononuclear leukocytes of rabbits by highly sensitive comet assay.

Role of salicylic acid in regulation of cadmium toxicity in wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Moussa ◽  
S. EL-Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Pyruvate Carboxylase ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Carboxylase Activity ◽  
Bisphosphate Carboxylase ◽  
Cd Accumulation ◽  
Phosphoenol Pyruvate ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Aba Content

Treatment with CdCl 2 (0, 100, 400 and 1000 μM) resulted in the inhibition of root dry biomass and root elongation and to increased Cd accumulation in the roots. These treatments also decreased the relative water content, chlorophyll content, 14 CO fixation, phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase activity and abscisic acid (ABA) content, while increasing the malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and free proline contents and causing changes in the chloroplast and root ultrastructure. Pretreatment of seeds with SA (500 μM) for 20 h resulted in the amelioration of these effects.

Role of insulin and branched-chain amino acids in regulating protein metabolism during fasting

1990 ◽  
Vol 258 (6) ◽  
pp. E907-E917 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Frexes-Steed ◽  
M. L. Warner ◽  
N. Bulus ◽  
P. Flakoll ◽  
N. N. Abumrad
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Insulin Dose ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tissue Sensitivity ◽  
Branched Chain ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Dose Dependent

This study examines the independent effects of insulin and amino acids on protein metabolism after a 12-h and 4-day fast in healthy volunteers. Leucine (Leu) kinetics were examined during sequential insulin infusions of 0 (group I) or 0.0125 (groups II and III), 1.2, and 10 mU.kg-1.min-1. Plasma Leu was maintained at 12-h fasted levels in groups I and II and at 84-h fasted levels in group III. Four-day fast (vs. 1 day, P less than 0.01) was associated with a 79% drop in plasma insulin and elevations in plasma Leu (122%), Leu rates of appearance (Ra) (21%), and Leu oxidation (56%), and no change in nonoxidative rates of disappearance (Rd). Insulin resulted in a dose-dependent suppression of endogenous Leu Ra with group III = I greater than II. Leu oxidation rose 1.7-fold in group III at the highest insulin dose but remained stable in the two other groups. In conclusion, 4-day fasting is associated with enhanced proteolysis and Leu oxidation with no change in nonoxidative Rd (protein synthesis). Elevated branched-chain (and other) amino acids were required to restore tissue sensitivity and specificity to the effects of insulin on protein metabolism after 4 days of fasting.

A perspective on role of calcium and vitamin D in cardiovascular outcomes and lipid profile

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Arora ◽  
Harmeet Singh Rehan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

AbstractRecent concerns on increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke on administration of calcium and vitamin D supplements have alarmed the physicians about safety of these drugs. Although both calcium and vitamin D have been shown in the past to have beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease status through lowering of harmful lipids, these findings have been contradicted by some recent meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials that have shown no beneficial or in some cases a deteriorating effect of these supplements on lipid levels. In particular, calcium supplementation has been associated more with increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity than vitamin D, but the convincing proof is still lacking. Here we have highlighted the results of some significant studies that might impact the prescription of these drugs.

Endothelin effects in isolated, perfused lamb lungs: role of cyclooxygenase inhibition and vasomotor tone

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (2) ◽  
pp. H443-H450 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Toga ◽  
J. Usha Raj ◽  
R. Hillyard ◽  
B. Ku ◽  
J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Vasomotor Tone ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibition ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Arteries And Veins

We have determined the sites of action of endothelin-1 (ET) in the lamb pulmonary circulation. The influence of cyclooxygenase inhibition and baseline vasomotor tone on ET effects was also studied. Lungs of 14 lambs (6-9 wk of age, 12.1 +/- 0.6 kg body wt) were isolated and perfused with blood. Group I lungs (n = 5) were untreated, group II lungs (n = 5) were treated with indomethacin to inhibit cyclooxygenase, and group III lungs (n = 4) were treated with indomethacin and a thromboxane A2 analogue, U-46619, to elevate vasomotor tone. All lungs were perfused with constant flow in zone 3, with left atrial and airway pressures being 8 and 6 cmH2O, respectively. We measured pulmonary arterial pressure and, by the micropuncture servo-null method, pressures in 20- to 50-microns diameter subpleural venules, both before and after each dose of ET was infused (50, 100, 250, and 500 ng/kg). Group I lungs, with high baseline vasomotor tone, exhibited a biphasic response to ET; 50-100 ng/kg of ET dilated both arteries and veins, whereas 500 ng/kg of ET constricted both arteries and veins. In group II lungs with low vasomotor tone, all doses of ET caused constriction of arteries only. In group III lungs (indomethacin treated with elevated vasomotor tone), 50-100 ng/kg of ET caused dilation of arteries and veins, whereas 500 ng/kg of ET induced constriction, this time only in arteries. We conclude that ET has both dilator and constrictor effects in arteries and veins of isolated, perfused lamb lungs. ET-induced arterial and venous dilation is dependent on initial vasomotor tone but not on cyclooxygenase metabolites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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