scholarly journals Эпидемические заболевания в Калмыцкой степи Астраханской губернии в конце ХIХ – начале ХХ в.

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-55
Author(s):  
Alexandr N. Komandzhaev ◽  
◽  
Saglar E. Badmaeva
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Medical Department ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Police Personnel ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Introduction. The article examines the understudied issues of how and to what extent epidemic diseases used to spread across Kalmyk uluses (‘districts’) in the late 19th – early 20th centuries, with special attention be paid to employed control and monitoring methods. The problem was covered in a number of published reports delivered at the First Congress of Astrakhan physicians to have worked in Kalmyk-inhabited lands during the period under study, and the former contain their shared their experiences and valuable findings. Historians hardly ever approached the topic in just a few papers. Goals. So, the work aims at a detailed survey of epidemic diseases in the Kalmyk Steppe of Astrakhan Governorate in the late 19th – early 20th centuries. Materials and Methods. The study employs a set of general scientific and specific historical research methods. The observance of the historicism principle made it possible to avoid modern misinterpretations of the century-old events examined, while system-analysis techniques and interdisciplinary approaches resulted in that certain specific events of Kalmyk life were analyzed as parts of an overall picture. The article mainly explores and newly introduces materials of the Medical Department — a healthcare agency within the Kalmyk People’s Administration — currently stored at the National Archive of Kalmykia. Results. Despite the remoteness of Kalmyk nomadic settlements (Kalm. khoton) from administrative centers and first-aid stations, healthcare practitioners still were efficient enough to promptly respond in case of epidemic outbreaks. Besides treatment proper, the medical, administrative and police personnel were largely responsible for quarantine and disinfection activities, medical examination and supervision of people living around the periphery of the effective disease area. Conclusions. The analysis of materials dealing with the issue reveals Kalmyk districts were widely affected by epidemic diseases, such as typhus, smallpox, measles, diphtheria and others, while cholera and plague were not that often. It should be admitted that the frequent occurrence of those diseases in medical records across the Kalmyk Steppe was determined by their endemicity to have resulted from a number of reasons.

scholarly journals Из опыта борьбы с эпидемическими заболеваниями в Калмыкии: эпидемия чумы 1914 г.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-545
Author(s):  
Alexandr N. Komandzhaev ◽  
◽  
Saglar E. Badmaeva ◽  
Natalia P. Matsakova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Historical Methods ◽  
Arid Territories ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Introduction. The article analyzes the anti-plague efforts launched in the Kalmyk Steppe in 1914. The topic remains understudied in domestic historiography, and only a few papers dealing with Kalmykia’s public healthcare history contain occasional mentions of some epidemic diseases. So, the 1914 plague epidemic has been overlooked as well. And the study proves even more relevant nowadays when humanity is globally facing COVID-19 threats. Goals. The paper specifically aims to provide insight ― on the basis of primary archival sources newly introduced into scientific circulation ― to the struggle against plague in the Kalmyk Steppe in June and July of 1914. Materials and Methods. The work employs general scientific and specifically historical methods, with emphasis be laid on the principle of historicism, method of systemic analysis, and interdisciplinary approach. The latter is particularly important when it comes to examine an epidemic in a nomadic society across arid territories ― and all that took place over 100 years ago. The article deals with archival documents stored at the National Archive of Kalmykia (Kalmyk People’s Administration collection). Those files included in the catalogue of Public Healthcare Department contain materials on three episodes of plague in June and July of 1914, and prove instrumental in reconstructing the actual events in detail. Results. The article chronicles the dramatic vicissitudes of the 1914 plague epidemic in Kalmykia, and shows that all required and justified disinfection measures were assumed, e.g., a strict quarantine was established in the affected areas, sick individuals were isolated and healthy ones evacuated to a safe distance. The doctors were conducting a total inspection of the population in areas adjacent to those of outbreaks, which was followed by two more weeks of observations.

scholarly journals WORLD EXPERIENCE OF TAX AND FEES MANAGEMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-103
Author(s):  
Natalia Ostrovska
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
The State ◽  
Direct Result ◽  
Main Task ◽  
Intergovernmental Transfers ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Tax Regimes ◽  
General Scientific

Introduction. Given the deepening disparities in the economic and social system of the state, political confrontations, resulting in imbalances in public finances and increased debt risks, the tax component should be the basis for the formation of budgetary resources of the state. State revenues determine the social and economic level of development of regions and countries, as well as financial support of the population. Looking at this, the main task of the state is to balance its revenues with expenditures. Since a significant excess of expenditures over revenues lead to an economic crisis, rising public debt, the budget deficit of others. The tax component is the basis for the formation of state budget resources in an unstable fiscal space. This is an important link that contributes to the development of social and economic relations and requires constant monitoring. Methods. The study uses the fundamental provisions of economic theory, tax theory, as well as studies of domestic and foreign scholars. General scientific principles of conducting complex scientific researches were used to solve the set tasks. In the process of research a number of general scientific methods were used, in particular: analogies, logical generalization and system analysis. Results. Based on the selected problems, the foreign experience of such countries as the USA, Germany, Canada, France, Japan, Australia, Great Britain and Italy was studied, on the basis of which the prospects of improving the collection of taxes and fees in Ukraine were singled out. Discussion. In order to solve the problems of collecting taxes and fees, it is necessary to: gradually shift the fiscal burden towards direct taxes, which will be a direct result of increasing the dependence of public authorities on the economic development of the territory; the preservation of the current rather high role of intergovernmental transfers is a consequence of the strong differentiation of regions according to the level of social and economic development and the objective necessity in modern conditions; competition between regions should, first of all, be carried out at the expense of formation of a favourable business environment: improvement of investment climate, development of infrastructure, reduction of administrative barriers, instead of establishment of preferential tax regimes. Prospects for further research on the collection of taxes and fees may be to strengthen the study not only of the level of tax burden, but also the optimal combination of direct and indirect taxes. Keywords: taxes, tax system, budget, budget revenues.

METHODOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EXISTING PRACTICE OF UNIVERSITY TRAINING IN TERMS OF GRADUATES' INTEGRATED COMPETENCIES

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Strelnikov
Keyword(s):  
Professional Activity ◽  
Scientific Process ◽  
Educational Productivity ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approaches ◽  
Educational Integration ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Scientific Competence ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
University Training ◽  
Training Practice

The article presents the results of the methodological analysis of the existing practice of University training in terms of graduates' integrated competencies. The analysis was carried out at the general philosophical (system and genetic approaches), general scientific (process-effect approach), specific scientific (competence, personal-activity and situation-problem approaches) and methodological and procedural levels (integrative and interdisciplinary approaches). Systemic shortcomings that impede the educational productivity of the existing training practice in terms of the efficiency of educational integration are identified and described. The definition of educational integration is given as the process of integration of individual competencies acquired by a student in the process of mastering individual disciplines into a single system totality, which is an integral tool for the graduate's professional activity.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR MANAGING THE ECONOMIC BEHAVIOR OF AN INDUSTRIAL PARK

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
D. S. MIRONOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Economic Behavior ◽  
Industrial Park ◽  
Conceptual Basis ◽  
Management Decisions ◽  
Main Interest ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
General Scientific

In this article, using general scientific methods, the existing approaches to making management decisions in the process of implementing one or another variant of the economic behavior of an industrial park are analyzed. The results of the system analysis revealed that most approaches do not fully take into account the peculiarities of the economic behavior of the industrial park, depending on the interests of residents and resource suppliers. The main interest groups and conceptual basis for choosing an option for such behavior are presented.

Current State of Legislation, Law Enforcement and Judicial Practice in the Sphere of Conclusion, Modification and Termination of Lease Agreements for Land Plots, Concluded for Construction Purposes

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
V. V. Cheremukhin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Synthesis System ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Current State ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Construction, as a sphere of the national economy, has impressive statistical indicators, determining the importance and relevance of its proper legal regulation, especially in terms of land use for relevant purposes. This article discusses the current situation in the sphere of provision of land plots for construction purposes, further alteration and termination of the relevant lease relations; provides a detailed analysis of the current legislation, law enforcement and judicial practice in such sphere. The purpose of the article is to analyze and summarize legislation judicial and law enforcement practice in this area, as well as the development of specific directions for a comprehensive dissertation research, proposals for improving the legislation regulating these relations. This goal is achieved by solving tasks such as studying of the existing legal regulation of disputed legal relations, law enforcement and judicial practice, identification of problematic and conflict-of-laws issues in the field under consideration, review of the degree of scientific development of the research topic, determination of trends in the development of this sphere of legal relations, development of specific proposals for changing legislation and law enforcement practice. General scientific (synthesis, system analysis, analogy) and special (formal-legal, comparative-legal) methods are used to solve the above problems. Based on the results of consideration of these issues, the author formulates the main problems of the legal relations under consideration, an assessment of the current degree of scientific development of this field is given, the main directions of the planned scientific research are also outlined, proposals are formulated to improve legislation and law enforcement practice.

scholarly journals MEDICATION SYSTEM: ANALYSIS OF ACTIONS TAKEN BY PROFESSIONALS IN PSYCHIATRIC UNITS

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristela Monteschi Souta ◽  
Paulo Celso Prado Telles Filho ◽  
Kelly Graziani Giacchero Vedana ◽  
Luiz Jorge Pedrão ◽  
Adriana Inocenti Miasso
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Electronic Prescription ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exploratory Survey ◽  
Psychiatric Units ◽  
Pharmacy Data ◽  
Electronic Prescriptions

ABSTRACT This study analyzed the medication systems in psychiatric units of a general hospital and a psychiatric hospital in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. It is a quantitative and cross-sectional, exploratory survey study with 144 professionals from the areas of medication, nursing and pharmacy. Data were collected by direct, non-participative observation and by medical records review. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Factors that affect patient safety, such as interruptions during prescription, handwritten changes to electronic prescriptions, limited handling of the electronic prescription system, unavailable clinical pharmacy, mistakes in activities related to the preparation and administration of medications and other factors were identified. The study reveals the susceptible points for the occurrence of medication errors in psychiatric hospitalization departments and discusses recommendations and technological resources that can promote security in the medication system.

scholarly journals Modern trends in the development of world hotel business

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Global Business ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Global Tourism ◽  
General Scientific ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality Industry ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

The relevance of the study is explained by the fact that today the global tourism and hospitality industry is in tough conditions of competition for each client and is forced to react very quickly to external changes in business conditions. At the same time, despite the unstable economic and political situation in the world, the hotel and tourism business continues to grow rapidly. The growth of tourism all over the world causes an active expansion of the offered hotel services. The subject of this research is the innovation in the hospitality industry in the direction of increasing the competitiveness of modern forms of the hotel business. The goalof the article is to study current trends in the development of the global hotel business. The object is a study of the development of the global hotel business. As a general scientific method, system analysis is used, as well as logical and historical research methods. As a result of the study, the following results were obtained: in order to manage the operation of a hotel enterprise, it is necessary to constantly update it and maintain it in the state provided for by the standards and technical conditions, to ensure the rhythmic provision of services of a certain quality. The management of the development process of a hotel enterprise is aimed at changing its state, turning it into a corresponding to the modern high world achievements of the hotel industry. Conclusions: analysis, research and use of the current global business trends by hotels, first of all, the active use and development of IT and software for mobile phones influences the improvement of service quality, competitiveness and reputation of the hotels, makes it attractive and unique to customers.

scholarly journals INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE OF ASSESSMENT OF CREDIT CAPACITY OF BORROWERS BY COMMERCIAL BANKS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Ostrovska
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Bank Lending ◽  
Management Skills ◽  
Loan Portfolio ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Credit Risks ◽  
Scientific Principles ◽  
General Scientific

The country's economy is still in a state where its development is hampered by the lack of clearly defined, priority programs to stimulate entrepreneurship and industries, including through credit. Bank lending to businesses is an effective way out of the crisis. The strengthening of the role of credit relations as a means of stimulating the development of production is manifested in various aspects. The purpose of the article is to analyze and assess the creditworthiness of borrowers by commercial banks in the international space and the possibility of their introduction into the mechanism of bank lending, which is based on world practice. The study uses the fundamental provisions of economic theory, credit theory, banking, as well as studies of domestic and foreign scholars. General scientific principles of conducting complex scientific researches were used to solve the set tasks. In the process of research a number of general scientific methods were used, in particular: analogies, logical generalization and system analysis. Based on the identified problems, foreign experience was studied, on the basis of which the prospects for improving the assessment of creditworthiness of borrowers by commercial banks in Ukraine were identified. Based on studies of various methods of assessing creditworthiness, set out in the economic literature and used in banking practice, the author proposes an improved method of assessing the creditworthiness of a legal entity, which includes analysis of both quantitative and qualitative indicators of the borrower (financial condition, collateral, credit history, management skills). the borrower's ability to repay the loan). This method contains a sufficient, in the author's opinion, a set of indicators that will allow you to make decisions on the loan agreement and minimize credit risks. To reduce the risks of the loan portfolio, measures should be applied both at the level of risk management of the loan portfolio as a whole and at the level of the specific borrower.

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