scholarly journals Post-Exsanguination Vascular Rinsing of Market Hogs and Cull Dairy Cows on Meat Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Kethavath ◽  
L. da Cunha Moreira ◽  
K. E. Hwang ◽  
M. A. Mickelson ◽  
R. E. Campbell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Total Pigment ◽  
Ground Pork ◽  
Chemical States ◽  
The Impact

ObjectivesThe objectives from two separate studies were to determine the meat quality effects of Rinse & Chill® (RC) on market hogs slaughtered under less than ideal harvest conditions (heat stress, warm harvest area, limited cooler air movement) and the impact of RC on commercially harvested cull dairy cows having different body condition scores (BCS).Materials and MethodsImmediately after bleeding, market hogs were conventionally chilled (C, n = 12) or RC processed (RC, n = 13; MPSC Inc.) at the University of Wisconsin harvest facility. RC carcasses were vascularly rinsed (10% of live weight) with an isotonic chilled solution (3°C; 98.5% water; balance: glucose, polyphosphates, maltose). Carcasses were scalded rather than skinned. Carcass temperature (0–24h), carcass cooler shrink, and pH (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 24h) were recorded. At 24 h postmortem (PM), muscles (picnic shoulder, PS;M. Longissimus et lumborum, LL)were further processed (PS: chops, ground pork; LL: chops, ground pork), packaged (polyvinyl chloride, PVC; vacuum, VAC) and displayed continuously (3°C, 1615 lux; 1, 4, 7d PM). Color measurements (CIE L*a*b*, chemical states of myoglobin) along with pH, moisture fat free (MFF), water holding capacity (WHC), oxygen consumption, total pigment, TBARS and hexanal content were determined. Warner-Bratzler shear force on chops aged 4d PM (2°C) were cooked (71°C, endpoint temperature) according to AMSA guidelines.Carcasses from cull dairy cows with two different BCS (Lean, LE; Light, LI) were conventionally chilled (n = 10 each BCS) or RC processed (n = 12 each BCS). Muscles (M. Longissimus et lumborum, LL; M. Triceps brachii, TB) were ground (19mm, 3mm plates), packaged (PVC, VAC) and displayed or stored in the dark. Color, chemical states of myoglobin, pH, temperature, fat content and total pigments were determined. Data were analyzed using PROC MIXED procedures (SAS Institute).ResultsRC resulted in a lower (P < 0.05) pH during the first 4h compared to C.RC ground picnic shoulder was redder (CIE a*), lighter (CIE L*), had greater deoxymyoglobin and less metmyoglobin compared to C (P < 0.05). However, the RC ground loin had less (P < 0.05) oxymyoglobin than C. RC chops (LL) were lighter (CIE L*) and had less deoxymyoglobin compared to C (P < 0.05). RC ground pork had greater (P < 0.05) oxygen consumption. RC pork had lower (P < 0.05) TBARS and hexanal values compared to C. RC did not (P > 0.05) affect cooler shrink, moisture content when assessed on an MFF basis, WHC, purge, cook loss, total pigment and WBS force.RC resulted in a lower (P < 0.05) pH at each time PM than C. C (LE) had a lower pH than C (LI), however pH was not affected by BCS for RC. Generally, RC resulted in lower temperatures during chilling (24h). In LE and LIcows, RC produced greater redness (CIE a*, P < 0.05) associated with blooming and display times. RC LE beef resulted in greater (P < 0.05) oxymyoglobin during all display times, however, RC LI had higher (P < 0.05) deoxymyoglobin on 7d. No differences were found in total pigments.ConclusionFor pork packing facilities that harvest during heat stress times and have less than ideal carcass cooler conditions, RC has the potential to improve color in certain cuts and reduce lipid oxidation. RC on lower quality BCS cull dairy cows has the opportunity to improve color and potentially decrease the incidence of dark cutting beef.

Carcass Traits and Meat Quality Characteristics of Malabari Male Kids Reared under Different Production System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikkagoudara Kotresh Prasad ◽  
John Abraham ◽  
Balusami Chinnappan ◽  
Roshin Anie Jose ◽  
Senthil Murugan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Production System ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Cooking Loss ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
The Impact

Background: The intensive rearing systems of goats needs dietary formulations that will meet animal requirements, mainly the protein and energy to allow optimum growth rate. Alternative systems to attain 15-20 kg body weight by three months of age with better meat quality is need of the hour. Broiler goat production system is most suitable system of rearing for meat goat production. The current study was conducted to examine the impact of broiler goat production system on the carcass traits and meat quality characteristics of Malabari male kids. Methods: Fourteen pre-weaned kids were randomly allotted to two treatments. Treatment-I (T1) kids were allowed to suckle thrice a day during four weeks and twice in a day during consequent weeks. Whereas in Treatment-II (T2), kids were reared intensively by providing finely ground concentrate feed mixed with equal quantity of rice gruel from a feeding bottle after 7 days of colostrum feeding from the mother. The animals were slaughtered at an age of three months and the final body weight, carcass traits like dressing percentage, weight of different body parts and meat quality parameters like pH, color, cooking loss and shear force were analysed. The proximate composition and sensory evaluation was performed. Result: Broiler goat production system could produce significantly (P less than 0.01) higher final average body weight compared to natural system. All the carcass traits were significantly (P less than 0.01) higher in T2. The broiler goat production system could double the net live weight during the same period compared to natural suckling system with higher dressing % and the chevon produced was tender with less cooking loss. Hence, this system can be recommended for chevon production in shorter period with higher dressing % and lesser cooking loss in Malabari male kids.

Determining heat stress effect in Holstein dairy cattle using daily milkyield and meteorological data obtained from public weatherstation in Sanliurfa Province of Turkey

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kemal Yazgan
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Stress Effect ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

The objective of this study was to detect the relationship between weather information, obtained from nearest public weather station, and milk productions of Holstein cows breeding in Sanliurfa province of Turkey. Data used in this study comprised 711,968 first-five parity individual daily milk and live weight records of 939 Holstein cows. Results from this study indicated that using combination of minimum ambient temperature and relative humidity values one day earlier from daily milk yield in temperature – humidity index (THI) formula can be good alternative for determining heat stress in Holstein dairy cows under climatological conditions in Sanliurfa province of Turkey. As a result, this study confirmed that for quantifying heat stress in dairy cows valuable information can obtained from public weather stations.

scholarly journals Impact of Amaranthus hypochondriacus in nutrition for rabbits on meat quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 2713
Author(s):  
RS SHEVCHIK ◽  
YV DUDA ◽  
OG GAVRILINA ◽  
LV KUNEVA ◽  
HV SAMOYLUK
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Amaranthus Hypochondriacus ◽  
Rabbit Meat ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Holding

Unique properties of Amaranthus hypochondriacus have been extensively utilized in the recent time worldwide both in food technologies and husbandry. An intensive growth of Amaranthus hypochondriacus plants has been made in Ukraine there and, respectively, production of foods based on amaranth is growing, however no research on its use for feeding rabbits is available. Therefore, the study aimed to review the impact of Amaranthus hypochondriacus on slaughter features of rabbits, meat quality including those under storage conditions. The California race rabbits of 60 days age were divided into two groups, 28 animals in each. The rabbits in the study group were fed (by adding to the basal diet) with 20% of amaranth oilcake. The rabbits were slaughtered at age of 120 days. The following key features of meat output and quality performance were determined: pH, moisture content, water-holding capacity, cooking losses, protein and cholesterol content as well as change in pH, microorganisms count, and moisture loss percentage during 9-day storage in chilled state. Amaranthus hypochondriacus effect on the rabbit live weight, hot carcass weight, dressing out percentage, percentage ratio of heart, kidney, liver, lung weight to carcass weight, рН, moisture content, water-holding capacity, and meat morphological structure was determined. Reduction in cholesterol level by 15.07% (р < 0.05) in the meat of rabbits that were fed with Amaranthus hypochondriacus was detected. pH and drip loss percentage were not significantly different among the groups in the shelf-life period. However, it was found out that growth of microorganisms in the meat of rabbits that were fed with Amaranthus hypochondriacus was slowed down: microorganisms count was 1.65 and 1.71 (р < 0.05) times lower than in the control group on the 6th and 9th days of storage, accordingly. The low-cholesterol and bacteriostatic effects of amaranth oilcake in the rabbit nutrition may significantly increase dietary properties of rabbit meat. Use of amaranth oilcake for rabbit fattening has great potential and further studies including the mechanism of antibacterial effect of A. hypochondriacus on the rabbit meat are required

scholarly journals A 3-D virtual human thermoregulatory model to predict whole-body and organ-specific heat-stress responses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ginu Unnikrishnan ◽  
Rajeev Hatwar ◽  
Samantha Hornby ◽  
Srinivas Laxminarayan ◽  
Tushar Gulati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Triceps Brachii ◽  
Thermoregulatory Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objective This study aimed at assessing the risks associated with human exposure to heat-stress conditions by predicting organ- and tissue-level heat-stress responses under different exertional activities, environmental conditions, and clothing. Methods In this study, we developed an anatomically detailed three-dimensional thermoregulatory finite element model of a 50th percentile U.S. male, to predict the spatiotemporal temperature distribution throughout the body. The model accounts for the major heat transfer and thermoregulatory mechanisms, and circadian-rhythm effects. We validated our model by comparing its temperature predictions of various organs (brain, liver, stomach, bladder, and esophagus), and muscles (vastus medialis and triceps brachii) under normal resting conditions (errors between 0.0 and 0.5 °C), and of rectum under different heat-stress conditions (errors between 0.1 and 0.3 °C), with experimental measurements from multiple studies. Results Our simulations showed that the rise in the rectal temperature was primarily driven by the activity level (~ 94%) and, to a much lesser extent, environmental conditions or clothing considered in our study. The peak temperature in the heart, liver, and kidney were consistently higher than in the rectum (by ~ 0.6 °C), and the entire heart and liver recorded higher temperatures than in the rectum, indicating that these organs may be more susceptible to heat injury. Conclusion Our model can help assess the impact of exertional and environmental heat stressors at the organ level and, in the future, evaluate the efficacy of different whole-body or localized cooling strategies in preserving organ integrity.

A case study on year round fodder production scheme for smallholder dairy producers in Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 79-102
Author(s):  
NR Sarker ◽  
F Tabassum D Yeasmin ◽  
MA Habib ◽  
MR Amin
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Production Model ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Her Family ◽  
Fodder Production

This study was undertaken to develop a year round fodder production model for small scale dairy farmers. Five pregnant dairy cows of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) genotype were selected. For rearing five cows, 66 decimal of land was selected from existing fodder plots under Pachutia Research Farm at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Savar, Dhaka. The selected land was divided into two parts (33 decimal in each). One part was brought under perennial (Napier-4 and Splendida) and the 2nd part of land for seasonal (Maize & Matikalai) fodder production. Data on live weight and live weight gain of cows, birth weight of calves, feed intake, milk production, actual biomass yield for both perennial and seasonal fodder, yearly manure production were recorded and calculated. Napier-4 grass, splendida, maize, straw, silage were supplied to the experimental cows according to the seasonal availability in different months. Concentrate mixture were also supplied consisting of wheat bran, kheshari (red gram), soybean meal, maize crushed, til oil cake, DCP and common salt. Economics of the model revealed that considering the sale of milk, calves and manure and cost included only feed and land leased, a farm/family rearing 5 indigenous dairy cows with his/her family labours, he/she could earn around BDT 98 thousand in a year (1$ = 85 BDT) and the benefit cost ratio of the model on total variable cost and total cost were 1.86 and 1.66, respectively. Therefore, it may be recommended that a farmer having 5 adult dairy cows with 66 decimal land under fodder cultivation may earn substantial share of his/her family income as small-scale rural dairying. Bang. J. Livs. Res. Vol. 26 (1&2), 2019: P. 89-102

Influence of DAFS-25+polizon composition on blood and functional state of liver of steers at fattening

2020 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
Inna R. Kilmetova ◽  
◽  
Igor A. Rodin ◽  
Nazira I. Khayrullina ◽  
Nikolay G. Fenchenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional State ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Stimulation Of

Summary. The disbalanced feeding and the uneven distribution of micro- and macroelements in the environment leads to a trace element, in particular hypomelanosis. To accelerate the growth and preservation of young farm animals include in the diet of various biological additives and drugs, which include selenium. For stimulation of weight gain in the livestock industry, as well as for the prevention and treatment of pathological processes in addition to micro - and macrouse amino acids, primarily methionine. The aim of this work was to study the influence of composition of DAFS-25+Polizon on morpho-biochemical parameters of blood and functional state of the liver in fattening bulls of black-motley breed in the conditions of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Experiments using were conducted on bull-calves of black-motley breed of the properties in the properties age from 6 to 15 months. The first experimental group during the experiment was additionally given the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg, the animals of the control group received a standard diet. To assess the impact of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon on metabolism cattle studied morphological and biochemical indicators of blood and conducted histological examination of the liver. It is established that the use of the composition of DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg increases the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the experimental group and reduces the amount of white blood cells. The serum content of total protein, phosphorus and calcium increases in the group of experimental animals. Microscopic examination of the liver revealed no changes in the structure of the organ and hepatocytes in the experimental group, whereas in the control group hemodynamic disorders and dystrophic changes in liver cells were observed. Thus, the use of the composition DAFS-25+Polizon at a dose of 2 mg/kg of live weight in fattening bulls black-and-white breed contributes to the increase of redox processes in the body, stimulation of metabolism, prevent the development of liver disorders of cellular mechanisms of metabolism, optimizes the structure of the liver, which generally provides higher productivity.

INFLUENCE OF GREENHOUSE SHADING AND DIFFERENT NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ALLEVIATING HEAT STRESS, IMPROVING PLANT NUTRIENTS STATUS, FLOWERING GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1014
Author(s):  
Sulaiman & Sadiq
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Reproductive Growth ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Nutrition Programs ◽  
The Impact

The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse during 2017 and 2018 growing seasons to evaluate the impact of the shading and various nutrition programs on mitigating heat stress, reducing the use of chemical minerals, improving the reproductive growth and yield of tomato plant. Split-plot within Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications was conducted in this study. Shading factor was allocated in the main plots and the nutrition programs distributed randomly in the subplots. Results indicate that shading resulted in the decrease of daytime temperature by 5.7˚C as an average for both seasons; thus a significant increasing was found in leaf contents of macro nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorous, and Potassium), and micro nutrients (Iron, Zinc and Boron), except the Iron content in 2018 growing season. Furthermore, shading improved significantly the reproductive growth and tomato yield. Among the plant nutrition programs, the integrated nutrient management (INM) including the application of organic substances, bio inoculum of AMF and 50% of the recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; lead to the enhancement of nutrients content, reproductive characteristics and plant yield. Generally, combination of both shading and INM showed positive effects on plants nutrient status and persisting balance on tomato flowering growth and fruits yield.

scholarly journals Review: Impacts of shade on cattle well-being in the beef supply chain

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lily N Edwards-Callaway ◽  
M Caitlin Cramer ◽  
Caitlin N Cadaret ◽  
Elizabeth J Bigler ◽  
Terry E Engle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Stress Susceptibility ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Shade is a mechanism to reduce heat load providing cattle with an environment supportive of their welfare needs. Although heat stress has been extensively reviewed, researched, and addressed in dairy production systems, it has not been investigated in the same manner in the beef cattle supply chain. Like all animals, beef cattle are susceptible to heat stress if they are unable to dissipate heat during times of elevated ambient temperatures. There are many factors that impact heat stress susceptibility in beef cattle throughout the different supply chain sectors, many of which relate to the production system, i.e. availability of shade, microclimate of environment, and nutrition management. The results from studies evaluating the effects of shade on production and welfare are difficult to compare due to variation in structural design, construction materials used, height, shape, and area of shade provided. Additionally, depending on operation location, shade may or may not be beneficial during all times of the year, which can influence the decision to make shade a permanent part of management systems. Shade has been shown to lessen the physiologic response of cattle to heat stress. Shaded cattle exhibit lower respiration rates, body temperatures, and panting scores compared to un-shaded cattle in weather that increases the risk of heat stress. Results from studies investigating the provision of shade indicate that cattle seek shade in hot weather. The impact of shade on behavioral patterns is inconsistent in the current body of research, some studies indicating shade provision impacts behavior and other studies reporting no difference between shaded and un-shaded groups. Analysis of performance and carcass characteristics across feedlot studies demonstrated that shaded cattle had increased ADG, improved feed efficiency, HCW, and dressing percentage when compared to cattle without shade. Despite the documented benefits of shade, current industry statistics, although severely limited in scope, indicate low shade implementation rates in feedlots and data in other supply chain sectors do not exist. Industry guidelines and third party on-farm certification programs articulate the critical need for protection from extreme weather but are not consistent in providing specific recommendations and requirements. Future efforts should include: updated economic analyses of cost versus benefit of shade implementation, exploration of producer perspectives and needs relative to shade, consideration of shade impacts in the cow-calf and slaughter plant segments of the supply chain, and integration of indicators of affective (mental) state and preference in research studies to enhance the holistic assessment of cattle welfare.

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