scholarly journals Knowledge of hypertensive patients on risk factors and warning signs of stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Absar Ahmed Qureshi ◽  
◽  
Shadia Hamoud Alshahrani ◽  
Premalatha Paulsamy ◽  
Dr. Ghadha Mohammed Ali AL –Asbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Stroke Risk Factors ◽  
Study Results

Stroke is the largest cause of death worldwide and the primary cause of disability. As a result, it was required to investigate the level of hypertension patients' knowledge of risk factors and warning symptoms. A descriptive cross- sectional study carried out among 200 hypertensive patients who were selected using purposive sampling technique. The tool was constructed with three sections: demographic data, risk factor awareness, and stroke signs and symptoms. The study results show that he total mean of knowledge on risk factors of stroke was 11.73 with the SD of 2.17 and warning signs was 9.61 with the SD of 1.99. The gender, age and level of education had significant relationship with knowledge of the hypertensive patients on risk factors of stroke at p=0.05 level. The study concludes that the majority of hypertension patients had insufficient understanding of stroke risk factors and warning symptoms. Hence, the first priority should be to raise public knowledge of hypertension and support primary prevention in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality related to stroke. Keywords: Knowledge, Hypertensive Patients, Risk Factors, Warning Signs, Stroke

scholarly journals Risk factors for mortality among inpatients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Hameed ◽  
Faisal Faiyaz Zuberi ◽  
Sagheer Hussain ◽  
Syed Khalid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective: To evaluate risk factors having significant effect on mortality of smear positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) inpatients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University Hospital Ojha Campus, Karachi. One hundred and seventy (170) inpatients of smear positive PTB confirmed by Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear, aged between 13-80 years were enrolled by using consecutive sampling technique while patients with drug resistant Tuberculosis (TB) and extra pulmonary TB were excluded from the study. Selected patients were interviewed for collecting demographic data and risk factor data by using a standard questionnaire. Results: Out of 170 PTB inpatients, mortality was observed in 23 (13.5%) patients among which male patients were 12 (52.2%), and female were 11 (47.8%). Mortality was significantly associated with increasing age (p=0.003), socioeconomic status (p=0.019), anemia (p=0.03), Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) (p=0.005), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (p=0.001), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (p=0.007), Hypertension (HTN) (p=0.006), recurrent TB (p=0.001), and smoking (p=0.001). Conclusion: Increasing age, poverty, smoking history, and presence of comorbidities like DM, CLD, HIV, hypertension, and anemia are associated with higher mortality in smear positive PTB cases. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.919 How to cite this:Hameed S, Zuberi FF, Hussain S, Ali SK. Risk factors for mortality among inpatients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.919 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Hypertensive Patients’ Knowledge of Risk Factors and Warning Signs of Stroke at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addisu Taye Abate ◽  
Netsanet Bayu ◽  
Tesfamichael G. Mariam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Stroke Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stroke Risk Factor ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital

Background. Stroke is a neurological condition which is a major cause of death and disability in many low- and middle-income countries. However, several modifiable risk factors are becoming significant. Hypertension is the most common stroke risk factor globally as well as in our country, Ethiopia. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess hypertensive patients’ knowledge of risk factors and warning signs of stroke at Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018. Method. An institutional based cross-sectional study design was conducted in May 01–30/2018. A total of 278 hypertensive patients were enrolled and systemic random sampling technique was employed to select the study participants. Data was collected through an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The collected data was entered into Epi info 7 and exported to SPSS version 22 for analysis. Binary and multivariable logistic regressions were used and P value ≤ 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result. Out of the total 284 selected hypertensive patients, 278 of them responded completely with a response rate of 97.9 %. Of these, more than three fourths, 214 (77%) and 201 (72.3%), of them did not identify any risk factors and warning signs of stroke, respectively, with an overall proportion of only 18.3% of them having good knowledge towards stroke. Risk factor of stroke most commonly known to the respondents was physical inactivity (21.58%), whereas hypertension was the least described risk factor (3.6%). Regarding stroke warning signs, sudden weakness on one side of the body (35.97%) was the most commonly known warning sign of stroke to the respondents. Being able to read and write, being young, urban residence, and having sufficient monthly income were significantly associated with the overall knowledge of hypertensive patients towards stroke. These findings suggest the need for emphasizing on stroke education regarding its risk factors and warning signs through public or social media and health education targeting to low-income high risk subjects.

Prevalence of Types, Frequency and Risk Factors for Complications after Exodontia

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Dental Trauma ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Impacted Tooth ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Mandibular Third Molars

Background: Exodontia is one of the most frequently carried out procedures by a dental surgeon, mostly on an outpatient department basis. The reasons for performing exodontia include non-restorable teeth, periodontal disease, dental trauma, impacted tooth, orthodontic treatment and toothache. Complications in dental extraction are a commonly encountered problem in dental clinics. This knowledge can help dental surgeons make extractions less invasive, traumatic and complicated, enabling quicker recovery of the socket. The aim of this study was to recognize types, frequency and risk factors for complications after exodontia. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled patients who had exodontia done from July- September 2019, visiting OPD of the Oral surgery department of Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi. Risk factors included demographic data, general health, past medical and dental history. Spearman’s correlation test was used to establish any relationship of variables with complications. Results: The study patients (126) included 72 females (mean age 39.1±13.39) and 54 males (mean age 41.1±14.93). The overall complications rate was found to be 7.1%, mainly arising from maxillary and mandibular third molars. The most common complications encountered were Hemorrhage, Pain, and Trismus. Increasing age and specific teeth extracted were associated with an increased risk for complications. However, post-operative complications which were encountered most of them were minor and handled on an outpatient department basis. Conclusion: Frequency and risk factors for complications after exodontia were found low3 (37.5%). While age and teeth extracted cannot be directly altered, these factors maybe indirectly modified, resulting in a potential decrease of postoperative complications.

scholarly journals High Anti-HCV Seroprevalence and Low Performance of ICT Strip in Diagnosing Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Children in Enugu Metropolis

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Maryann C. Ezeilo ◽  
Godwill A. Engwa ◽  
Romanus I. Iroha ◽  
Damian N. Odimegwu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background:The lack of a vaccine for Hepatitis C virus (HCV) places children at a high risk of contracting the infection. It becomes necessary to accurately diagnose this infection for proper treatment as well as identifying potential risk factors for effective management.Aim:This study was conceived to assess the test performance of the commonly used Immunochromatographic test (ICT) strip and identify the associated clinical manifestations and risk factors of HCV in children in Enugu Metropolis.Method:A cross-sectional study involving randomly selected 270 children below six years of age was conducted in Enugu Nigeria. The subjects were screened for anti-HCV by ICT and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and the demographic, signs and symptoms and risk factors were collected.Results:A total of 50 out of 270 children were positive for anti-HCV with a seropositivity of 18.5%. ICT strip had a very low sensitivity of 38.00% with an accuracy of 88.52% in detecting anti-HCV. The presence of dark urine was associated (p= 0.01) with HCV infection.Conclusion:A seroprevalence of 18.5% of Anti-HCV was found in children below six years old in Enugu metropolis and the performance of ICT in diagnosing HCV infection was poor compared to ELISA.

Medical Student Syndrome in Dental Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 3026-3029
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hassan ◽  
Obaid Bajwa ◽  
Amina Tariq ◽  
Roshaney Aslam ◽  
Aqsa Arif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Medical Student ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Health Issue ◽  
Cross Sectional

Aim: To identify the presence of Medical Student Syndrome in dental students of Lahore compared to non-dental students Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Lahore (Aug 2019 to Nov 2020). A structured questionnaire was adopted, modified and distributed amongst university going dental and non-dental students of various universities in Lahore. The sample selection was done using the cluster and consecutive sampling technique. Results: When asked about worrying too much about being seriously ill, 158(56.8%) of the respondents agreed with the statement. Similarly, when asked about being aware of the sensations occurring in the body, 211(75.8%) participants stated that they were aware of the sensations and critically analyzed them. Amongst the students, 149(53.6%) agreed with the statement that they frequently checked their bodies for signs and symptoms of disease only 62(22.3%) disagreed with the statement and the rest were neutral. Conclusion: To conclude, the Medical Student Syndrome as a separate entity amongst dental students cannot be established as a mental health issue based on the results of this study. However, the presence of hypochondriac behavior amongst the students’ needs to be further evaluated in Lahore. Keywords: Non-dental students, Dental Students, Medical Student Syndrome, Mental Health

Frequency and risk factors of internet addiction in medical students: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Amina Ehsan ◽  
Farwa Iqbal ◽  
Muhammad Azeem Rao
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Online Relationships ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Objectives: The objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of internet addiction and to determine the risk factors associated with internet addiction in medical students. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi from July 2018 to August 2019. Our study population included medical students from all the years of MBBS aged 18-25 years, who have been using the internet for the past two years or more. A Stratified random sampling technique was used. Seventy-six self-administered questionnaires were distributed in each year. Data was entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25). Results: Out of the total sample of 380, the prevalence came out to be 90% (n=342). Two hundred and twenty-two 222 (58.4%) had mild, 115 (30.3%) had moderate, six (1.6%) had severe and 37 (9.7%) had no addiction. Out of the risk factors online friendships (p= 0.007), online relationships (P=0.035), online chatting (p= 0.009), online shopping (p= 0.009), online games (p=0.023) and online series/movies (p< 0.000) were statistically significant. Conclusion: The prevalence of internet addiction is high among medical students, which is mostly of a mild type. Internet addiction is more common in males and non-hostel residents. Other significant risk factors are online relationships, online gaming, and online series/movies. Keywords: Prevalence, internet, medical students, risk factors. Continuous...

scholarly journals The Influence of Socioeconomic Status on the Presence and Degree of Erectile Dysfunction in Men With Coronary Artery Disease—A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 155798831983437
Author(s):  
Lesław Rusiecki ◽  
Romuald Zdrojowy ◽  
Jana Gebala ◽  
Małgorzata Sobieszczańska ◽  
Ryszard Smoliński ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Erectile Dysfunction ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lower Probability ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional

Impairment of social functioning and low economic status may lead to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients with clinically significant CVD. A total of 808 male patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD) were recruited. Socioeconomic and demographic data as well as occupational data and the presence of modifiable risk factors were collected. Erection quality was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5), while physical activity was evaluated using a modified Framingham questionnaire. Relationships among the presence of socioeconomic factors (marital status, education, income, occupational status, nature of work conducted, and demographic data), intensity of ED, and time from diagnosis of IHD were assessed. ED was diagnosed in 618 men (76.49% overall; severe in 23.14%, moderate to severe in 13.11%, moderate in 32.20%, mild in 31.55%). Patients with ED were older (61 ± 8.6 vs. 53 ± 9.1 years; p < .0001), were less active (6.97 ± 2.18 vs. 8.31 ± 2.34 Metabolic Equivalent [METs]; p < .0001), and had more modifiable risk factors (3.4 ± 1.1 vs. 3.2 ± 1.0; p < .0300). Higher education was associated with a lower probability of the occurrence of ED (OR = 0.7546; 95% CI [0.6221, 0.9153]). In patients with newly diagnosed IHD, SES correlated significantly with the presence of ED ( p = .009). Education in patients suffering from CVD has a significant relationship with both the occurrence and degree of ED. Economic status was significantly linked to the presence and degree of ED only in patients with IHD diagnosed less than 2 months before entering the study.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Function Tests in Hypertensive Patients Attending Zewditu Memorial Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mekuriaw Mesfin Birhan ◽  
Yekoye Abebe
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Pulmonary Function Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Memorial Hospital ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertensive Patients

Background. Hypertension imposes stresses on many organs like heart and kidney. However, studies that show the effect of hypertension on the lungs are limited. Objective. To assess pulmonary function status of hypertensive patients aged 30-64 years at Zewditu Memorial Hospital, 2017. Methods. Hospital based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 hypertensive patients (cases) and 61 nonhypertensive clients (controls) aged 30-64 years. Computerized spirometry was done in all cases and controls which were selected by systematic sampling technique. The study was conducted from January 20, 2017, to May 25, 2017. Result. The values of FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75% were 3.52±1.02 liters, 2.97±0.89 liters, and 3.34±1.3 liters/second in hypertensive patients and 4.31±0.82 liters, 3.54±0.7 liters, and 3.94±1.09 liters/second in controls, respectively. These values were significantly lower (p<0.05) in hypertensive patients compared to controls. Restrictive pulmonary defect was dominant in hypertensive patients. FEV1% which was 85%±7% in hypertensive patients and 82%±5% in controls was significantly higher (p<0.05) in hypertensive patients compared to controls. Conclusion. Hypertensive patients exhibit lower pulmonary function values. Routine check-up of the pulmonary function status of such patients should be done to prevent undesired outcomes.

scholarly journals Early Osteoporosis Risks and Associated Factors among Caregivers Working in Disability Institutions: IOF One-Minute Osteoporosis Risk Check

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (9) ◽  
pp. 3319
Author(s):  
Lan-Ping Lin ◽  
Wei-Ju Lai ◽  
Shang-Wei Hsu ◽  
Jin-Ding Lin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Osteoporosis Risk

This study employed the International Osteoporosis Foundation’s One-Minute Osteoporosis Risk Test to examine factors related to the osteoporosis risk of institutional caregivers. In this cross-sectional study, a self-developed structured questionnaire comprising the One-Minute Osteoporosis Risk Test was used to obtain data on the caregivers’ demographic data, health habits, working style, and osteoporosis risk. Seven disability welfare institutions were selected as research sites, and 465 copies of questionnaires were distributed to the institutions’ employees, with 455 valid responses collected for a valid return rate of 98%. SPSS for Windows (Version 20.0) was used to analyze questionnaire data; descriptive-statistical frequency, a χ2 test, and logistic regression were used to determine the correlation between demographic data, health habits, working style, and osteoporosis risk. The results revealed that primary risk factors include <30 min of daily exercise (38%), lack of dairy product or calcium tablet intake (28%), and <10 min of daily outdoor activity or not taking vitamin D supplements (29.9%). In total, 395 (86.8%) of the respondents scored less than 5 in the osteoporosis risk test; the remaining 60 (13.2%) scored 5 or higher, revealing a high risk of early osteoporosis. An independent variable analysis revealed that the risk factors of early osteoporosis include age, education level, having undergone bone density tests, prior disease diagnosis, long-term medication use, physical fitness, dietary habits, and average time of exposure to sunlight. In the multivariate analysis, poor physical fitness (odds ratio [OR] = 2.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–4.27, p = 0.023) and average daily time of exposure to sunlight (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.59–2.59, p < 0.001) were significantly correlated with osteoporosis risk. In other words, respondents with poor physical fitness were 2.18 times as likely to have osteoporosis as those with good physical fitness, and those exposed to sunlight for 30 min or longer every day were 0.24 times as likely to have osteoporosis as those exposed to sunlight for less than 30 min every day. Accordingly, institutions must encourage employees to spend more time in the sun every day and improve their physical fitness through exercise.

scholarly journals Oral Cancer Knowledge and Awareness in Patients Visiting Kantipur Dental College

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipshikha Bajracharya ◽  
Sujaya Gupta ◽  
Manish Sapkota ◽  
Shishir Bhatta
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Background: Lack of knowledge and awareness about oral cancer, its risk factors and negligence of the early warning signs play crucial role in raising the incidence of the disease. The present study was carried out to evaluate the awareness of oral cancer among patients visiting Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal.Methods: The cross-sectional study was done in 471 patients from 15-85 years. Self administered questionnaire was prepared which comprised of knowledge of oral cancer, source of information, its early signs and symptoms along with the awareness of its risk factors.Results: Most of the participants (41.80%) had not heard of oral cancer. 31.60% recognized tobacco smoking and tobacco chewing as the chief risk factor with 15.50% and 10.80% of participants who identified white patch and red patch as early sign of oral cancer respectively. Pearson’s chi square test was used which showed statistically significant association of total mean knowledge score and awareness score with age, education level and occupation (p<0.05).Conclusions: This study done in dental patients showed lack of knowledge and awareness in general public about oral cancer. There seem to be a need for more planned awareness programs through newspapers, radio, television and health campaigns regarding the association of habits in the development of oral cancer and benefits of detecting oral cancer at early stage for better prognosis.

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