scholarly journals Microbes as Bioindicators for Contamination of Shatt Al-Arab Sediments in Basrah, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maha K. Al-Mishrey ◽  
Raghad Shubbar Jaafar ◽  
Mustafa A. Al-Dossary
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Leuconostoc Mesenteroides ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Trichoderma Sp ◽  
Talaromyces Flavus ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Shatt Al-Arab River in Basrah, Iraq represents an important source of fresh water so the current study aimed to determine the extent of pollution of the Shatt al-Arab River with some heavy metals and hydrocarbons by measuring their concentrations in sediment samples collected from different stations along the river, as well as the adoption of biomarkers represented by bacteria and fungi in determining the extents of such pollution. The results indicate that the river is contaminated with the following metals: : Ni, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu and Cd. The total mean concentrations of heavy metals in the exchangeable part were high with 55.23, 53.76, 40.52, 33.84, 32.70 and 14.88 µg/g, respectively. The results also indicated a high concentration of hydrocarbons where the total mean was 28.52 µg/g. Bacteria and fungi represent vital indicators of heavy metals and hydrocarbons pollution in the environment. Different types of bacteria (Sphingomonas paucimobilis, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus thoraltensis, Staphylococcus lentus, Leuconostoc cremoris and Leuconostoc mesenteroides) and fungi (Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Curvularia sp., Eurotium cristatus, Talaromyces flavus, Mucor sp., Rhizopus sp., Trichoderma sp., Dichotomomyces cejpii, and Penicillium spp.) have been isolated from the same sediment. Isolated of specific genera from bacteria and fungi like these isolated in the present study from the sediment of all studied stations reinforce the rest of the results recorded during the current study and confirms the pollution of the river with the studied pollutants.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Microbiological Quality of Vermicompost Prepared from Different Types of Organic Wastes using Eisenia fetida

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachna Kapila ◽  
Geeta Verma ◽  
Aparajita Sen ◽  
Arti Nigam
Keyword(s):  
Hydrolytic Enzymes ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Fertilizer Value ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
Phosphate Solubilizing ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Rhizopus Sp

Background: Vermicomposting is the agricultural technique of conversion of organic wastes to a fertile product, which can result in better crop growth and production. However, even though earthworms are the main organisms participating in the process, the microbes associated with it also have an important role to play. These microbes degrade the waste products biochemically and are responsible of the conversion processes. Few studies are carried out on microbial diversity and related enzymes activities in the vermicompost prepared from different organic waste materials. Methods: In this paper, we isolated both bacteria and fungi from seven different types of vermicompost, using different selective media. We also studied the activity of hydrolytic enzymes that are associated with the isolated microbes.Result: It was observed that bacteria like Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Klebsiella sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Actinomycetes, Pigment producing Actinomycetes, Streptomyces, Azotobactor and fungi like Penicillium purpurogenum, Aspergillus sp., Alternaria alternata, Fusarium solani, Rhizopus sp., Mucor hiemalis, Myrothecium verrucaria etc. were present in our vermicompost preparations. The presence of nitrogen fixing bacteria, phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and PGPR indicated the good fertilizer value of the vermicompost samples. It was also observed that the diversity of microbes present supported significant levels of CMCase Exoglucanase, Xylanase, β-Glucosidase, Phosphatase and Urease activities.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Organic Compounds in Water Samples Collected from Various Sources from Republic of Moldova and Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3570-3574
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Individual Parameter ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

This work presents the study and determination of composition of natural water samples collected from five different types of water sources from Republic of Moldova and Romania: river, lake, spring, fountain and rain. The purpose of this study was to establish whether some of the heavy metals and organic compounds with impact on population health are present in drinking water samples and if their presence falls within the set limits by national regulations. The analysis has been performed using VIS spectrophotometer with RFID technology and individual parameter express cuvette tests for water analysis which allowed ensuring high accuracy of the measurements. Thus, over limits high rates of Pb2+ and Ni2+ have been found in all samples. A high concentration of F- was determined from fountain water - 2.92 mg/L and of Fe from river - 0.701 mg/L, which is twice than admissible values. The lowest concentration has been measured in the rainwater. Keywords: water samples, heavy metals, organic compounds

scholarly journals Pathogenic microorganisms of medicinal herbal drugs

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Stevic ◽  
Snezana Pavlovic ◽  
S. Stankovic ◽  
Katarina Savikin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Rhizopus Sp ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Storage

All the parts of plants (root, leaf, flower) naturally have a high level of microorganisms, bacteria and fungi, especially molds. Microbial contamination could be a result of inappropriate harvesting, cleaning of the raw plant material, unhygienic processing of the plants, unsuitable transport and storage. After examination of over 40 dried medicinal plant species, the lowest microbial quality was determined for Maydis stigma, Mentha leaf and herb, Equisetum herb, Calendula flower, Urtica leaf, Melissa leaf, Serpylli herb, Chamomilla flower etc. Although mixed infections are recorded with different types of fungus, Fusarium was observed as the most dominant genus in most of the tested drugs, followed by Aspergillus and Alternaria. In addition to these fungi species from the following genera were identified: Phoma, Cephalosporium, Nigrospora, Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Gliocladium, Myrothecium, Cercospora, Phomopsis, Verticillium, Dreschlera (=Bipolaris), Rhizoctonia, Septoria, Trichoderma, Curvularia, Stachybotrys, Trichothecium, Puccinia, Botrytis, Mucor and Rhizopus sp., depending on plant species.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Heavy Metals and Organic Compounds in Water Samples Collected from Various Sources from Republic of Moldova and Romania

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 3570-3574
Author(s):  
Carolina Untila ◽  
Mihail Caraman ◽  
Valentin Nedeff ◽  
Narcis Barsan ◽  
Ion Sandu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Rfid Technology ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Individual Parameter ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Drinking Water Samples

This work presents the study and determination of composition of natural water samples collected from five different types of water sources from Republic of Moldova and Romania: river, lake, spring, fountain and rain. The purpose of this study was to establish whether some of the heavy metals and organic compounds with impact on population health are present in drinking water samples and if their presence falls within the set limits by national regulations. The analysis has been performed using VIS spectrophotometer with RFID technology and individual parameter express cuvette tests for water analysis which allowed ensuring high accuracy of the measurements. Thus, over limits high rates of Pb2+ and Ni2+ have been found in all samples. A high concentration of F- was determined from fountain water - 2.92 mg/L and of Fe from river - 0.701 mg/L, which is twice than admissible values. The lowest concentration has been measured in the rainwater.

scholarly journals Quality profile of catfoods

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e54710112239
Author(s):  
André Gomes Faria ◽  
Alexandre José de Oliveira ◽  
Géssica Corrêa ◽  
Édina de Fátima Aguiar ◽  
Luciana Rosa Alves Rufino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Quality Profile ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
The City ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Main Factor

There is a series of feeds aimed at cats in the pet market, amongst which extruded feeds stand out, because their manufacturing process goes through thermal treatment. Such process is the main factor for the reduction of microbial contamination, as well as the action of the water in the feed. This is responsible for controlling degradation by bacteria and fungi after the manufacturing process. After opening the packages, there are several ways and factors that lead to contamination in feed. This study aimed at assessing cat feeds for their microbioligical and brotmathological content.  For this, we analyzed different kinds of cat feed in the original package and traded in bulk, with different types of classification as to their quality. The assessments consisted in finding if the nutrients of the feeds were within the minimum levels required by the Manual Pet Food Brazil (2014). Analyses were performed to determine the presence of Salmonellae spp., Eschirichia coli, coliforms at 35ºC e 45ºC, Aspergillus spp e Penicillium spp; and also, for the existence of aflatoxin in the feeds. The microbiological results showed that the feeds traded unpackaged in the city of Alfenas Minas Gerais obtained results with higher levels of contamination in relation to those traded in their original packaging. This showed that the feeds exposed to the environment may compromise their microbiological quality and endanger the pets’ health. These results prove the need of greater restrictions to the trading of feeds in bulk, so that the degradation of the product is reduced, thus preserving the quality of the feed and the safety of the cats.

scholarly journals The Influence of Some Heavy Metals Content of Substrate and pH on Bioabsorption Level at Six Macromycetes Species Common in Southern Forest of Romania

2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela BUSUIOC ◽  
Carmen Cristina ELEKES ◽  
Cristina RADULESCU ◽  
Nicolae PETRESCU ◽  
Anca GHEBOIANU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Coprinus Cinereus ◽  
Elemental Content ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biological And Environmental Samples ◽  
Different Types

All over the world today is developing more and more the studies concerning biochemical and physiological features of mushrooms (macromycetes) in the view to promote them as biological tools in different types of biotechnologies grace of their bioabsorption capacity for biominerals, heavy, rare or noble metals. Generally the researches are focused on the elemental content of mushrooms (Barros, 2008; Jentschke, 2000; Krupa, 1997, 2004; Yamaca, 2007). This paper is about the level of bioabsorption for some heavy metals inside fruiting body, correlated to the substrate content and pH value. It is possible that one macromycetes species to contain in a high concentration one metal, but to have a low capacity of bioabsorption, the storage level being influenced by the substrate or environmental factors. This study aim is to establish the reality concerning the bioabsorption capacity for heavy metals of following six macromycetes species: Coprinus picaceus, Coprinus cinereus, Pseudotrametes gibbosa, Lyophyllum crassifolium, Paxillus involutus and Phellinus tremulae, grown in condition of natural pH of their substrate in a forestry ecosystem of Dambovita county in south of Romania. The elemental content of biological and environmental samples was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). So, maximum concentration of cobalt was find in fruiting body of Pseudotrametes gibbosa (0,1 ppm), minimum being at fruiting body of Coprinus cinereus (0,002). It was find nickel only in fruiting body of Phellinus tremulae and Pseudotrametes gibbosa.

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION IN COCONUT WATER

1970 ◽  
pp. 07-10
Author(s):  
MdDidarul Islam, Ashiqur Rahaman, Aboni Afrose
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Concentration ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metal ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Wet Ashing ◽  
Aas Method

This study was based on determining concentration of essential and toxic heavy metal in coconut water available at a local Hazaribagh area in Dhaka, Bangladesh. All essential minerals, if present in the drinking water at high concentration or very low concentration, it has negative actions. In this study, fifteen samples and eight heavy metals were analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method which was followed by wet ashing digestion method. The concentration obtained in mg/l were in the range of 0.3 to 1.5, 7.77 to 21.2, 0 to 0.71, 0 to 0.9, 0 to 0.2, 0.9 to 17.3, 0.1 to 0.9, 0 to 0.9 and 0 to 0.7 for Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd, Cr, Zn, Pb and Se respectively. From this data it was concluded that any toxic heavy metals like Cd, Cr, Pb and Ni exceed their toxicity level and some essential nutrients were in low concentration in those samples. 

Assessment of micro and macro nutrients in poultry feeds available in Dhaka city, Bangladesh.

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Md Didarul Islam ◽  
Ashiqur Rahaman ◽  
Fahmida Jannat
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Adverse Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Nutrient Level ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Toxic Heavy Metals ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Feed Formulation ◽  
Macro Nutrients

This study was based on to determine the concentration of macro and micro nutrients as well as toxic and nontoxic heavy metals present in the chicken feed available in Dhaka city of Bangladesh. All macro nutrients, if present in the feed at high concentration have some adverse effect, at the same time if this nutrient present in the feed at low concentration this have some adverse effect too. So that this nutrient level should be maintained at a marginal level. On the other side toxic heavy metals if present in the feed at very low concentration those can contaminate the total environment of the ecosystem. In this study six brand samples (starter, grower, finisher and layer) which was collected from different renowned chicken feed formulation industry in Bangladesh. Those samples were prepared for analysis by wet ashing and then metals were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. It was found that 27.7 to 68.4, 57.3 to 121.9, 0.21 to 4.1, 0.32 to 2.1, 0.11 to 1.58, 0.28 to 2.11 and 0.28 to 1.78 for zinc, iron, copper, mercury, cadmium, nickel and cobalt respectively. It was found that essential macro and micro nutrients were present in the feed in low concentration on the other side mercury was present in high concentration in the feed samples.

scholarly journals A yeast metabolome-based model for an ecotoxicological approach in the management of lignocellulosic ethanol stillage

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 180718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Roscini ◽  
Lorenzo Favaro ◽  
Laura Corte ◽  
Lorenzo Cagnin ◽  
Claudia Colabella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Predictive Model ◽  
Lignocellulosic Ethanol ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Inhibitor Concentration ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Ecotoxicological Bioassay

Lignocellulosic bioethanol production results in huge amounts of stillage, a potentially polluting by-product. Stillage, rich in heavy metals and, mainly, inhibitors, requires specific toxicity studies to be adequately managed. To this purpose, we applied an FTIR ecotoxicological bioassay to evaluate the toxicity of lignocellulosic stillage. Two weak acids and furans, most frequently found in lignocellulosic stillage, have been tested in different mixtures against three Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The metabolomic reaction of the test microbes and the mortality induced at various levels of inhibitor concentration showed that the strains are representative of three different types of response. Furthermore, the relationship between concentrations and FTIR synthetic stress indexes has been studied, with the aim of defining a model able to predict the concentrations of inhibitors in stillage, resulting in an optimized predictive model for all the strains. This approach represents a promising tool to support the ecotoxicological management of lignocellulosic stillage.

Mechanisms and Remediation Technologies of Sulfate Removal from Acid Mine Drainage

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 3252-3256
Author(s):  
Mei Qin Chen ◽  
Feng Ji Wu
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Metal Corrosion ◽  
Sulfate Ion ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Biological Reduction ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Sulfate Removal ◽  
Co Precipitation

Acid mine drainage (AMD) has properties of extreme acidification, quantities of sulfate and elevated levels of soluble heavy metals. It was a widespread environmental problem that caused adverse effects to the qualities of ground water and surface water. In the past decades, most of investigations were focused on the heavy metals as their toxicities for human and animals. As another main constitution of AMD, sulfate ion is nontoxic, yet high concentration of sulfate ion can cause many problems such as soil acidification, metal corrosion and health problems. More attention should be paid on the sulfate ion when people focus on the AMD. In the paper, sulfate removal mechanisms include adsorption, precipitation, co-precipitation and biological reduction were analyzed and summarized. Meanwhile, the remediation technologies, especially the applications of them in China were also presented and discussed.

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