scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Salmonella Isolated from Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam) and Difference of Sulfonamide Resistance Gene Existence in Serovars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Truong Huynh Anh Vu ◽  
Chu Van Hai ◽  
Huynh Yen Ha ◽  
Nguyen Hoang Khue Tu
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Sulfonamide Resistance ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Sulfonamide Group ◽  
Sulfonamide Resistance Gene

In this study, a total of 228 raw meat samples (pork: 76, beef: 76, chicken: 76) and 301 raw seafood samples (fish: 199, shrimp: 67, squid: 35) were collected randomly at traditional markets in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). In meat, the ratio of Salmonella spp. was 70.61% (161/228). Among the contaminated meat samples, pork was infected with a ratio of 90.79 % (69/76) while the contamination ratios in beef and chicken were 43.42% (33/76) and 77.63% (59/76), respectively. Salmonella contamination was detected in fish (40.20%), shrimp (7.46%) and squid (17.14%). Because of sulfonamide group is used in Salmonella treatment, the study focused on sulfonamide resistance. In fresh seafood comparison, there were 32.56%, 40% and 10% Salmonella showing resistance to sulfamethoxazol in fish, squid and shrimp, respectively. In fresh meat comparison, there were 31.58%, 16.67% and 55.56% Salmonella showing resistance to sulfamethoxazol in pork, beef and chicken, respectively. Interestingly, there were 21 serovars including 19 identified serovars including S. Kentucky (8), S. Agona (2), S. Infanis (4), S. Saintpaul (1), S. Indiana (1), S. Braenderup (1), S. Potsman (2) and 2 unidentified serovars showing different phenotype to this antibiotic. Among the 21 serovars, only 23.81% strains carried both genes (sul1, sul2). For the sul1 gene, 61.9% strains were presented while sul2 occupied at a lower rate than sul1 with the rate of 52.38%. The study is very interesting and useful to go more functional analysis in sulfonamide resistance.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp.isolated from raw meats at traditional markets in Ho Chi Minh city

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Huynh Anh Vu Truong ◽  
◽  
Hoang Khue Tu Nguyen ◽  
Van Hai Chu ◽  
Yen Ha Huynh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
And Control

The study’s results on a total of 380 fresh samples of raw meat (pork, beef, chicken) randomly collected at conventional markets of districts in Ho Chi Minh city showed that the prevalence of Salmonella spp. is 42.37%. The prevalence of Salmonella in pork, chicken, and beef were 50.00%, 49.62%, and 26.83%, respectively. The proportion of Salmonella strains that resisted at least 1 antibiotic was 37.89%, from 2 to 5 antibiotics was 22.98%, and from 6 to 11 antibiotics occupied 8.70%, mainly for β-lactams, Tetracyclin, Chloramphenicol, Streptomycin, and Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim antibiotics. In particular, up to 83.72% of the Salmonellastrains carry antibiotic resistance genes (mainly isolated from pork). In antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains, the sul1, cmlA, tetA, sul2, cmlB genes were detected with the rates of 27.90, 23.26, 21.74, 9.30, and 5.59%, respectively. Salmonella strains carrying genes encoding ESBL in the TEM group were 58.14% and 9.30% in the CTX group. This data provided more direct evidence of Salmonellacontamination in food and the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains in Ho Chi Minh city. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish programs to monitor and control Salmonella and the use of antibiotics in Vietnam to protect the health of consumers.

scholarly journals Characteristics of quinolone and beta-lactam antibiotic resistance in Salmonella isolated from raw meat in Ho Chi Minh City

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Anh Vu Truong Huynh ◽  
Khue Tu Nguyen Hoang ◽  
Hai Chu Van ◽  
Ha Huynh Yen ◽  
Duc Nguyen Anh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Acid Resistance ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Beta Lactam ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽  
Lactam Antibiotic ◽  
Meat Samples

In this study, a total of 380 raw meat samples (pork, beef, and chicken) were collected randomly from traditional markets in Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam). Salmonella strains were isolated by cultivation methods according to ISO 6579-1:2017, and subsequently confirmed by PCR method (TCVN 8342:2010). These strains were used to test antibiotic susceptibility in six kinds of antibiotics belonging to two groups of quinolones (nalidixic, ciprofloxacin, and ofloxacin), and β-lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin) together with the detection of their resistant genotypes was estimated by Kirby-Bauer method and multiplex PCR. It was noted that the proportion of Salmonella spp. contaminated samples was 42.37% (161/380). Specifically, Salmonella spp. strains found in 50.00 % (63/126), 49.62% (65/131), and 26.83% (33/123) of pork, chicken, and beef samples, respectively. It was noticed that all isolated strains were resistant to six types of antibiotics. The highest proportion was 22.98% for ampicillin (AM), followed by 10.56% for nalidixic acid (NA). The proportions of amoxicillin/acid clavulanic (AMC), ceftazidime (CAZ), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and ofloxacin (OPX) resistant strains were remarkably low (< 10%). There were 37/161 (22.98%) Salmonella strains carrying TEM genes and 5/161 (3.11%) carrying CTX genes. On the other hand, there was no strain carrying SHV genes. Four quinolone-resistant genes including gyrA, gyrB involved in nalidixic acid resistance, and parC, parE involved in ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin resistance were detected in all Salmonella strains that also carried β-lactamase encoding genes. It is important to note that blaTEM-gyrA/B-parC/E genes were simultaneously found in all tested strains. While the proportion of strains containing blaCTX-gyrA/B-parC/E genes was 40.54%, the proportion of strains carrying blaTEM/CTX-gyrA/B-parC/E genes was 5.41%. The results revealed that raw meat might be contaminated with Salmonella spp. that are highly resistant to β-lactam antibiotics and quinolones. Henceforth, it is necessary to establish monitoring and surveillance programs on Salmonella spp. contamination and their antibiotic sensitivity in Vietnam to protect consumers’ health. The study also provided direct evidence for Salmonella contamination and antibiotic resistance situation in Ho Chi Minh City.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. in snail meat

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 6074-2018
Author(s):  
WALDEMAR PASZKIEWICZ ◽  
KRZYSZTOF SZKUCIK ◽  
MONIKA ZIOMEK ◽  
MICHAŁ GONDEK ◽  
RENATA PYZ-ŁUKASIK
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Cornu Aspersum ◽  
Meat Samples

The objective of the research was to determine the occurrence of microorganisms of the Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. in raw and frozen (cooked) snail meat obtained from both free-living and farmed edible snails. The research material comprised meat samples collected from three snail species (25g from each), that is, Roman snail (Helix pomatia – HP), small brown garden snail (Cornu aspersum aspersum – CAA) and large brown garden snail (Cornu aspersum maxima – CAM). Roman snails came from their natural environment and were harvested in Wielkopolska Voivodeship and Lower Silesia Voivodeship (regions A and B, respectively). The Cornu genus snails were obtained from two heliciculture farms located in the abovementioned voivodeships (farms A and B, respectively). On both farms, the snails were maintained under the mixed rearing system. The raw meat samples taken from the edible portion of snails, that is, the foot with collar and a fragment of the mantle, were obtained after the snails were sacrificed in the laboratory. The frozen meat samples, on the other hand, came from a snail meat processing facility. A total of 300 samples were examined for the presence of Salmonella spp., and 240 for the presence of Listeria spp. The research also included pooled soil samples of 0.5 kg each collected from polytunnels (in the pre-fattening stage) and outdoor farming plots (in the fattening stage). The tests for the Salmonella presence were performed in accordance with Polish standard PN-EN ISO 6579:2003, and the test for Listeria complied with PN-EN ISO 11290-1:1999. Listeria monocytogenes was identified by the PCR technique. Salmonella spp. were not detected in any of the 300 samples of raw and cooked snail meat under study. Nor were these pathogens isolated from the soil samples. The absence of these bacteria in the raw meat samples indicates that Salmonella spp. did not occur in either the natural habitat of Roman snails or the two farms producing Cornu genus snails. On the other hand, bacteria of Listeria spp. were detected in 101 (42.1%) snail meat samples. A particularly high load of microbiota was found in raw meat, as these bacteria contaminated from 60% (for HP from region A and CAM from farm B) up to 75% (for CAA from farm A) of samples. Notably, a markedly lower percentage (35%) of samples containing Listeria spp. was found only among the Roman snail raw meat samples from the region B. Listeria spp. were also detected in all the soil samples. Thermal treatment of meat achieved a substantial reduction in the load of Listeria spp., but did not eliminate it. The frequency of this genus in frozen meat samples was from 63.5% (for CAM from farm A) to 15.4% (for CAA from farm B) of that in raw meat. The PCR technique was used identify 15 selected strains, including 11 from raw meat samples and 4 from cooked meat. A total of 5 isolates were recognized as Listeria monocytogenes (2.1% of all samples examined and 4.95% of samples with Listeria spp.). All of them originated from the raw meat of farmed snails, including one (CAA) from the farm A and four (3 CAA and 1 CAM) from the farm B. Bacteria of the Salmonella and Listeria genera occur in the natural habitat of edible snails, which poses a potential hazard to human health. Effective implementation of control programmes at the primary production stage is the first step that could considerably limit the presence of these pathogens in farmed snails and, consequently, in snail meat. .

scholarly journals Kajian Cemaran Salmonella spp pada Daging Ayam Broiler di Pasar Tradisional dan Modern Kota Bandar Lampung

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Z Zairiful ◽  
Y Sukaryana ◽  
K Maghfiroh
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Chicken Carcass ◽  
Sterile Plastic ◽  
Meat Samples

Food can be a carrier for pathogenic agents that can disease in consumers (foodborne disease). Chicken meat is one of the products from livestock which has a high consumption rate, because besides being easy to obtain, the growth of chickens is fast, and the price is also more affordable compared to large livestock types. Chicken meat is an excellent medium for microbial growth and makes it a perishable food ingredient. Foodborne illness is a disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms that contaminate food, such as Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli (E.coli). Salmonella spp infection can cause salmonellosis which irritates the digestive tract and many of them result in death. This study aims to assess the presence and number of pathogenic microorganisms Salmonella spp in broiler chicken sold in traditional and modern markets in Bandar Lampung. The research was conducted by purposive sampling of 30 chicken meat samples. Broiler chicken carcass samples were taken as whole and then stored in sterile plastic, labeled and put into a cool box filled with ice. The variables observed in this study were the presence and number of Salmonella bacteria. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results of Salmonella spp examination on chicken meat samples in traditional markets in Bandar Lampung City showed a positive  in 1 (one) sample or 6.7%, while in modern markets Salmonella was not found. The presence of Salmonella in chicken meat is thought to be due to contamination from the water used during the process of slaughtering and preparing the carcass, contamination from the carcass slaughtering and selling environment which does not apply good sanitary hygiene and poor personal hygiene of the traders. The conclusion obtained is that the number of Salmonella spp in chicken meat in traditional markets is not in accordance with SNI 7388 of 2009 concerning the Maximum Limit of Microbial Contamination (BMCM) in fresh meat.

scholarly journals Investigation into infectability and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonella spp. isolated from fresh seafood at traditional markets in Ho Chi Minh city

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Vu Truong Huynh Anh ◽  
Khue Tu Nguyen Hoang ◽  
Hai Chu Van ◽  
Ha Huynh Yen ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Traditional Method ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Antimicrobial Drugs ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Fish Samples

In this study, a total of 380 fresh seafood samples (fish, shrimp, squid) were collected randomly at conventional markets of districts in Ho Chi Minh city. Salmonella strains were detected by the traditional method (ISO 6579-1:2017) and conformed by PCR technique (TCVN 8342:2010), serotyping according to ISO/TR 6579-3:2014 and Kirby-Bauer methods evaluated antibiotic resistance's ability. As a result, 85 Salmonella strains were isolated, and the proportion of infection was 22,37% (85/380). The proportion of Salmonella strains that resisted 01 antibiotics was 85,88% (73/85), and 10,59% (09/85) accounted for that of strains that resisted 02 to 05 antibiotics. Also, strains representing resistance towards 06 to 11 antibiotics occupied 4,71% (04/85). Antimicrobial drugs resisted the most were tetracycline 43, 53% (37/85). In contrast, 98,82% (84/85) of Salmonella strains were sensitive to ceftazidime. The proportion of multi-drug resistance was 15,29% (13/85). The familiar combinations of antibiotic resistance were ampicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (AM, STR, TE, SXT), with 46,15% (6/13). There were six distinguished serovars, including S. Kentucky (05 strains); S. Infantis (02 strains); S. Agona and S. Postdam (01 strain); S. Saintpaul, S. Braenderup (01 strain). 92.31% of serovar detected resistance genes (blaTEM, strA: 53.85%; blaSHV: 7.69%; tetA: 92.31%; tetB: 7.69% and sul1: 23.08%). Three serovars with genotype (blaTEM, strA, tetA, sul1) matched the antibiotic resistance phenotype (AM, STR, TE, SXT), namely S. Kentucky (02) and S. Saintpaul (01), the both isolated from fish samples.

scholarly journals Multidrug Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Detection of mcr-1 Gene in Salmonella Species Isolated from Chicken

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Md Bashir Uddin ◽  
S.M. Bayejed Hossain ◽  
Mahmudul Hasan ◽  
Mohammad Nurul Alam ◽  
Mita Debnath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Analysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Negative

Colistin (polymyxin E) is widely used in animal and human medicine and is increasingly used as one of the last-resort antibiotics against Gram-negative bacilli. Due to the increased use of colistin in treating infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, resistance to this antibiotic ought to be monitored. The study was undertaken to elucidate the molecular mechanisms, genetic relationships and phenotype correlations of colistin-resistant isolates. Here, we report the detection of the mcr-1 gene in chicken-associated Salmonella isolates in Bangladesh and its in-silico functional analysis. Out of 100 samples, 82 Salmonella spp. were isolated from chicken specimens (liver, intestine). Phenotypic disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay using different antimicrobial agents were performed. Salmonella isolates were characterized using PCR methods targeting genus-specific invA and mcr-1 genes with validation for the functional analysis. The majority of the tested Salmonella isolates were found resistant to colistin (92.68%), ciprofloxacin (73.17%), tigecycline (62.20%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (60.98%). When screened using PCR, five out of ten Salmonella isolates were found to carry the mcr-1 gene. One isolate was confirmed for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis, and other four isolates were confirmed for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis revealed a divergent evolutionary relationship between the catalytic domain of Neisseria meningitidis lipooligosaccharide phosphoethanolamine transferase A (LptA) and MCR proteins, rendering them resistant to colistin. Three-dimensional homology structural analysis of MCR-1 proteins and molecular docking interactions suggested that MCR-1 and LptA share a similar substrate binding cavity, which could be validated for the functional analysis. The comprehensive molecular and in-silico analyses of the colistin resistance mcr-1 gene of Salmonella spp. of chicken origin in the present study highlight the importance of continued monitoring and surveillance for antimicrobial resistance among pathogens in food chain animals.

Occurrence and Survival of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 in Meats Obtained from Retail Outlets in The Netherlands

1999 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 1115-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. HEUVELINK ◽  
J. T. M. ZWARTKRUIS-NAHUIS ◽  
R. R. BEUMER ◽  
D E. de BOER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Raw Meat ◽  
Pork Products ◽  
Minced Beef ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Meat Samples

In 1996 and 1997, 2,941 fresh and processed meat products obtained from supermarkets and butcher shops in The Netherlands were examined for the presence of verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli of serogroup O157 (O157 VTEC). Additionally, the fate of O157 VTEC in raw meat products stored at low temperatures and the effect of different additives were evaluated. O157 VTEC strains were isolated from 6 (1.1%) of 571 samples of raw minced beef, 2 (0.5%) of 402 samples of raw minced mixed beef and pork, 1 (1.3%) of 76 samples of raw minced pork, 1 (0.3%) of 393 samples of other raw pork products, and 1 (0.3%) of 328 samples of cooked or fermented ready-to-eat meats. Other raw beef products (n = 223) and meat samples originating from poultry (n = 819), sheep or lamb (n = 46), or wild animals (n = 83) were all found to be negative for O157 VTEC. For the survival experiments we used tartaar (minced beef with a fat content of less than 10%) and filet americain (tartaar mixed with a mayonnaise-based sauce [80 to 20%]). The O157 VTEC strain tested was able to survive in tartaar and filet americain stored at −20, 0, 5, or 7°C for 3 days. At both 7 and at 15°C, O157 VTEC counts in tartaar and filet americain remained virtually unchanged throughout a storage period of 5 days. Addition of acetic acid (to pH 4.0), sodium lactate (1 and 2% [wt/wt]), or components of the lactoperoxidase–thiocyanate–hydrogen peroxide system to filet americain did not result in a reduction of viable O157 VTEC cells during storage at 7 or 15°C. It was concluded that raw meat contaminated with O157 VTEC will remain a hazard even if the meat is held at low or freezing temperatures.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of Salmonella isolates obtained from various sources in Russia 2010–2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Sofia Sh. Rozhnova ◽  
Konstantin V. Kuleshov ◽  
Anastasia S. Pavlova ◽  
Anna N. Guseva ◽  
Tatiana A. Kozhakhmetova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Pork Meat ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Transmission Factors

Aim: the goal of the study was to evaluate the heterogeneity of the Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica strains isolated from clinical specimens and various environmental sources in the Russian Federation during the period 20112019. Materials and methods. The data of 3076 non-typhoid isolates of Salmonella obtained from sporadic and outbreak cases of salmonellosis (n = 2518), food and water samples (n = 558) were used. These isolates were serotyped according to the KaufmanWhite scheme and genotyped by Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) using XbaI and BlnI restriction endonucleases according to a standard PFGE-protocol developed by PulseNet International Network. Results. The studied Salmonella isolates were differentiated into 73 serotypes and 601 PFGE types. A comparative analysis of isolates from various sources made it possible to identify subtypes that differed significantly in their prevalence in humans and potential transmission factors (sources). A significant proportion of chicken, turkey, and pork meat samples contained PFGE-subtypes which did not occur in clinical samples. Regional differences in the heterogeneity of the Salmonella spp. were also identified. Conclusions. Genetic heterogeneity of the Salmonella population from humans and other sources shows significant variability of virulent properties and indicates the necessity of differentiated assessment of their epidemiological potential.

scholarly journals Determination of Chemical Content and some Physical Properties and Meat Pigments (Myoglobin, Meta Myoglobin and Oxymyoglobin) in Different Parts of Slaughtered Animals

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 302-319
Author(s):  
Khadeeja S.J. Al-Husseiny ◽  
Maryam T. Khrebish
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Fresh Meat ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Different Parts

The current study aimed to estimate the pigments of some muscles parts taken from cows, sheep and chicken (thigh, chest and back). The chemical content including moisture, protein, lipids and ash, as well as the pH and the water holding capacity have been evaluated. Results showed that the moisture differed among three animals with high percentage of moisture, ash and lipid in back in compared with other parts of cows. while significant difference in the percentage of ash of back with other parts and in protein in chest with other parts of sheep. The significant differences were recorded in percentage of ash of three parts of chicken, also significant differences between chest and back. The water holding capacity of fresh meat samples taken from thigh, chest and back of cows, sheep and chicken significantly differ among samples. pH values which reflect a confect in water holding capacity of meat samples taken from different parts of the body and from different animal. In addition, there was a significant differences in the percentage of the presences of myoglobin, metmyoglobin and oxymyoglobin in different samples taken from different parts of the slaughtered animals.

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