scholarly journals Psychological Perspectives of Gender Parity

Author(s):  
Dr. Mrs. Tanuja Nafde

Gender difference is a prominent feature not only in human beings but also in every living species. Personality is an added facet and also one of the most important psychological dimensions that contribute to what make an individual unique as well as classify him/her under a common class. India has one of the fastest growing educated youth populations in the world. Girls below age of 19 years of age comprise one-quarter of India's rapidly growing population. In spite of India's tradition and culture of respecting women, to an extent to treat her as a goddess, the moment a baby is born, the first thing comes to mind is “boy or girl”? The differences are beyond just being biological but more cultural and social. This paper evaluates and examines the implication of various psychological issues and constructs that are important in the life of a baby “girl” born in our country.

2030 ◽  
2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutger van Santen ◽  
Djan Khoe ◽  
Bram Vermeer

The helplessness of newborn babies is very endearing. They can just about breathe unaided, but they are otherwise entirely unadapted and dependent. Babies can barely see, let alone walk or talk. Few animals come into the world so unprepared, and no other species is as dependent on learning as human beings are. Elephant calves, for instance, can stand up by themselves within a few minutes of being born. Most animals are similarly “preprogrammed.” Female elephants carry their young for no fewer than 22 months, whereas we humans have to go on investing in our offspring long after they are born. Children need years of adult protection. They guzzle fuel, too; their brains consume fully 60 percent of the newborn’s total energy intake. In the first year of life, the infant’s head buzzes with activity as neurons grow in size and complexity and form their innumerable interconnections. The way the brain develops is the subject of the next chapter (chapter 5.2). Here we concentrate on the way we are educated from the first day on. There is virtually no difference between Inuits and Australian aborigines in terms of their ability—at opposite ends of the earth and in climates that are utterly different—to bear children successfully. Other animal species are far more closely interrelated with their environment. Other primates have evolved to occupy a limited biotope determined by food and climate. Humans are much more universal. Every human child has an equal chance of survival wherever they are born. As a species, we delay our maturation and adaptation until after birth, which makes the inequality of subsequent human development all the more acute. Someone who is born in Mali or Burkina Faso is unlikely ever to learn to read. A person whose father lives in Oxford, by contrast, might have spoken his or her first words of Latin at an early age. Inuit and aboriginal babies may be born equally, but their chances begin to diverge the moment they start learning how to live. We are not shaped by our inborn nature but by the culture that is impressed upon us by the people with whom we grow up.


2018 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. e27310
Author(s):  
Bárbara Bertolossi Marta de Araújo ◽  
Antônia Da Conceição Cilindro Machado ◽  
Cassiana Silva Rossi ◽  
Sandra Teixeira de Araújo Pacheco ◽  
Benedita Maria Rêgo Deusdará Rodrigues

Objetivo: rever estudos que abordam o referencial teórico-metodológico de Paulo Freire e suas contribuições para a enfermagem. Método: revisão integrativa da produção científica nacional, realizada de abril a junho de 2016, em bases de dados on line publicadas de 2011 a 2015. Resultados: foram identificados 19 artigos, evidenciando-se duas categorias analíticas: Aplicabilidade da Teoria Freiriana na assistência de enfermagem; Teoria Freiriana e a formação do profissional de enfermagem. Conclusão: o referencial teórico-metodológico de Freire é importante no campo da enfermagem, porquanto compreende o diálogo como o momento em que as pessoas se encontram para refletir sobre sua realidade tal como a fazem e refazem. Trata-se, portanto, de uma postura político-filosófica necessária diante do mundo e da existência, na medida em que os seres humanos se transformam a partir da reflexão crítica de sua realidade.ABSTRACTObjective: to review studies that address Paulo Freire’s theoretical and methodological framework and his contributions to nursing. Method: from April to June 2016, an integrative review of Brazilian scientific production published from 2011 to 2015 was conducted in online databases. Results: 19 articles were identified, revealing two analytical categories: Applicability of Freire’s Theory to nursing care; Freire’s Theory and training for nursing professionals. Conclusion: Freire’s theoretical and methodological framework is important in the field of nursing, in that it regards dialogue as the moment when people meet to reflect on their reality as they make and remake it. It is, therefore, a necessary political and philosophical attitude to the world and to existence, in that human beings change on the basis of their critical thinking about their reality.RESUMENObjetivo: revisar estudios que abordan el referencial teórico-metodológico de Paulo Freire y sus contribuciones a la enfermería. Método: revisión integrativa de la producción científica nacional, realizada de abril a junio de 2016, en bases de datos on-line publicadas de 2011 a 2015. Resultados: se identificaron 19 artículos, evidenciando dos categorías analíticas: Aplicabilidad de la Teoría Freireana en la asistencia de enfermería; Teoría Freireana y la formación del profesional de enfermería. Conclusión: el referencial teórico-metodológico de Freire es importante en el campo de la enfermería ya que comprende el diálogo como el momento en que las personas se encuentran para reflexionar sobre su realidad tal como la hacen y rehacen. Se trata, pues, de una postura político-filosófica necesaria ante el mundo y de la existencia, en la medida en que los seres humanos se transforman desde la reflexión crítica de su realidad.


Author(s):  
Marc Van De Mieroop

This chapter focuses on the first works of Babylonian scholarship and thus the earliest in world history: word lists. The extraordinary character of these works seems to be ignored not only by scholars surveying the world history of lexicography, but also by those specialists of Babylonian scholarship who have devoted much effort to the study of lexical lists. No other ancient culture developed lexicography at the moment its people started to write, and throughout antiquity lexicographic activity out side Babylonia always remained minimal. This chapter examines the lexical material in Near Eastern history, taking into account the intricacies of the genre’s developments. To illustrate the longevity and popularity of lexical lists, as well as how much their contents could change, the chapter describes what is known about the thematic series that treated topics relating to human beings, including professional designations, kinship terms, and social classes.


Twejer ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-418
Author(s):  
FARHAD QADIR KARIM ◽  

The word Corona (Covid 19) has been used by the population over the world and studied by the health sections widely. It has stopped the movements of people in their daily life which caused the psychological tension of human beings. This non stable situation adapted the Kurdish poets with tens of poetic texts at the aim of showing the influence of this virus and under (Psychological Dimensions of Corona Virus in Kurdish Poetry) title, this research has been written. In it, first the definition of Corona virus is presented, then the connection between it and (Literature and Psychology) and it with (Literature and Illness) are shown. After that, under the title (The Psychological Phenomena of Corona Virus in Kurdish Poetry), both the influence and the reflection of scaring and shock are clarified depending on the poetic samples of the poets which most of them have been posted on the social media. Fearing of getting this virus and losing lovers are two poetic images in a section of the texts. In another section, the shock of the poets which goes back to the new fact of this pandemic is presented. Finally, insisting on following the healthy guidelines is another prominent subject in the research. The mentioned are some of the points which the researcher has achieved.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Rincy Saji

“But woe to him who is alone when he falls for he has no one to help him up.” Ecclesiastes 4:10. Human beings- man defined as the animal rationale, distinct us from other animal species in nothing but the additional attribute to reason. But the modern science proves that “men share all other properties with some species of animal kingdom-expect that the additional gift of ‘reason’, which makes man a more dangerous beast.”(On Violence, 62). But from the moment, humans began living together in communities, some of their members were forcibly expelled from those first towns and villages on ethnic, religious or other grounds. The practice of helping such people absconding became one of the earliest hallmarks of civilization. The world is beating a path to those refugee camps ever since. And in the twentieth century to systematize with these situations the international community took fundamental stride to codify the assistance. Since the Second World War each year, hundreds of thousands of people around the world are forced to move to uncertain places from their safe havens. The United Nations High Commission for Refugee defines them as “A refugee is someone who has been forced to flee from his or her country because of persecution, war or violence.” According to Hannah Arendt, an American-German philosopher, in her seminal essay “We Refugee” published in 1943 defines a refuge as a person driven to seek refugee because of some act committed or some political opinion held. But she also adds these people who had to seek refugee neither committed any acts nor most of them even dreamt of having any political opinion. We are all brought up in the conviction that life is the highest good and death the greatest trepidation but if we take a close look within the refugee camps, the lives hailing there, we come to know that they have lost the horror for death. Instead of fighting or thinking about how to fight back they have got used to wishing death to friends or relatives and if somebody dies, they cheerfully image all the trouble they have been saved from. As per the report of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), in 2019, 70.8 million of people are displaced in our world fleeing war, persecution and conflict, at the end of 2018 2.3 million more were forcibly displaced. This is the highest number UN refugee agency has seen in its 70-year existence. Then there are the Internally Displaced People, who have left their homes but remain inside the country borders which numbers 41.9 million. Then there are children every second refugee is a child. These are not just number but souls in flight.


1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Borowicz

The proximity of the late archaic Greek philosophical breakthrough and postmodernity relies on the analogy of a media and intellectual revolution that takes place in both periods. Greek culture of the 6th and early 5th century BCE gradually moves from orality to literacy, from performativity and affection towards an intellectual view of the world and reflective being, from a world that is shared with non-human beings to the world of human monody. Modernity, however, seems to reverse these trends. Nevertheless, we do not go into the past but reach a higher level of archaicity. From this point of view, postmodernity becomes postarchaicity; this is a chance that in the moment of historical contiguity, vivisection of our culture will reveal still active common places, allowing us to explore images before the metaphysical era. The starting point of the analysis is the question“What is the image?” posed by Maurice Blanchot and his extremely insightful answer to this question.


1969 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-315
Author(s):  
Sandra Milena Bermeo ◽  
Claudia Tamar Silva ◽  
Dora Janeth Fonseca ◽  
Carlos Martín Restrepo

The haemophilia is a recessive disease tied to the X chromosome that generally men suffer. The genetic preimplantation diagnosis (GPD), the prenatal diagnosis and the molecular diagnosis of the mutations that cause haemophilia, are realized in isolated investigations (researches) in order to do primary prevention, provide advise to the carriers of the disease and their families, which has allowed to bring to the world children free of this disease and also to improve the quality of life of the affected ones. The hopeful procedures in gene therapy (GT) have shown great effectiveness. The intention is to achieve the normal production of the protein which is absent or it is altered in the affected ones, but at the moment the tests carried out in human beings are stopped. Here are other alternate therapies that although are in phase of investigation, would allow to obtain a production of protein to long term and which have been developed thanks to the understanding of the molecular nature of the coagulation factors.


Moreana ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (Number 209) (1) ◽  
pp. 79-93
Author(s):  
Marie-Claire Phélippeau

This paper shows how solidarity is one of the founding principles in Thomas More's Utopia (1516). In the fictional republic of Utopia described in Book II, solidarity has a political and a moral function. The principle is at the center of the communal organization of Utopian society, exemplified in a number of practices such as the sharing of farm work, the management of surplus crops, or the democratic elections of the governor and the priests. Not only does solidarity benefit the individual Utopian, but it is a prerequisite to ensure the prosperity of the island of Utopia and its moral preeminence over its neighboring countries. However, a limit to this principle is drawn when the republic of Utopia faces specific social difficulties, and also deals with the rest of the world. In order for the principle of solidarity to function perfectly, it is necessary to apply it exclusively within the island or the republic would be at risk. War is not out of the question then, and compassion does not apply to all human beings. This conception of solidarity, summed up as “Utopia first!,” could be dubbed a Machiavellian strategy, devised to ensure the durability of the republic. We will show how some of the recommendations of Realpolitik made by Machiavelli in The Prince (1532) correspond to the Utopian policy enforced to protect their commonwealth.


2007 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Kristupas Sabolius

Kitybės klausimas dažniausiai kyla iš ego santykio su kitais arba su pasauliu. Šiame straipsnyje daroma prielaida, kad įsivaizdavimo funkcija ištirpdo subjektą ir jame pačiame atveria intersubjektyvią perspektyvą. Šiuo tikslu sugretinami Sartre’o, Husserlio bei Merleau-Ponty įsivaizdavimo funkcijos tyrimai, kuriuose išryškėja vaizdo kaip iš ego centro išslystančios ribos statusas, ir Holivudo filmo „Kovos klubas“ siužetas. Viename iš šios juostos epizodų pasirodantis pingvinas žymi egologinės schizmos akimirką ir tampa fantazijos apsireiškimu ir įsikūnijimu.Išgryninus žaidybinį, savarankišką ir multiformišką charakterį, galime konstantuoti, kad įsivaizdavimas, jei kalbėtume Kanto terminais, yra ne papildanti tarpinė funkcija, bet transcendentalinio subjekto genezėje atlieka paradoksalų „svetimos vidujybės“ arba „vidinės svetimybės“ vaidmenį. Vaizduotė yra katalizatoriaus, kuris, likdamas šalia, įgalina transcendentalinių formų išsikristalizavimą.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: vaizduotė, įsivaizdavimas, fantazija, ego, kitybė, sąmonė.PENGUIN AND PROTEUSImagination as Otherness in meKristupas Sabolius SummaryThe question of Otherness is usually taken into account while discussing the Ego’s relation with Others as well as with the World. This article is based on the premises that the function of phantasy melts the subjectivity, revealing the perspective of intersubjectivity within it. On this purpose Sartre’s, Husserl’s and Merleau-Ponty’s researches on the function of imagination, which elucidate the image as the boundary slipping from the centre of Ego, are compared to the story of Hollywood’ movie „Fight Club“. The penguin, which appears in one of the episodes, registers the moment of egological schism, thus becoming the revelation and incarnation of phantasy. While the playful, autonomous and multiform character of imaginary is cleared out, we can ascertain, speaking in Kantian terms, that it has not a complementary or intermediary function, but, in the genesis of transcendental subject, plays the paradoxical role of „allien innerness“ or „inner alienity“. Thought remaining always beside, imagination is a catalyzer which enables crystallization of transcendental forms.Keywords: imagination, imaginary, phantasy, ego, otherness, consciousness.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-37
Author(s):  
Syarifudin Syarifudin

Each religious sect has its own characteristics, whether fundamental, radical, or religious. One of them is Insan Al-Kamil Congregation, which is in Cijati, South Cikareo Village, Wado District, Sumedang Regency. This congregation is Sufism with the concept of self-purification as the subject of its teachings. So, the purpose of this study is to reveal how the origin of Insan Al-Kamil Congregation, the concept of its purification, and the procedures of achieving its purification. This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a normative theological approach as the blade of analysis. In addition, the data generated is the result of observation, interviews, and document studies. From the collected data, Jamaah Insan Al-Kamil adheres to the core teachings of Islam and is the tenth regeneration of Islam Teachings, which refers to the Prophet Muhammad SAW. According to this congregation, self-perfection becomes an obligation that must be achieved by human beings in order to remember Allah when life is done. The process of self-purification is done when human beings still live in the world by knowing His God. Therefore, the peak of self-purification is called Insan Kamil. 


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