scholarly journals Anti-Osteoclastic Effect of Zinc Studied in MCF-7 Induced Osteoclastogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-s) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
K Nagalakshmi ◽  
S Shila ◽  
P Rasappan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Cathepsin K ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mcf 7

Bone which a key structural support of the body, undergoes dynamic micro structural remodelling all over life to control automatic stress and calcium requirement in the body. A number of risk factors including oxidative stress, apoptosis and abnormal intracellular Ca2+ metabolism have been postulated to play a function in the inception and progress of bone osteolysis. Cancer cells establish a tight relationship with the host tissue, secreting factors that stimulate or inhibit bone cells, receiving signals generated from the bone remodelling activity, and displaying some features of bone cells. This interplay between tumour and bone cells alters the physiological bone remodelling, leading to the generation of a vicious cycle that promotes bone metastasis growth. Zinc is one of the most relevant minerals to human health, because of its antioxidant properties. The present study was aimed to investigate protective role of zinc against bone metastasis. In the present study, TRAP positive multinucleated cell count was low compared to CM treated cells. Zinc treatment suppressed MCF-7 induced mRNA levels of cytoplasmic 1 (Nfatc1), TRAP and Cathepsin-K. Hence, it can be concluded that zinc decreases osteoclastogenesis induced by MCF-7 cells. Keywords: Oxidative stress; Metastasis; Bone remodelling; Zinc.

scholarly journals Protective Role of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Tocopherols on TNFα-Induced ROS Production and ICAM-1 and Cl-2 Expression in HT29 Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Vladana Domazetovic ◽  
Irene Falsetti ◽  
Caterina Viglianisi ◽  
Kristian Vasa ◽  
Cinzia Aurilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bowel Diseases

Vitamin E, a fat-soluble compound, possesses both antioxidant and non-antioxidant properties. In this study we evaluated, in intestinal HT29 cells, the role of natural tocopherols, α-Toc and δ-Toc, and two semi-synthetic derivatives, namely bis-δ-Toc sulfide (δ-Toc)2S and bis-δ-Toc disulfide (δ-Toc)2S2, on TNFα-induced oxidative stress, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and claudin-2 (Cl-2) expression. The role of tocopherols was compared to that of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant precursor of glutathione synthesis. The results show that all tocopherol containing derivatives used, prevented TNFα-induced oxidative stress and the increase of ICAM-1 and Cl-2 expression, and that (δ-Toc)2S and (δ-Toc)2S2 are more effective than δ-Toc and α-Toc. The beneficial effects demonstrated were due to tocopherol antioxidant properties, but suppression of TNFα-induced Cl-2 expression seems not only to be related with antioxidant ability. Indeed, while ICAM-1 expression is strongly related to the intracellular redox state, Cl-2 expression is TNFα-up-regulated by both redox and non-redox dependent mechanisms. Since ICAM-1 and Cl-2 increase intestinal bowel diseases, and cause excessive recruitment of immune cells and alteration of the intestinal barrier, natural and, above all, semi-synthetic tocopherols may have a potential role as a therapeutic support against intestinal chronic inflammation, in which TNFα represents an important proinflammatory mediator.

scholarly journals How to express the antioxidant properties of substances properly?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Good Tool

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with an imbalance between the oxidants (reactive oxygen species) and the antioxidants in the body, contributes to the development of many diseases. The body’s fight against reactive oxygen species is supported by antioxidants. Nowadays, there are too many analytical methods, but there is no one universal technique for assessing antioxidant properties. Moreover, the applied different ways of expressing the results lead to their incompatibility and unreasonable interpretation. The paper is a literature review concerning the most frequent ways of antioxidant activities expression and for an easy and universal method of the obtained results discussion. This paper is an attempt to point out their disadvantages and advantages. The manuscript can support the searching interpretation of the obtained results which will be a good tool for the development of a number of fields, especially medicine what can help in the future detection and treatment of many serious diseases. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Beneficial Role of Carica papaya Extracts and Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress and Related Diseases: A Mini Review

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 287
Author(s):  
Yew Rong Kong ◽  
Yong Xin Jong ◽  
Manisha Balakrishnan ◽  
Zhui Ken Bok ◽  
Janice Kwan Kah Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Impaired Wound Healing

Oxidative stress is a result of disruption in the balance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants in which subsequently impacting on redox signaling, causing cell and tissue damages. It leads to a range of medical conditions including inflammation, skin aging, impaired wound healing, chronic diseases and cancers but these conditions can be managed properly with the aid of antioxidants. This review features various studies to provide an overview on how Carica papaya help counteract oxidative stress via various mechanisms of action closely related to its antioxidant properties and eventually improving the management of various oxidative stress-related health conditions. Carica papaya is a topical plant species discovered to contain high amounts of natural antioxidants that can usually be found in their leaves, fruits and seeds. It contains various chemical compounds demonstrate significant antioxidant properties including caffeic acid, myricetin, rutin, quercetin, α-tocopherol, papain, benzyl isothiocyanate (BiTC), and kaempferol. Therefore, it can counteract pro-oxidants via a number of signaling pathways that either promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes or reduce ROS production. These signaling pathways activate the antioxidant defense mechanisms that protect the body against both intrinsic and extrinsic oxidative stress. To conclude, Carica papaya can be incorporated into medications or supplements to help manage the health conditions driven by oxidative stress and further studies are needed to investigate the potential of its chemical components to manage various chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Male Infertility: Pathogenetic Significance of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defence (Review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 107-116
Author(s):  
Vsevolod Koshevoy ◽  
Svitlana Naumenko ◽  
Pavlo Skliarov ◽  
Serhiy Fedorenko ◽  
Lidia Kostyshyn
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Male Infertility ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Malonic Dialdehyde ◽  
The Body ◽  
Redox Activity ◽  
Enzymatic System ◽  
Male Body ◽  
Mitochondrial Potential

The basis of the pathogenesis of male infertility is the processes of peroxide oxidation of biological substrates, especially lipids and proteins. By destroying the sperm membrane, toxic peroxidation products reduce its motility and ability to fertilize the egg, which is determined by a decrease in the number of motile sperm in the ejaculate. These changes lead to complete or partial male infertility. The authors of the review found that is accompanied by a damaging effect on the structural and functional activity of the gonads and is manifested, in particular, by an imbalance in the hormonal background of the male body. Similar effects are characteristic of an increase in the content of reactive Nitrogen species and its metabolites, which cause nitrosative stress, which is also the cause of male hypofertility and is inseparable from the state of oxidative stress. In scientific work it is determined that the accumulation of harmful peroxidation products leads to damage and destruction of sperm DNA, reduced activity of acrosomal enzymes and mitochondrial potential of sperm, reduced overall antioxidant activity. This makes it impossible for an adequate response of the body. Multi component antioxidant defense system resists stress. It is represented by enzymatic and non-enzymatic links, which can neutralize harmful radicals and peroxidation products. It contributes to the full manifestation of reproductive function. The presence of powerful antioxidant properties of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and enzymes of the thiol-disulfide system, which form the enzymatic system of antioxidant protection, as well as selenium, zinc, copper, other trace elements, retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and vitamins as parts of the non-enzymatic system is shown. The efficiency of registration is substantiated thin biochemical shift detectors or complex methods, such as total antioxidant status of sperm or sperm plasma, mitochondrial membrane potential, etc along with simple markers of oxidative stress, such as diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, and metabolites of the Nitrogen Oxide cycle. Given the leading role of oxidative stress in the development of male hypofertility, the prospect of further research is the search for modern means for correction, especially among substances with pronounced redox activity

Curcuma longa extract reduces the risk of oxidative stress during intense physical exertion

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
A. A. Khisamova ◽  
O. A. Gizinger
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wide Range

Increased physical exertion is a catalyst for oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, which entails irreversible processes in the body, leading to chronic diseases and disability. This article contains a literature review of studies that prove the effect of the antioxidant properties of Curcuma longa on cells under oxidative stress. To search for data, a wide range of literature and databases was explored: Pubmed, Google.Scholar, and Embase.

Mediterranean diet and oxidative stress

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulina Górska ◽  
Ilona Górna ◽  
Juliusz Przysławski
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Varied Diet ◽  
The Mediterranean

Purpose This study aims to analyze the antioxidant properties of the Mediterranean diet and describe methods that are used in clinical studies to assess its role in reducing oxidative stress. Design/methodology/approach The review presents the results of interventional and observational clinical trials aimed at assessing the influence of the Mediterranean diet on the level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as the total blood antioxidant capacity. Findings The Mediterranean diet as a varied diet can be a better way to provide antioxidants to the body than supplements. Individual compounds administered in an isolated form can give the opposite effect to the expected, stimulating oxidative stress. The administration of antioxidants in the form of supplements instead of a varied diet is also associated with a lack of synergism of action. In studies on the importance of the Mediterranean diet in the reduction of oxidative stress, single markers are used to measure oxidative damage, the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and the concentration of individual non-enzymatic antioxidants. At the same time, the need to find markers that would assess the level of oxidative stress and the body’s antioxidant capacity more comprehensively is emphasized. Practical implications It should be taken into account that differences between in vivo and in vitro results may result from the fact of various factors, including genetic, smoking, intestinal microflora or diet composition. It is also necessary to answer the question about which marker or set of markers could in the most comprehensive way to assess the level of oxidative stress and the body’s antioxidant capacity. Originality/value The literature review shows not only the source of antioxidants in the Mediterranean diet. This paper also presents a critical approach to markers that allow the assessment of the antioxidant properties of the diet.

scholarly journals Insights into Arbutin Effects on Bone Cells: Towards the Development of Antioxidant Titanium Implants

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Bonifacio ◽  
Giorgia Cerqueni ◽  
Stefania Cometa ◽  
Caterina Licini ◽  
Luigia Sabbatini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
High Viability

Arbutin is a plant-derived glycosylated hydroquinone with antioxidant features, exploited to combat cell damage induced by oxidative stress. The latter hinders the osseointegration of bone prostheses, leading to implant failure. Little is known about arbutin antioxidant effects on human osteoblasts, therefore, this study explores the in vitro protective role of arbutin on osteoblast-like cells (Saos-2) and periosteum-derived progenitor cells (PDPCs). Interestingly, cells exposed to oxidative stress were protected by arbutin, which preserved cell viability and differentiation. Starting from these encouraging results, an antioxidant coating loaded with arbutin was electrosynthesized on titanium. Therefore, for the first time, a polyacrylate-based system was designed to release the effective concentration of arbutin in situ. The innovative coating was characterized from the physico-chemical and morphological point of view to achieve an optimized system, which was in vitro tested with cells. Morpho-functional evaluations highlighted the high viability and good compatibility of the arbutin-loaded coating, which also promoted the expression of PDPC differentiation markers, even under oxidative stress. These results agreed with the coatings’ in vitro antioxidant activity, which showed a powerful scavenging effect against DPPH radicals. Taken together, the obtained results open intriguing opportunities for the further development of natural bioactive coatings for orthopedic titanium implants.

Mancozeb induces testicular dysfunction through oxidative stress and apoptosis: Protective role of N-acetylcysteine antioxidant

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 798-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohaddeseh Mohammadi-Sardoo ◽  
Ali Mandegary ◽  
Mohammad Nabiuni ◽  
Seyed-Noureddin Nematollahi-Mahani ◽  
Bagher Amirheidari
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Nadph Oxidase 4

Mancozeb (MZB) is one of the fungicides used in pest control programs that might affect human health including reproductive system. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the mechanisms through which MZB induces testicular tissue damage and the probable protective effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a modified amino acid, with antioxidant property, against MZB toxicity in an animal model. Male albino mice ( n = 8) were exposed to different doses of MZB (250 and 500 mg/kg/day) by oral gavage without or with NAC (200 mg/kg, twice/week) for 40 days. Sub-chronic MZB dose-dependently decreased sperm motility and count. Exposure to MZB increased lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl, while it reduced antioxidant enzymes activities, total antioxidant capacity, and glutathione content. The histopathological examination clearly showed deleterious changes in the testicular structure. At the molecular levels, the results of quantitative real time-poly chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that MZB upregulated oxidative stress markers inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and downregulated expression of the glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) gene as one of the most important antioxidant enzymes. MZB also induced apoptosis dose-dependently in the testes as determined by the terminal dUTP nick-end labeling assay and immunoblotting. NAC administration decreased the mRNA levels of both iNOS and NOX4 with a concomitant increase in Gpx1 expression. It also significantly decreased MZB-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Collectively, the present study showed MZB-induced oxidative damage in testes leading to apoptosis. It revealed that antioxidants such as NAC can mitigate oxidant injury induced by the dithiocarbamate pesticides in the reproductive system.

Bone Regulation of Insulin Secretion and Glucose Homeostasis

Endocrinology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Ducy
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Brain Cell ◽  
Mouse Genetics ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Inner Organs

Abstract For centuries our image of the skeleton has been one of an inert structure playing a supporting role for muscles and a protective role for inner organs like the brain. Cell biology and physiology modified this view in the 20st century by defining the constant interplay between bone-forming and bone resorbing cells that take place during bone growth and remodeling, therefore demonstrating that bone is as alive as any other tissues in the body. During the past 40 years human and, most important, mouse genetics, have allowed not only the refinement of this notion by identifying the many genes and regulatory networks responsible for the crosstalk existing between bone cells, but have redefined the role of bone by showing that its influence goes way beyond its own physiology. Among its newly identified functions is the regulation of energy metabolism by 2 bone-derived hormones, osteocalcin and lipocalin-2. Their biology and respective roles in this process are the topic of this review.

scholarly journals Interaction between Bone Cells in Bone Remodelling

2017 ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ashwin Chandra Veni ◽  
P. Rajathi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Cell Contact ◽  
Collagen Fibres ◽  
Paracrine Factors ◽  
Direct Cell ◽  
Biomechanical Forces

Bone forms the basic framework of the body and it consists of bone cells, ground substance and collagen fibres. The bone undergoes alternate deposition and resorption to withstand the biomechanical forces exerted. Osteoclasts, osteoblasts, osteocytes secrete numerous enzymes, cytokines, growth factors which interact among one another to perform the physiological activities taking place in bone. This article emphasizes on the secretions of osteoblast that interacts with the osteoclast precursor involved in osteoclastic stimulation and inhibition and vice versa osteoclastic activity on bone can trigger osteoblastic formation or inhibition. This interaction is explained based on 3 different modes: Direct cell-cell contact, gap junctions, diffusion of paracrine factors and the 3 phases of bone remodelling.

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