Beneficial Role of Carica papaya Extracts and Phytochemicals on Oxidative Stress and Related Diseases: A Mini Review

Oxidative stress is a result of disruption in the balance between antioxidants and pro-oxidants in which subsequently impacting on redox signaling, causing cell and tissue damages. It leads to a range of medical conditions including inflammation, skin aging, impaired wound healing, chronic diseases and cancers but these conditions can be managed properly with the aid of antioxidants. This review features various studies to provide an overview on how Carica papaya help counteract oxidative stress via various mechanisms of action closely related to its antioxidant properties and eventually improving the management of various oxidative stress-related health conditions. Carica papaya is a topical plant species discovered to contain high amounts of natural antioxidants that can usually be found in their leaves, fruits and seeds. It contains various chemical compounds demonstrate significant antioxidant properties including caffeic acid, myricetin, rutin, quercetin, α-tocopherol, papain, benzyl isothiocyanate (BiTC), and kaempferol. Therefore, it can counteract pro-oxidants via a number of signaling pathways that either promote the expression of antioxidant enzymes or reduce ROS production. These signaling pathways activate the antioxidant defense mechanisms that protect the body against both intrinsic and extrinsic oxidative stress. To conclude, Carica papaya can be incorporated into medications or supplements to help manage the health conditions driven by oxidative stress and further studies are needed to investigate the potential of its chemical components to manage various chronic diseases.

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The Antioxidant Properties of Selenium and Vitamin E; Their Role in Periparturient Dairy Cattle Health Regulation

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10101555 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. 1555

Author(s):

Jianxin Xiao ◽

Muhammad Zahoor Khan ◽

Yulin Ma ◽

Gibson Maswayi Alugongo ◽

Jiaying Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Dairy Cattle ◽

Antioxidant System ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

The Body ◽

Late Gestation ◽

Ros Production ◽

Antioxidant Agents

Dairy cattle experience health risks during the periparturient period. The continuous overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during the transition from late gestation to peak lactation leads to the development of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress is usually considered the main contributor to several diseases such as retained placenta, fatty liver, ketosis, mastitis and metritis in periparturient dairy cattle. The oxidative stress is generally balanced by the naturally available antioxidant system in the body of dairy cattle. However, in some special conditions, such as the peripariparturient period, the natural antioxidant system of a body is not able to balance the ROS production. To cope with this situation, the antioxidants are supplied to the dairy cattle from external sources. Natural antioxidants such as selenium and vitamin E have been found to restore normal health by minimizing the harmful effects of excessive ROS production. The deficiencies of Se and vitamin E have been reported to be associated with various diseases in periparturient dairy cattle. Thus in the current review, we highlight the new insights into the Se and vitamin E supplementation as antioxidant agents in the health regulation of periparturient dairy cattle.

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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Physiopathology and Pharmacological Treatment with Pro- and Antioxidant Properties in Chronic Diseases

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2020/2082145 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Andrés García-Sánchez ◽

Alejandra Guillermina Miranda-Díaz ◽

Ernesto Germán Cardona-Muñoz

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Pharmacological Treatment ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

The Body ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Correct Function

Oxidative stress (OS) has the ability to damage different molecules and cellular structures, altering the correct function of organs and systems. OS accumulates in the body by endogenous and exogenous mechanisms. Increasing evidence points to the involvement of OS in the physiopathology of various chronic diseases that require prolonged periods of pharmacological treatment. Long-term treatments may contribute to changes in systemic OS. In this review, we discuss the involvement of OS in the pathological mechanisms of some chronic diseases, the pro- or antioxidant effects of their pharmacological treatments, and possible adjuvant antioxidant alternatives. Diseases such as high blood pressure, arteriosclerosis, and diabetes mellitus contribute to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Antihypertensive, lipid-lowering, and hypoglycemic treatments help reduce the risk with an additional antioxidant benefit. Treatment with methotrexate in autoimmune systemic inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, has a dual role in stimulating the production of OS and producing mitochondrial dysfunction. However, it can also help indirectly decrease the systemic OS induced by inflammation. Medicaments used to treat neurodegenerative diseases tend to decrease the mechanisms related to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and balance OS. On the other hand, immunosuppressive treatments used in cancer or human immunodeficiency virus infection increase the production of ROS, causing significant oxidative damage in different organs and systems without widely documented exogenous antioxidant administration alternatives.

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How to express the antioxidant properties of substances properly?

Chemical Papers ◽

10.1007/s11696-021-01799-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Literature Review ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

The Body ◽

Universal Method ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Good Tool

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with an imbalance between the oxidants (reactive oxygen species) and the antioxidants in the body, contributes to the development of many diseases. The body’s fight against reactive oxygen species is supported by antioxidants. Nowadays, there are too many analytical methods, but there is no one universal technique for assessing antioxidant properties. Moreover, the applied different ways of expressing the results lead to their incompatibility and unreasonable interpretation. The paper is a literature review concerning the most frequent ways of antioxidant activities expression and for an easy and universal method of the obtained results discussion. This paper is an attempt to point out their disadvantages and advantages. The manuscript can support the searching interpretation of the obtained results which will be a good tool for the development of a number of fields, especially medicine what can help in the future detection and treatment of many serious diseases. Graphic abstract

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Anti-Inflammatory and Anticancer Properties of Bioactive Compounds from Sesamum indicum L.—A Review

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules24244426 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (24) ◽

pp. 4426 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Ming-Shun Wu ◽

Levent Bless B. Aquino ◽

Marjette Ylreb U. Barbaza ◽

Chieh-Lun Hsieh ◽

Kathlia A. De Castro-Cruz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chronic Diseases ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Sesamum Indicum ◽

The Body ◽

Anticancer Activities ◽

Anticancer Properties ◽

Pharmacological Significance ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Natural Medicines

The use of foodstuff as natural medicines has already been established through studies demonstrating the pharmacological activities that they exhibit. Knowing the nutritional and pharmacological significance of foods enables the understanding of their role against several diseases. Among the foods that can potentially be considered as medicine, is sesame or Sesamum indicum L., which is part of the Pedaliaceae family and is composed of its lignans such as sesamin, sesamol, sesaminol and sesamolin. Its lignans have been widely studied and are known to possess antiaging, anticancer, antidiabetes, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Modern chronic diseases, which can transform into clinical diseases, are potential targets of these lignans. The prime example of chronic diseases is rheumatic inflammatory diseases, which affect the support structures and the organs of the body and can also develop into malignancies. In line with this, studies emphasizing the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of sesame have been discussed in this review.

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Male Infertility: Pathogenetic Significance of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Defence (Review)

Scientific Horizons ◽

10.48077/scihor.24(6).2021.107-116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (6) ◽

pp. 107-116

Author(s):

Vsevolod Koshevoy ◽

Svitlana Naumenko ◽

Pavlo Skliarov ◽

Serhiy Fedorenko ◽

Lidia Kostyshyn

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Male Infertility ◽

Nitrosative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Malonic Dialdehyde ◽

The Body ◽

Redox Activity ◽

Enzymatic System ◽

Male Body ◽

Mitochondrial Potential

The basis of the pathogenesis of male infertility is the processes of peroxide oxidation of biological substrates, especially lipids and proteins. By destroying the sperm membrane, toxic peroxidation products reduce its motility and ability to fertilize the egg, which is determined by a decrease in the number of motile sperm in the ejaculate. These changes lead to complete or partial male infertility. The authors of the review found that is accompanied by a damaging effect on the structural and functional activity of the gonads and is manifested, in particular, by an imbalance in the hormonal background of the male body. Similar effects are characteristic of an increase in the content of reactive Nitrogen species and its metabolites, which cause nitrosative stress, which is also the cause of male hypofertility and is inseparable from the state of oxidative stress. In scientific work it is determined that the accumulation of harmful peroxidation products leads to damage and destruction of sperm DNA, reduced activity of acrosomal enzymes and mitochondrial potential of sperm, reduced overall antioxidant activity. This makes it impossible for an adequate response of the body. Multi component antioxidant defense system resists stress. It is represented by enzymatic and non-enzymatic links, which can neutralize harmful radicals and peroxidation products. It contributes to the full manifestation of reproductive function. The presence of powerful antioxidant properties of catalase, superoxide dismutase, and enzymes of the thiol-disulfide system, which form the enzymatic system of antioxidant protection, as well as selenium, zinc, copper, other trace elements, retinol, tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and vitamins as parts of the non-enzymatic system is shown. The efficiency of registration is substantiated thin biochemical shift detectors or complex methods, such as total antioxidant status of sperm or sperm plasma, mitochondrial membrane potential, etc along with simple markers of oxidative stress, such as diene conjugates, malonic dialdehyde, and metabolites of the Nitrogen Oxide cycle. Given the leading role of oxidative stress in the development of male hypofertility, the prospect of further research is the search for modern means for correction, especially among substances with pronounced redox activity

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Curcuma longa extract reduces the risk of oxidative stress during intense physical exertion

Terapevt (General Physician) ◽

10.33920/med-12-2009-04 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 43-49

Author(s):

A. A. Khisamova ◽

O. A. Gizinger

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Literature Review ◽

Curcuma Longa ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Physical Exertion ◽

The Body ◽

Irreversible Processes ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Wide Range

Increased physical exertion is a catalyst for oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, which entails irreversible processes in the body, leading to chronic diseases and disability. This article contains a literature review of studies that prove the effect of the antioxidant properties of Curcuma longa on cells under oxidative stress. To search for data, a wide range of literature and databases was explored: Pubmed, Google.Scholar, and Embase.

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Mediterranean diet and oxidative stress

Nutrition & Food Science ◽

10.1108/nfs-07-2020-0264 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Paulina Górska ◽

Ilona Górna ◽

Juliusz Przysławski

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Capacity ◽

Mediterranean Diet ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

The Body ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Critical Approach ◽

Content Type ◽

Varied Diet ◽

The Mediterranean

Purpose This study aims to analyze the antioxidant properties of the Mediterranean diet and describe methods that are used in clinical studies to assess its role in reducing oxidative stress. Design/methodology/approach The review presents the results of interventional and observational clinical trials aimed at assessing the influence of the Mediterranean diet on the level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as the total blood antioxidant capacity. Findings The Mediterranean diet as a varied diet can be a better way to provide antioxidants to the body than supplements. Individual compounds administered in an isolated form can give the opposite effect to the expected, stimulating oxidative stress. The administration of antioxidants in the form of supplements instead of a varied diet is also associated with a lack of synergism of action. In studies on the importance of the Mediterranean diet in the reduction of oxidative stress, single markers are used to measure oxidative damage, the activity of enzymatic antioxidants and the concentration of individual non-enzymatic antioxidants. At the same time, the need to find markers that would assess the level of oxidative stress and the body’s antioxidant capacity more comprehensively is emphasized. Practical implications It should be taken into account that differences between in vivo and in vitro results may result from the fact of various factors, including genetic, smoking, intestinal microflora or diet composition. It is also necessary to answer the question about which marker or set of markers could in the most comprehensive way to assess the level of oxidative stress and the body’s antioxidant capacity. Originality/value The literature review shows not only the source of antioxidants in the Mediterranean diet. This paper also presents a critical approach to markers that allow the assessment of the antioxidant properties of the diet.

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Antioxidant Properties of Bee Products Derived from Medicinal Plants as Beekeeping Sources

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11111136 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1136

Author(s):

Alessandra Durazzo ◽

Massimo Lucarini ◽

Manuela Plutino ◽

Giuseppe Pignatti ◽

Ioannis K. Karabagias ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Medicinal Plants ◽

Royal Jelly ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Study Approach ◽

Potential Source ◽

Bee Foraging ◽

Medicinal Properties

Plant species are fundamental source of nectar in beekeeping since bees access nectar and pollen from flowers. Consequently, bee products are strongly linked to the bee foraging flora source, and, depending on this, they acquire defined features, including their health and medicinal properties. Medicinal plants contribute greatly to increase the beneficial properties of bee products, such as honey, pollen, royal jelly, and propolis. Bee products represent a potential source of natural antioxidants that can counteract the effects of oxidative stress underlying the pathogenesis of many diseases. The antioxidant properties of bee products have been widely studied and there is an abundance of information available in the literature. Notwithstanding, the uniqueness of the presented perspective is to provide an updated overview of the antioxidant properties of bee products derived from medicinal plants as beekeeping sources. This topic is divided and discussed in the text in different sections as follows: (i) beekeeping and the impacts of environmental factors; (ii) an overview of the role of medicinal plants for bee products; (iii) definition and categorization of the main medicinal bee plants and related bee products; (iv) the study approach of the antioxidant properties; (v) the conventional and innovative assays used for the measurement of the antioxidant activity; and (vi) the antioxidant properties of bee products from medicinal plants.

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The antioxidant activity of date seed: preliminary results of a preclinical in vivo study

Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture ◽

10.9755/ejfa.2017.v29.i11.1477 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 822 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Fatima Theyab Al meqbaali ◽

Hosam Habib ◽

Aws Othman ◽

Saeda Al-Marzooqi ◽

Alia Al-Bawardi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Chronic Diseases ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Antioxidant Defense System ◽

Underlying Mechanism ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Date Seed ◽

Oxidative Damages

Chronic diseases (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer), are by far the leading causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Oxidative stress is one of the underlying mechanism in the development and enhancement of chronic diseases. Polyphenols are particularly abundant in date seeds and can contribute in the progress of chronic diseases due to antioxidant properties. The present work studies the effects of date seeds and examines the oxidative stress status on serum and organs of Male Wistar rats after feeding them with basal diet comprising 0, 2, 4 or 8 g/kg date seed powder (DSP) for a period of 13 weeks. Isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were subjected to all the four groups. Antioxidant status, protein and lipid oxidative biomarkers were measured in the serum and organs and histopathology was done. The results showed that DSP suggestively (P < 0.05) elevated the antioxidant defense system of the serum and organs. DSP decreased protein and lipid oxidative damages in the liver, muscle and brain. In addition, DSP did not alter the organs’ function based on the analysis of biochemical markers. The results indicate that oxidative stress-related diseases could be possibly prevented by the DSP bioactive antioxidants.

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Battle between plants as antioxidants with free radicals in human body

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology ◽

10.34172/jhp.2020.25 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 191-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Fatemeh Jamshidi-kia ◽

Joko Priyanto Wibowo ◽

Mostafa Elachouri ◽

Rohollah Masumi ◽

Alizamen Salehifard-Jouneghani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Human Body ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Natural Antioxidants ◽

Redox Status ◽

The Body ◽

Antioxidant Agents ◽

Endogenous Antioxidants

Free radicals are constructed by natural physiological activities in the human cells as well as in the environment. They may be produced as a result of diet, smoking, exercise, inflammation, exposure to sunlight, air pollutants, stress, alcohol and drugs. Imbalanced redox status may lead to cellular oxidative stress, which can damage the cells of the body, resulting in an incidence of various diseases. If the endogenous antioxidants do not stop the production of reactive metabolites, they will be needed to bring about a balance in redox status. Natural antioxidants, for example plants, play an important part in this context. This paper seeks to report the available evidence about oxidative stress and the application of plants as antioxidant agents to fight free radicals in the human body. For this purpose, to better understand oxidative stress, the principles of free radical production, the role of free radicals in diseases, antioxidant defense mechanisms, and the role of herbs and diet in oxidative stress are discussed.

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