scholarly journals COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN THYROID GLAND AFTER IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED YOGA MODULE (IYM) AS ADJUNCT THERAPY VERSUS CONVENTIONAL LEVOTHYROXINE THERAPY IN HYPOTHYROID FEMALES

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2989-2992
Author(s):  
M Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endocrine Disorders ◽  
Adjunct Therapy ◽  
Adjunct Treatment ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Yogic Practice ◽  
Group B

Thyroid disorders have become quite common worldwide over the past few decades. Symptoms of thyroid dysfunction are non-specific and extremely prevalent in the general population. Hypothyroid is the most prevalent thyroid dysfunction and more so in females. Despite the problem being so common, there is no proper treatment modality to control this condition. Many of the as an as have a powerful effect on one or more of the endocrine glands. Practicing some of the specific as an as stimulates the activity thyroid gland and its functions. Hence this study is proposed to generate evidence for yogic practices as an adjunct modality for patients of hypothyroid. The objective of this study is to evaluate the structural and functional changes occurring in patients with hypothyroid as a result of the practice yogic module. The effectiveness of adjunct therapy and the quality of life of patients will also be assessed. 120 female patients of hypothyroid will be randomly allotted to an experimental and control group with 60 patients in each group. Group A will be made to follow the yogic practice module designed along with the conventional treatment whereas Group B will continue with regular conventional treatment. We anticipate that the Yogic module works as an effective adjunct treatment for patients of hypothyroidism and can be used as the first line of treatment in newly diagnosed cases of hypothyroid. Integrated yoga Module will be the new inclusion in the therapeutic model of hypothyroid and also can be studied in different endocrine disorders.

To Study the Deteriorating Effects of Lithium Carbonate on Thyroid Gland - A Study in Albino Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3292-3293
Author(s):  
Tazeen Kohari ◽  
Zaffar Iqbal Malik ◽  
Aftab Ahmad ◽  
Rana M. Asad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Lithium Carbonate ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Human Thyroid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: The human thyroid gland is located in the front of neck. It consists of two lobes. The two lobes are joined with each other by isthmus. The mood stabilizer Lithium Caronate has deleterious effects on the thyroid gland. Aim: To observe and report the data of the harmful effect of Lithium on the weight changes of thyroid gland. Methods: Sixteen rats were selected for this experimental study. The rodents were divided into two groups. Group A comprised of eight animals which were given laboratory diet, Group B contained eight albinos who were given Tablet Lithium Carbonate in powder form at a dose of 60 mg/day for four weeks. After completion of the study time animals were sacrificed and thyroid gland weight were recorded and compared in both groups. Results: The results in both groups were recorded and compared .It was reported that Group B animals had a highly significantly decreased thyroid weight after four weeks Lithium ingestion than Group A control group. Conclusion: The results of our study concluded that Lithium Carbonate damages thyroid glandular tissue and causes its weight to decline. Key words: Thyroid gland, Isthmus, deteriorating

scholarly journals Laser Speckle Imaging of Sensitized Acupoints

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ding ◽  
Jing Jiang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Liu ◽  
Yiyuan Xu ◽  
Jiatong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Perfusion ◽  
Laser Speckle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Group B

Acupoints microcirculatory dynamics vary depending on the body’s health status. However, the functional changes observed during acupoint sensitization, that is, the disease-induced change from a “silenced” to an “activated” status, remain elusive. In this study, the microcirculatory changes at acupoints during sensitization were characterized. Thirty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group (N), sham osteoarthritis group (S), light osteoarthritis group (A), mild osteoarthritis group (B), and heavy osteoarthritis group (C). The obtained results showed that the blood perfusion levels at the acupoints Yanglingquan (GB34), Zusanli (ST36), and Heding (EX-LE2) in groups A, B, and C were higher than those in groups N and S on days 14, 21, and 28 (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05). A significant difference in the blood perfusion was also observed at the acupoint Weizhong (BL40) in groups B and C on days 21 and 28 (p < 0.01). In addition, remarkable differences in the level of blood perfusion at the GB34, ST36, and EX-LE2 acupoints were observed on day 28 (p < 0.01 or p < 0.05) among groups A, B, and C. No marked differences in blood perfusion levels were observed at the nonacupoint site among all groups. In conclusion, acupoint sensitization is associated with an increase in the level of local blood perfusion at specific acupoints, and this increase is positively correlated with the severity of the disease. The functional changes in microcirculation at acupoints during sensitization reflect the different physiological and pathological conditions imposed by the disease.

Protective Effect of Thyroxine on Minocycline Induced Thyroid Gland Damage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tahira Assad
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Concomitant Administration ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Absolute Weight ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Thyroxine has shown beneficial effects on intelligence, learning, and memory process in patients of congenital hypothyroidism. Minocycline has been used in clinical practice for various indications and reported to have anti-thyroid effects. This study was specifically designed to observe the role of thyroxine on minocycline induced damage to thyroid gland. Methods: This experimental study was undertaken at Anatomy department of BMSI, JPMC, Karachi, for eight weeks, from October to November 2019. Thirty adult (10-12 months) male guinea pigs, weighing from 450-650 gm were obtained and divided into 3 groups. Group A served as control, group B was given Minocycline 0.02mg/gram/day once daily and group C was administered Minocycline in similar amount as group B along with thyroxine 0.5µg/gram/day for the same duration. Dosing was continued for 8 weeks, at the completion of which all the animals were sacrificed. Thyroid gland was processed and tissue sections were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin for morphology. Results: The absolute weight of thyroid gland was significantly increased (p<0.001) in minocycline treated group B animals compared to the control animals, whereas substantial decrease (p<0.01) in absolute weight of thyroid gland was witnessed in group C in comparison to group B animals. The follicular cells showed hypertrophy and shrinkage of colloid in the thyroid follicles. These changes were prevented when animals were co-administered with thyroxine and minocycline in Group C. Conclusion: Concomitant administration of thyroxine with the antimicrobial drug minocycline showed protective effects of thyroxine on Minocycline induced damage to thyroid gland of animals.

scholarly journals Use of hippotherapy in gait training for hemiparetic post-stroke

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 908-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Beinotti ◽  
Nilzete Correia ◽  
Gustavo Christofoletti ◽  
Guilherme Borges
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Treatment ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Gait Training ◽  
Berg Balance Scale ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Group B ◽  
In The Beginning

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hippotherapy influence on gait training in post-stroke hemiparetic individuals. METHOD: The study was constituted of 20 individuals divided into two groups. Group A performed the conventional treatment while group B the conventional treatment along with hippotherapy during 16 weeks. The patients were evaluated by using the Functional Ambulation Category Scale, Fugl-Meyer Scale, only the lower limbs and balance sub items, Berg Balance Scale, and functional assessment of gait (cadence) in the beginning and end of the treatment. RESULTS: Significant improvements were observed in the experimental group including motor impairment in lower limbs (p=0.004), balance, over time (p=0.007) but a significant trend between groups (p=0.056). The gait independence, cadence and speed were not significantly in both groups (p=0.93, 0.69 and 0.44). CONCLUSION: Hippotherapy associated with conventional physical therapy demonstrates a positive influence in gait training, besides bringing the patients' gait standard closer to normality than the control group.

scholarly journals Study of thyroid dysfunction and dyslipidemia in chronic kidney diseases

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
S. K. Tripathy ◽  
N. Dhal ◽  
M. Kanungo ◽  
S. Das ◽  
S. K. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Conservative Management ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Background: Though there are many studies on thyroid dysfunction and dyslipidemia in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), no study is conclusive. Aim of this study was to correlate abnormalities in thyroid function and lipid profile with the severity of renal failure and also to observe the difference of these abnormalities between patients on conservative management verses hemodialysis.Methods: Hundred consecutive CKD cases admitted to Medicine Department were taken up for the study. They were divided into two groups as Group-A [on conservative management] and Group-B [on regular Hemodialysis (HD)]. Hundred healthy persons were taken as control in Group-C. After evaluation of thyroid function and lipid profile statistical analysis was done by students t-test, chi-square and regression analysis.Results: Hundred CKD cases with 74% male (n=74) and 26% female (n=26) in a M: F ratio of 2.9:1 were found to be in different stages CKD (0, 2, 20, 28 and 50 in stage-1 to stage-5 respectively). In 50 cases of stage-5 CKD, 30 were on HD and 20 on conservative management. Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (40%) was the commonest etiology of CKD followed by Hypertension (HTN), obstructive uropathy, chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Thyromegaly was not found in a single case. In all CKD cases (Group-A+B) TT3 (TT3) was significantly low (P =0.0011) when compared with control (Group-C) and no difference was found between Group-A and Group-B. Fall in TT3 worsened with increasing severity of CKD. Lipid profile study revealed Decreased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDLc) and increased Triglyceride (TG), Total Cholesterol (TC), Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDLc), TC/HDLc and LDLc/HDLc in Group-A than Group-B but only TG and TC increase was statistically significant. The levels of TG and TC and TC/HDLc increased as the stage of CKD progressed and was statistically significant (P= 0.035).Conclusions: There occurs a state of biochemical hypothyroidism without overt clinical hypothyroid state in CKD, the extent of which correlates with the severity of CKD. Increased cardiovascular complications occur due to accelerated atherosclerosis in CKD. This study confirmed that atherogenic lipid profile and thyroid dysfunction worsen with the progression of disease. Difference between patients on conservative management and HD was not found.

Dystyreoz as risk factors for the formation of secondary amenoreyeyi girls who live in low iodine deficiency

2017 ◽  
pp. 16-20
Author(s):  
S.I. Turchinа ◽  
◽  
T.A. Nachetova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Secondary Amenorrhea ◽  
Toxic Goiter

The article highlights new data on the effect of thyroid dysfunction on the formation of secondary amenorrhea in adolescent girls who live for a long time in conditions of weak iodine deficiency. The objective: to determine the state of the thyroid system in girls with SA, taking into account the presence of thyroid disorders. Materials and methods. Under observation were 68 girls aged 14-17 years with SA, living in conditions of weak iodine deficiency in Kharkov and the Kharkov region. The examination provided for an ultrasound of the thyroid gland and determination of the functional state of the pituitary-thyroid system. Girls with SA entered the main group. Depending on the presence of thyreopathy, namely, diffuse non-toxic goiter (DNG), the patients of the main group were divided into two subgroups: 1-st subgroup consists of a girls with SA and normal thyroid volume (n=39); 2-nd subgroup consists of girls with SA and DNG (n=29). The control group included 78 female peers with normal thyroid volume, harmonious physical development and normal menstrual function. Results. The obtained results allowed to establish that the formation of SA in girls living in conditions of low iodine deficiency occurs against a background of thyroid dysfunction, the character of which differs in girls with normal thyroid gland volume and DNG. This can be regarded as a succession of stages of the pathological process when, in conditions of prolonged residence in regions with a mild iodine deficiency, a distearosis is formed which is characterized by an increase in the fT4 conversion in fT3, reflecting an increase in the fT3/fT4 ratio in the vast majority of the girls surveyed. These changes in the thyroid profile negatively affect the development of the reproductive system and can cause menstrual dysfunction even in the absence of thyroid disease. The conclusion. Prevention and treatment of SA in girls living in conditions of low iodine deficiency, provides long-term use of pharmacological drugs potassium iodide in age doses. Key words: girls, thyroid gland, thyroid status, secondary amenorrhea.

Thyroid Dysfunction After Radiotherapy in Children with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darya A. Zvyagintseva ◽  
Svetlana A. Kulyova ◽  
Evgenia V. Tsyrlina ◽  
Sergey N. Novikov
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Critical Dose ◽  
Treatment Techniques ◽  
Neck Irradiation

Background.The main approach to Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) treatment is the use of cytostatic and consolidation radiation therapy. The combination of both treatment techniques undoubtedly improves the antitumor effect, but also negatively influence on the functioning of the endocrine glands. The most frequent complications are various diseases of the thyroid gland.Objective.Our aim was to determine the relationship between the thyroid disorders and critical dose of neck irradiation in patients with Hodgkin’s lymphoma.Methods.The study included 143 patients aged 2–17 years with HL. In the treatment of all patients, risk-adapted therapy was used: 42 patients were treated according to the DAL-HD protocol, 86 patients — according to the original risk-adjusted SPbHL protocol, and 15 patients included in the unfavorable prognosis group underwent 6 courses of BEACOPP-basic. The next treatment step was consolidation radiation therapy. When the therapy course was completed, patients were diagnosed with structural and/or functional changes in the thyroid gland.Results.The majority of the patients (n =126) received concomitant cervico-supraclavicular radiotherapy involving mediastinal lymph nodes in the total focal dose (SOD) of 15–46 Gy. The mean follow-up period was 7.5 years (range: 0–22). Having performed ROC analysis, we determined the critical dose of radiation leading to the development of thyroid dysfunction — more than 39 Gy; the area under the curve was 0.717±0.108 (CI 0.590–0.822; p =0.0445). The Youden’s Index was 0.3929.Conclusion.Irradiation of the neck and thyroid in total dose of 39 Gy and above is associated with a high risk of developing thyroid dysfunction.

Structural and Functional Changes of Carotid Wall Properties in Patients with Acromegaly are not Restored after 1 year of GH/IGF1 Normalization

2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (04) ◽  
pp. 238-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Găloiu ◽  
R. Jurcuţ ◽  
A. Vlădaia ◽  
A. Florian ◽  
M. Purice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Augmentation Index ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Vascular Changes ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Active Condition ◽  
Carotid Wall ◽  
Group B

AbstractVascular changes are common in acromegaly (ACM). Current therapies can normalise the levels of both growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF1).To establish whether the ACM vascular changes in patients with effectively managed disease are different from those in patients with an active condition.64 ACM patients were tested for serum GH (random and during an oral glucose tolerance test) and IGF1. Ultrasonography of the right common carotid (RCC) explored structural (the carotid diameter and intima-media thickness index (IMT)) and functional (the augmentation index (AIx), elastic modulus (Ep), and local pulse wave velocity (PWV)) arterial parameters in the ACM patients (groups A and B) and an age- and sex-matched control group of 21 patients without acromegaly (group C).The ACM patients were divided into 2 subgroups that had similar cardiovascular risk factor profiles: A (n=10, with controlled ACM), and B (n=54, with active ACM). The AIx was higher in groups A (27.7% [2.2–54.3]) and B (20.0% [ − 38.2–97.1]) than in group C (3.5% [ − 11.3–31.1]), p=0.01 and 0.002, respectively. The group B patients presented with poorer functional carotid wall parameters than the control subjects: Ep-95.5 [33–280] KPa vs. 77.5 [39–146] KPa, p=0.01; and PWV-6 [3.6–10.4] m/s vs. 5.4 [3.9–7.2] m/s, p=0.03.The ACM patients had greater RCC diameters (6.4±0.6 mm vs. 5.7±0.6 mm, p<0.001) and IMT values (0.72±0.13 mm vs. 0.58±0.08 mm, p<0.001) than the subjects in group C.Both the controlled and active ACM patients showed structural arterial changes. After 1 year of disease control, the patients with controlled ACM showed improvements in the functional, but not the structural, arterial parameters compared with the patients with an active condition.

scholarly journals IATROGENIC CHANGES IN THYROID GLAND OF PATIENTS WITH ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AFTER THERAPY WITH AMIODARON

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
O.I. Danyliuk
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Free Thyroxine ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Therapy ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Thyroid Peroxidase ◽  
Antiarrhythmic Action ◽  
Basic Therapy ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group I

Objective of the study: to analyze the frequency of structural and functional changes in the thyroid gland of the patients with atrial fibrillation who took amiodarone for 12 months on regular basis. The study was based on findings obtained by examining 80 patients (28 women and 52 men) with cardiosclerosis (diffuse and postinfarction), atrial fibrillation and heart failure IIA at the age of 63.5 ± 1.3 years and 15 healthy individuals of the relevant age (62,4 ± 2,4 years) and relevant sex proportions. The main inclusion criterion was the euthyroid state of the thyroid gland before the beginning of antiarrhythmic therapy. To assess the functional state of the thyroid gland, we studied the content of free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and antibodies to thyroid peroxidase. The examination was carried out before the therapy, and in 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after the beginning of the study during the course of antiarrhythmic therapy. To detect structural changes in the thyroid gland, we used ultrasound scanning. Depending on the prescribed treatment, the participants were divided into the following groups: group I included the patients who received amiodarone in a dosage of 200 mg per day and basic therapy (n = 60); control group involved the patients who received the basic therapy with antiarrhythmic drugs, digoxin and bisoprolol (n = 20). Results. The therapy with amiodarone for a year resulted in thyroid dysfunction in 33.3% of the patients. Hypothyroidism (20.0%) is leading in the structure of amiodarone-associated thyroid dysfunctions; this condition is subclinically manifested in 11.7% of the patients. The development of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis was observed in 13.3% of the patients, and the first cases of hyperthyroidism were detected not earlier than six months. Under the effect of amiodarone in the first months of the therapy, serum levels of free thyroxine may increase, while free triiodothyronine may decrease, therefore there may be a tendency to slightly increased levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone in the first weeks of the therapy. The above changes in laboratory parameters are transient and are not accompanied by the deterioration of the antiarrhythmic action of amiodarone.

scholarly journals Morpho-functional Changes in Liver due to Long Term Consumption of Instant Noodles in Adult Wistar Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Saleh ◽  
Adjene Josiah Obaghwarhievwo ◽  
Igumbor Eunice Obiajulu ◽  
Odigie Mike Osagie
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Histological Section ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Type B ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Group B ◽  
Instant Noodles

Introduction: Food is a basic requirement for the survival of living organisms, and is also necessary for growth, development, replacement and repairs of worn-out tissues, as well as energy production for various body functions, among others. Aim: Current study investigated the histo-architectural and biochemical changes in the liver due to prolonged consumption of instant noodles by Wistar rats. Methods: Fifty (50) adult Wistar rats of an average weight of 200 g were procured for the study. Following two weeks of acclimatization, the animals were randomly assigned into five (5) groups (A, B, C, D and E) of ten (10) rats each. Group A received cooked instant noodle (Type A) only; whereas, group B rats were fed with cooked instant noodles with its spice. Group C received cooked instant noodles (type B) only.  Group D received cooked instant noodles type B with its spice while group E were fed with grower marsh (control). After thirty (30) days of administration of test substances, rats were sacrifice by cervical dislocation and liver tissue obtained for histological technique and bioassay of selected antioxidant enzyme levels [Catalase, Malonyldialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide Dismutase (SOD)]. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21) to evaluate the result obtained. Histological section of liver of the treated animals showed cellular degenerative changes, hypertrophy, hepatic steatosis and mild fibrosis which were sparsely distributed as compared to the control group. Results: Biochemical assay of oxidative stress markers revealed that MDA levels were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in all treated liver groups as compared with the parallel control animals. Concomitantly, the levels of SOD levels were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the treated liver groups as compared with the control. Conclusion: Thus, long consumption of instant noodles exert toxic effects by promoting oxidative stress in the liver tissue of adult Wistar rats. Recommendation: Further study aimed at corroborating these findings should be carried out.

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