scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical changes in cocoa seed (Theobroma cacao L.) caused by desiccation Perubahan fisiologi dan biokimia benih kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) akibat desikasi

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS ◽  
. RACHMAWATI-HASID ◽  
. NURHAIMI-HARIS ◽  
Tolhas HUTABARAT
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Normal Seedling ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

 Ringkasan Benih kakao tergolong rekalsitran, benihnya sensitif terhadap desikasi dan apabila disimpan pada kondisi yang menyebabkan kehilangan air, benih akan kehilangan viabilitasnya. Viabilitas benih kakao hanya dapat dipertahankan beberapa hari saja dalam keadaan terbuka pada suhu kamar. Hal ini merupakan kendala dalam penyimpanan dan pengiriman benih kakao. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menetapkan pengaruh desikasi terhadap karakter fisiologis dan biokimia benih kakao. Benih ICS 60 (kakao lindak) dan DR2 (kakao mulia) diletakkan dalam cawan Petri kemudian disimpan pada suhu 25oC dan Rh 55-75% selama empat hari. Percobaan dilakukan dengan rancang­an petak terpisah, petak utama adalah kandungan air awal dan kritikal. Sebagai anak petak adalah jenis kakao, masing-masing diulang empat kali. Peubah fisiologis yang diukur adalah viabilitas benih mencakup kandungan air benih, potensi tumbuh maksimum, daya berkecambah, kecepatan tumbuh, bobot kering kecambah normal, dan laju pertumbuhan kecambah normal. Di samping itu juga dilakukan pengamatan pola pita protein benih yang dianalisis dengan SDS-PAGE. Kandungan asam absisik (ABA) dan gula stahiosa, raftnosa, glukosa, fruktosa, arabinosa, silosa, serta sukrosa dalam benih yang ditetapkan dengan HPLC Integritas membran benih ditetapkan berdasarkan daya hantar listrik air perendaman benih yang diukur dengan konduktometer. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa adanya interaksi yang nyata antara desikasi dengan seluruh tolok ukur fisiologis. Desikasi menyebabkan penurunan daya ber­kecambah, bobot kering dan laju pertumbuhan kecambah normal, potensi tumbuh maksimum dan kecepatan tumbuh. Sedang untuk, kandungan ABA, sukrosa, arabinosa dan rafinosa mengalami peningkatan. Di samping itu desikasi menyebabkan dibentuknya protein baru dengan BM 32,5; 47,0 dan 51,0 kDa (DR2); 47,0 dan 51,0 kD (ICS 60). Beberapa protein yang hilang oleh pengaruh desikasi yaitu dengan BM37, 0 (DR2), 19, 0 dan 37, 0 kD (ICS60). Benih ICS60 lebih tahan terhadap desikasi dibandingkan dengan benih DR2. Summary Seed of cocoa is recalcitrant and sensitive to desiccation. In open condition at room temperature, the viability of cocoa seed ultimately lost for several days. These characters are a problem for seed storage and delivery. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of desiccation on physi­ological and biochemical characters of cocoa seed. Seeds of ICS 60 (bulk cocoa) and DR2 (fine cocoa) were placed on Petri dishes and stored at 25oC, Rh 55-75% for four days (critical water content). The experiment was conducted with split plot analysis, (1) The main plot was the storage condition initial and critical seeds water content. (2) The sub plot was the variety of cocoa, with four replications of each treatment. The effect of desiccation on seeds viability was tested, based on seed water content, maximum growth potential, seed germination, germination rate, dry weight of normal seedling, and seedling growth rate. Besides, the changes of seed proteins band pattern were also analysed by SDS­PAGE. Abscisic acid, stachyose, raffnose, fructose, arabinose, xyllose, and sucrose seed content were determined by HPLC. The integrity of seed membrane based on the leakage of electrolytes from seeds was measured with a CM 100 multicell conductivity meter. The results showed that there is an interaction with highly significant correlation between desiccation and all of the physiological and biochemical parameters. Desiccation caused the decrease of seed germination, dry weight and growth rate'of normal seedling, maximum growth potential, and germination rate and while the leakage of electrolytes, ABA, sucrose, arabinose and raffinose increased. Besides, desiccation was also caused the formation of new proteins with MW 32.5, 47,0 and 51,0 kDa (DR2); 47,0 and 51,0 kD ICS 60) . On the other hand, several protein were disappeared i.e. MW 37,0 (DR2), 19,0 and 37,0 kD (ICS60). Seeds of ICS 60 are more tolerant to desiccation than seeds of DR2. 

scholarly journals Physiological and biochemical changes in cocoa seed (Theobroma cacao L.) caused by desiccation Perubahan fisiologi dan biokimia benih kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) akibat desikasi

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurita TORUAN-MATHIUS ◽  
. RACHMAWATI-HASID ◽  
. NURHAIMI-HARIS ◽  
Tolhas HUTABARAT
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Normal Seedling ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

 Ringkasan Benih kakao tergolong rekalsitran, benihnya sensitif terhadap desikasi dan apabila disimpan pada kondisi yang menyebabkan kehilangan air, benih akan kehilangan viabilitasnya. Viabilitas benih kakao hanya dapat dipertahankan beberapa hari saja dalam keadaan terbuka pada suhu kamar. Hal ini merupakan kendala dalam penyimpanan dan pengiriman benih kakao. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menetapkan pengaruh desikasi terhadap karakter fisiologis dan biokimia benih kakao. Benih ICS 60 (kakao lindak) dan DR2 (kakao mulia) diletakkan dalam cawan Petri kemudian disimpan pada suhu 25oC dan Rh 55-75% selama empat hari. Percobaan dilakukan dengan rancang­an petak terpisah, petak utama adalah kandungan air awal dan kritikal. Sebagai anak petak adalah jenis kakao, masing-masing diulang empat kali. Peubah fisiologis yang diukur adalah viabilitas benih mencakup kandungan air benih, potensi tumbuh maksimum, daya berkecambah, kecepatan tumbuh, bobot kering kecambah normal, dan laju pertumbuhan kecambah normal. Di samping itu juga dilakukan pengamatan pola pita protein benih yang dianalisis dengan SDS-PAGE. Kandungan asam absisik (ABA) dan gula stahiosa, raftnosa, glukosa, fruktosa, arabinosa, silosa, serta sukrosa dalam benih yang ditetapkan dengan HPLC Integritas membran benih ditetapkan berdasarkan daya hantar listrik air perendaman benih yang diukur dengan konduktometer. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa adanya interaksi yang nyata antara desikasi dengan seluruh tolok ukur fisiologis. Desikasi menyebabkan penurunan daya ber­kecambah, bobot kering dan laju pertumbuhan kecambah normal, potensi tumbuh maksimum dan kecepatan tumbuh. Sedang untuk, kandungan ABA, sukrosa, arabinosa dan rafinosa mengalami peningkatan. Di samping itu desikasi menyebabkan dibentuknya protein baru dengan BM 32,5; 47,0 dan 51,0 kDa (DR2); 47,0 dan 51,0 kD (ICS 60). Beberapa protein yang hilang oleh pengaruh desikasi yaitu dengan BM37, 0 (DR2), 19, 0 dan 37, 0 kD (ICS60). Benih ICS60 lebih tahan terhadap desikasi dibandingkan dengan benih DR2. Summary Seed of cocoa is recalcitrant and sensitive to desiccation. In open condition at room temperature, the viability of cocoa seed ultimately lost for several days. These characters are a problem for seed storage and delivery. The objectives of this study are to investigate the effect of desiccation on physi­ological and biochemical characters of cocoa seed. Seeds of ICS 60 (bulk cocoa) and DR2 (fine cocoa) were placed on Petri dishes and stored at 25oC, Rh 55-75% for four days (critical water content). The experiment was conducted with split plot analysis, (1) The main plot was the storage condition initial and critical seeds water content. (2) The sub plot was the variety of cocoa, with four replications of each treatment. The effect of desiccation on seeds viability was tested, based on seed water content, maximum growth potential, seed germination, germination rate, dry weight of normal seedling, and seedling growth rate. Besides, the changes of seed proteins band pattern were also analysed by SDS­PAGE. Abscisic acid, stachyose, raffnose, fructose, arabinose, xyllose, and sucrose seed content were determined by HPLC. The integrity of seed membrane based on the leakage of electrolytes from seeds was measured with a CM 100 multicell conductivity meter. The results showed that there is an interaction with highly significant correlation between desiccation and all of the physiological and biochemical parameters. Desiccation caused the decrease of seed germination, dry weight and growth rate'of normal seedling, maximum growth potential, and germination rate and while the leakage of electrolytes, ABA, sucrose, arabinose and raffinose increased. Besides, desiccation was also caused the formation of new proteins with MW 32.5, 47,0 and 51,0 kDa (DR2); 47,0 and 51,0 kD ICS 60) . On the other hand, several protein were disappeared i.e. MW 37,0 (DR2), 19,0 and 37,0 kD (ICS60). Seeds of ICS 60 are more tolerant to desiccation than seeds of DR2. 

scholarly journals Study of Seed Germination by Soaking Methode of Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 190-197
Author(s):  
Sulistyani Pancaningtyas ◽  
Teguh Iman Santoso ◽  
Sudarsianto .
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Random Design ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Cocoa Seedlings

Study of germination methods conduct to get information about seed viability based on germination rate, percentage of germination and vigority. Germination methods was studied to get the efficiency and effectivity of germination, easy to handle, low costs with high vigority. Sand and gunny sack methods  for germination, need extensive place  and 3-4 days germination period after planting. This research will study the alternative of germination method with soaking. This method can be accelerating  germination rate and effectively place usage without decreasing the quality of cacao seedling.The research was done at Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institue. This research consist of two experiment was arranged based on factorial completely random design. First experiment will observed to compared germination rate and the second experiment will observed seedling quality between soaking and wet gunny sack germination method.The results showed that length of radicel on soaking method longer than wet gunny sack method. Growth of radicel started from 2 hours after soaking, moreover length of radicel at 4 hours after soaking have significant different value with gunny sack method. On 24 hours after soaking have 3,69 mm and 0,681 mm on wet gunny sack treatment. Except lengt of hipocotyl, there is not different condition between seedling that out came  from soaking and wet gunny sack method. Length of hipocotyl on 36 hours after soaking have 9,15 cm and significant different between wet gunny sack germination method that have 5,40 cm. Keywords : seed germination, soaking method, Theobroma cacao L., cocoa seedlings

scholarly journals PEMATAHAN DORMANSI BENIH KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guinensis Jacq.) MENGGUNAKAN KALIUM NITRAT (KNO3) DAN AIR KELAPA

AgriPeat ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (01) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Kaliamsyah Sinaga ◽  
Chotimah Hastin Ernawati Nur CC ◽  
Yusurum Jagau
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Randomized Design

The aim of this study were, 1) to find out and study the effect of KNO3 immersion treatment on oil palm seed germination; 2) to find out and study the effect of coconut water immersion treatment on oil palm seed germination; 3) to find out and study the interactions that occur between KNO3 immersion treatment and coconut water to oil palm seed germination. This research was conducted in July 2019 until August 2019 in the Laboratory of the Department of Agriculture Cultivation, Faculty of Agriculture, Palangka Raya University using a Completely Randomized Design with 2 factors. The first factor is the concentration of KNO3: K0 (0%); K1 (0.2%); K2 (0.4%); K3 (0.6%) and the second factor is coconut water concentration, B0 (0%); B1 (60%); B2 (80%); B3 (100%). The parameters observed were first count germination, maximum growth potential, germination power, growth speed, radicle length, plumular length and dormancy intensity. The results showed that the treatment of KNO3 concentration significantly affected first count germination, maximum growth potential, germination rate, growth speed and dormancy intensity. Treatment of coconut water concentration significantly affected first count germination, maximum growth potential, germination rate, growth speed and dormancy intensity. The interaction between the treatment of KNO3 concentration and coconut water concentration had no significant effect on all observed parameters

scholarly journals Harvesting Criteria and Drying Methods to Improve the Quality of Foxtail Millet Seeds (Setaria italica L. Beauv.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 168-176
Author(s):  
Putri Aulia Lainufar ◽  
Abdul Qadir ◽  
M. Rahmad Suhartanto ◽  
Sintho Wahyuning Ardie
Keyword(s):  
Seed Quality ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Growth Speed ◽  
Vigor Index

Foxtail millet is annual grasses with grains that are smaller than those of sorghum, rice, and wheat, and is considered one of the minor economic crops but with nutritional values similar to other major food crops. The development of millet as major cereal crop is considered challenging due to the low quality of its seeds, and studies have been conducted to improve millet’s seed quality. We conducted this study to determine the harvesting criteria of foxtail millet seeds based on the change in color of the panicles. We also wanted to determine the drying treatment, and evaluate the relationship between the position of the seed on the panicles and the seed viability and vigor. The first experiment was arranged based on a completely randomized design with panicle color as the first factor (green, yellow 75%, and brown) and drying time as the second factor (0 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours). The second experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with seed position as the main factor (base, middle, tip). The study was conducted on two genotypes of millet, i.e. “BOTOK 4” and “BOTOK 10”. The highest seed quality of “BOTOK 4” and “BOTOK 10” genotypes were obtained when the panicles were brown and dried for 72 hours; the seed chlorophyll content was the lowest and water content was 8.88%, with the highest viability and vigor, i.e., germination rate of 88.3%-90%, maximum growth potential of 92%-95.3%, normal sprout dry weight 596-620 mg, vigor index of 33.6% - 21.6%, and growth rate of 18.2%-17.1% etmal-1. The highest seed viability and vigor in “BOTOK 4” genotypes were obtained from the base position, i.e., 78.7% germination rate, maximum growth potential of 83.7%, vigor index of 56.5%, growth speed of 19.6 etmal-1, normal sprout dry weight of 48 mg, radicle length of 3.3 cm) and “BOTOK 10” genotypes from the middle position with 91.5% germination, maximum growth potential of 97.2%, vigor index  of 21.7%, growth speed of 17.0% etmal-1, and normal sprout dry weight 61 mg.

scholarly journals TEKNIK PENGEMASAN BENIH KAKAO (Theobroma cacao L) DALAM PENYIMPANAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Yulistiati Nengsih
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Recalcitrant Seeds ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L

Cocoa seeds are included in recalcitrant seeds that have the characteristic of aging and regrowth of seeds during storage, viability of seeds decreases when their water content is decreased (12-31%) and can not stand to be stored at low temperature and humidity. For the provision of quality seeds need to be mastered technology seed storage properly. The aim of this research is to get the proper packing technique in maintaining viability of cocoa seed (Theobroma cacao L) during storage. The research will be conducted from Pebruari to Juni 2018, at Batanghari University Basic Laboratory. The design used is the Randomized Complete environment with the treatment of cardboard packaging with several ventilation holes: P0 = cardboard without ventilation, P1 = 2% ventilation box, P2 = 4% ventilation box, P3 = 6% ventilation box and P4 = cardboard box 8 %. The observed variables were: percentage of moisture content, percentage of seeds germinated in storage, percentage of sprout gain after storage, germination rate after storage, percentage of moldy seeds in storage and identification mushrooms. To see the effect, F test was done at 5% level, then continued with Duncan test at ? 5%. The result of the research showed that the treatment of the packing ventilation had an effect on the percentage parameter of moldy and germinated seed in storage and seed viability and vigor. In the treatment between ventilation, did not show any difference, but economically recommended the use of ventilation by 8%. Until storage on day 12 of the treatment of packaging vents can withstand the fungus attack 17.19% compared to control. The amount of ventilation does not show ability to withstand viability and vigor after storage. The fungus identified in seed storage is Fusarium spp. and Aspergillus sppKeywords: Recalcitrant, viability, moisture content of seedsAbstrakBenih kakao termasuk benih rekalsitran yang mempunyai sifat mengalami penuaan dan kemunduran benih selama penyimpanan, viabilitas benih menurun apabila diturunkan kadar airnya (12-31%) dan tidak tahan disimpan pada suhu dan kelembaban rendah. Untuk pengadaan benih berkualitas perlu dikuasai teknologi penyimpanan benih secara tepat. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan teknik pengemasan yang tepat dalam mempertahankan viabilitas benih kakao (Theobroma cacao. L) selama penyimpanan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Pebruari sampai Juni 2018, di Laboratorium Dasar Universitas Batanghari. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan lingkungan Acak Lengkap dengan perlakuan kemasan kardus dengan beberapa lubang ventilasi yaitu : P0= kardus tanpa ventilasi, P1= kardus ventilasi 2%, P2= kardus ventilasi 4%, P3= kardus ventilasi 6 % dan P4= kardus ventilasi 8%. Peubah yang diamati adalah: Kadar air benih, persentase benih yang berkecambah dalam penyimpanan, persentase daya kecambah setelah penyimpanan, kecepatan berkecambah setelah penyimpanan, persentase benih berjamur dalam penyimpanan dan identifikasi jamur. Untuk melihat pengaruh perlakuan, dilakukan uji F pada taraf 5%, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan pada taraf ? 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ventilasi pengemasan berpengaruh terhadap peubah persentase benih berjamur dan berkecambah dalam penyimpanan serta viabilitas dan vigor benih. Pada perlakuan antar ventilasi, tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan, akan tetapi secara ekonomis dianjurkan penggunaan ventilasi sebesar 8%. Sampai penyimpanan pada hari ke-12 perlakuan ventilasi kemasan dapat menahan serangan jamur 17,19% dibandingkan kontrol. Jumlah ventilasi tidak menunjukkan mampu menahan viabilitas dan vigor setelah penyimpanan. Jamur yang teridentifikasi dalam penyimpanan benih adalah Fusarium spp. dan Aspergillus spp.Kata kunci : Rekalsitran, viabilitas, kadar air benih

PENGARUH UMUR MASAK POLONG TERHADAP VIABILITAS DAN VIGOR BENIH BEBERAPA AKSESI BENGKUANG (Pachyrhizus erosus)

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayda Krisnawati ◽  
M Muchlish Adie
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Growth Potential ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Full Size ◽  
Pachyrhizus Erosus

Seed germination uniformity and simultaneity of yam bean was related to pod maturity. A total of ten accessions of yam bean was planted at Kendalpayak Research Station, Malang (Indonesia) from May to October 2016. Yam bean pods of each accession were harvested at three developmental stages, i.e. full-size green pods, yellow pods, and brown/black pods. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized factorial design with three replications. The first factor was pod maturity and the second factor was yam bean accessions. Significant interactions between pod maturities with accessions were found on characters of epicotyl length, leaf length, leaf width, root dry weight, maximum growth potential, and germination rate at the 10th days of observation. The pod maturity at yellow stage gave the highest maximum growth potential and germination rate. The average germination rate of yellow pods was 8.15% per day which was, higher than those of green pods (3.83% per day) as well as black pods (3.73% per day). These yellow pods have optimal germination growth of compared to those of green as well as black pods. The practical implication of this research is the use of yellow pods as recommended seed source for yam bean cultivation. 

scholarly journals Accelerating Seed Germination and Juvenile Growth of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) to Manage Climate Variability through Hydro-Priming

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 419
Author(s):  
Siaka Dembélé ◽  
Robert B. Zougmoré ◽  
Adama Coulibaly ◽  
John P. A. Lamers ◽  
Jonathan P. Tetteh
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Crop Failure ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Early Season

Agriculture in Mali, a country in Sahelian West Africa, strongly depends on rainfall and concurrently has a low adaptive capacity, making it consequently one of the most vulnerable regions to climate change worldwide. Since early-season drought limits crop germination, and hence growth, ultimately yield during rain-fed depending on production is commonly experienced nowadays in Mali. Germination and establishment of key crops such as the staple sorghum could be improved by seed priming. The effects of hydro-priming with different water sources (e.g., distilled, tap, rain, river, well water) were evaluated respectively for three priming time durations in tepid e.g., at 25 °C (4, 8, and 12 h) and by hot water at 70 °C (in contrast to 10, 20, and 30 min.) in 2014 and 2015. Seed germination and seedling development of nine sorghum genotypes were monitored. Compared to non-primed seed treatments, hydro-priming significantly [p = 0.01] improved final germination percentage, germination rate index, total seedling length, root length, root vigor index, shoot length, and seedling dry weight. The priming with water from wells and rivers resulted in significant higher seed germination (85%) and seedling development, compared to the three other sources of water. Seed germination rate, uniformity, and speed were enhanced by hydro-priming also. It is argued that hydro-priming is a safe and simple method that effectively improve seed germination and seedling development of sorghum. If used in crop fields, the above most promising genotypes may contribute to managing early season drought and avoid failure of seed germination and crop failure in high climate variability contexts.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF PRIMING WITH SILVER FIR AND OREGANO ESSENTIAL OILS ON SEED GERMINATION AND VIGOUR OF SILENE SENDTNERI

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Erna Karalija ◽  
Fatima Pustahija ◽  
Adisa Parić
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Seed Vigour ◽  
Oregano Oil

UDK: 582.661.51:631.53.027]:547.913 In order to investigate the effects of seed priming with silver fir and oregano essential oils on certain important seedling characteristic and seed vigour of interesting endemic and horticultural species Silene sendtneri, an experiment was conducted based on randomized completely design with three replications. Traits such as germination rate, water content, dry weight, vigour index and photosynthetic pigments were analysed. Results revealed that the seedlings obtained with priming seeds showed increased growth, water content, vigour and photosynthetic pigment contents but decreased germination rate and dry weight compared with that obtained with non-primed seeds. Analysis of seed priming effects had demonstrated even germination rate is smaller the seedling vigour is slightly higher especially with all oregano oil treatments. We suggest that oregano oil has a potential as a priming agent for improvement of seedling synchrony, although at lower rate of germination.

scholarly journals The efficacy of different seed priming agents for promoting sorghum germination under salt stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245505
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Chen ◽  
Ruidong Zhang ◽  
Yifan Xing ◽  
Bing Jiang ◽  
Bang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Positive Effects

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seed germination is sensitive to salinity, and seed priming is an effective method for alleviating the negative effects of salt stress on seed germination. However, few studies have compared the effects of different priming agents on sorghum germination under salt stress. In this study, we quantified the effects of priming with distilled water (HP), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on sorghum seed germination under 150 mM NaCl stress. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress. Different priming treatments alleviated the germination inhibition caused by salt stress to varying degrees, and 50 mM CaCl2 was the most effective treatment. In addition, the mitigation effect of priming was stronger on root traits than on shoot traits. Mitigation efficacy was closely related to both the type of agent and the concentration of the solution. Principal component analysis showed that all concentrations of CaCl2 had higher scores and were clearly distinguished from other treatments based on their positive effects on all germination traits. The effects of the other agents varied with concentration. The priming treatments were divided into three categories based on their priming efficacy, and the 50, 100, and 150 mM CaCl2 treatments were placed in the first category. The 150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG, and 50 mM KCl treatments were placed in the second category, and the 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG, and 50 mM NaCl treatments were least effective and were placed in the third category. Choosing appropriate priming agents and methods for future research and applications can ensure that crop seeds germinate healthily under saline conditions.

scholarly journals (Agronomical and anatomical study of resulted early cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) grafting

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Prawoto ◽  
Nurul Qomariyah ◽  
Sri Rahayu ◽  
Bambang Kusmanadhi
Keyword(s):  
Theobroma Cacao ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Phytophthora Palmivora ◽  
Graft Union ◽  
Climate Type ◽  
C And N ◽  
Theobroma Cacao L ◽  
Cocoa Plantation

Cocoa grafting and budding is usually carried out on 4-5 month old seedling, thus it needs 9-12 months to be ready tranplanted to the field. Effort to shorten time in the nursery can be done by early propagation. The aim of this research was to study effect of clones, tying and foliar application of grafsticks on the percentage of graftake. This study was carried out in Kaliwining Experimental Station, 45 m a.s.l. and D climate type (Schmidt & Ferguson). First experiment was RCBD design and replicated 3 times, and factorial treatment 4 x 3. The first factor were clones, i.e. TSH 858, ICS 13, ICS 60 and DR 2, the second factor was grafstick wiring, i.e. without, wiring 2 and 4 weeks before using. The 2nd experiment using RCBD design replicated 3 times and factorial treatment 3 x 3 x 2. The first factor was clones, i.e. KW 162, KW 163 and KW 165; the second ones was wiring, i.e. without, wiring 2 and 4 weeks before using, and the 3rd factor was manuring, i.e. with and without foliar application. Rootstock was ICS 60 seedlings of 30 day old, and grafting method was cleft grafting above cotyledons. Variables observed include C and N total of the grafstick, percentage of graftake, shoot length, diameter, wet and dry weight. The result showed that because the grafstick flush periodically, graftstick wiring was not effective to increase total nutrient (C and N) on the grafstick. Furthermore, their effect on the graftake was not significant. Until 30 days first, percentage of graftake was 90-100%, but then decreased sharply to 30-60% depend on the clones. From the first experiment, DR 2 showed the highest graftake (62%), and KW 162 (39%) was the 2nd ones. Symptom on the death plants was started on the new leaves, that showed wilt, necrotic then fall. Isolation of those symptoms in the laboratory showed that Rhizoctonia solani, Phytophthora palmivora and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Anatomical analysis of the death graft union showed parenchymatous linked, weak and hollow when microtomised. Health union showed lignified accumulation that made tight union. It can be concluded that early cocoa grafting will success if the nursery is separated far from cocoa plantation, the medium is steril from soil borne disease, the graftstick is health, and tying of graft union must tight enough, then disease control must be done properly.Key Words : Theobroma cacao, clone, wiring, graft union, graftake.

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