scholarly journals SEASICKNESS - CURRENT STATE OF PREVENTION AND TREATMENT ISSUE

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
I. S. Drachev ◽  
V. I. Legeza ◽  
A. B. Seleznev
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Conflict Theory ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cholinergic Antagonists ◽  
Scopolamine Hydrobromide ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Sleeping Pills ◽  
Current State ◽  
Intersensory Conflict ◽  
Effective Drugs

The paper describes the current state of development of seasickness as one of movement disease variants. The given type of pathology occurs when combining different types of ship’s motion (rolling and pitching). Circular, vertical and slow movements induce more pronounced and frequent signs of seasickness than linear, horizontal and quick ones. In the view of majority of researchers, the most likely is an intersensory conflict theory i.e. violation of coherent functioning of afferent body systems performing spatial orientation, statokinetic equilibrium and keeping balance. The leading role is played by the functional dysfunction of the vestibular analyzer. The classification of means of preventing and stopping of motion sickness is given, the mechanisms of their action, specific activity and side effects are described. It has been shown that currently the most effective drugs are M-cholinergic antagonists (scopolamine hydrobromide) and H1-histamine antagonists of the 1st generation (dimenhydrinate, diphenhydramine, cyclizine, meclizine, promethazine, etc.). Of the antipsychotics and blockers of D2 receptors, prochlorperazine and metoclopramide are recommended. It is also worth to use prokinetics (domperidone, cisapride, renzapride, etc.), tranquilizers (barbiturates, benzodiazepines), sleeping pills and local anesthetics. Particular attention is paid to combination drugs, consisting of antiemetic and psychostimulating drugs, designed to maintain working capacity under the influence of seasickness factors on the body. Non-pharmacological means of preventing seasickness and alleviating its symptoms are described. The main directions of improving the system of measures aimed at maintaining efficiency in the presence of symptoms of seasickness are determined. 

scholarly journals Electro-Quasistatic Animal Body Communication for Untethered Rodent Biopotential Recording

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreeya Sriram ◽  
Shitij Avlani ◽  
Matthew P. Ward ◽  
Shreyas Sen
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Sensor Node ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The Body ◽  
Animal Body ◽  
Current State ◽  
Communication Modalities ◽  
First Time ◽  
Biopotential Recording

AbstractContinuous multi-channel monitoring of biopotential signals is vital in understanding the body as a whole, facilitating accurate models and predictions in neural research. The current state of the art in wireless technologies for untethered biopotential recordings rely on radiative electromagnetic (EM) fields. In such transmissions, only a small fraction of this energy is received since the EM fields are widely radiated resulting in lossy inefficient systems. Using the body as a communication medium (similar to a ’wire’) allows for the containment of the energy within the body, yielding order(s) of magnitude lower energy than radiative EM communication. In this work, we introduce Animal Body Communication (ABC), which utilizes the concept of using the body as a medium into the domain of untethered animal biopotential recording. This work, for the first time, develops the theory and models for animal body communication circuitry and channel loss. Using this theoretical model, a sub-inch$$^3$$ 3 [1″ × 1″ × 0.4″], custom-designed sensor node is built using off the shelf components which is capable of sensing and transmitting biopotential signals, through the body of the rat at significantly lower powers compared to traditional wireless transmissions. In-vivo experimental analysis proves that ABC successfully transmits acquired electrocardiogram (EKG) signals through the body with correlation $$>99\%$$ > 99 % when compared to traditional wireless communication modalities, with a 50$$\times$$ × reduction in power consumption.

Development of Gesture-based Commands for Natural User Interfaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1466-1467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shannon K. T. Bailey ◽  
Daphne E. Whitmer ◽  
Bradford L. Schroeder ◽  
Valerie K. Sims
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
The Body ◽  
Input Device ◽  
Natural Interfaces ◽  
User Input ◽  
Natural User Interfaces ◽  
Current State ◽  
Human Computer Interfaces ◽  
Extra Step ◽  
Study Participants

Human-computer interfaces are changing to meet the evolving needs of users and overcome limitations of previous generations of computer systems. The current state of computers consists largely of graphical user interfaces (GUI) that incorporate windows, icons, menus, and pointers (WIMPs) as visual representations of computer interactions controlled via user input on a mouse and keyboard. Although this model of interface has dominated human-computer interaction for decades, WIMPs require an extra step between the user’s intent and the computer action, imposing both limitations on the interaction and introducing cognitive demands (van Dam, 1997). Alternatively, natural user interfaces (NUI) employ input methods such as speech, touch, and gesture commands. With NUIs, users can interact directly with the computer without using an intermediary device (e.g., mouse, keyboard). Using the body as an input device may be more “natural” because it allows the user to apply existing knowledge of how to interact with the world (Roupé, Bosch-Sijtsema, & Johansson, 2014). To utilize the potential of natural interfaces, research must first determine what interactions can be considered natural. For the purpose of this paper, we focus on the naturalness of gesture-based interfaces. The purpose of this study was to determine how people perform natural gesture-based computer actions. To answer this question, we first narrowed down potential gestures that would be considered natural for an action. In a previous study, participants ( n=17) were asked how they would gesture to interact with a computer to complete a series of actions. After narrowing down the potential natural gestures by calculating the most frequently performed gestures for each action, we asked participants ( n=188) to rate the naturalness of the gestures in the current study. Participants each watched 26 videos of gestures (3-5 seconds each) and were asked how natural or arbitrary they interpreted each gesture for the series of computer commands (e.g., move object left, shrink object, select object, etc.). The gestures in these videos included the 17 gestures that were most often performed in the previous study in which participants were asked what gesture they would naturally use to complete the computer actions. Nine gestures were also included that were created arbitrarily to act as a comparison to the natural gestures. By analyzing the ratings on a continuum from “Completely Arbitrary” to “Completely Natural,” we found that the natural gestures people produced in the first study were also interpreted as the intended action by this separate sample of participants. All the gestures that were rated as either “Mostly Natural” or “Completely Natural” by participants corresponded to how the object manipulation would be performed physically. For example, the gesture video that depicts a fist closing was rated as “natural” by participants for the action of “selecting an object.” All of the gestures that were created arbitrarily were interpreted as “arbitrary” when they did not correspond to the physical action. Determining how people naturally gesture computer commands and how people interpret those gestures is useful because it can inform the development of NUIs and contributes to the literature on what makes gestures seem “natural.”

scholarly journals TouchYou: A wearable touch sensor and stimulator for using our own body as a remote sex interface

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-160
Author(s):  
Leonardo Mariano Gomes ◽  
Rita Wu
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Haptic Interfaces ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Remote Transmission ◽  
Touch Sensor ◽  
Current State ◽  
Sex Toys ◽  
Wearable Interfaces ◽  
Electrical Muscle

AbstractIn this article, we present TouchYou, a pair of wearable interfaces that enable affective touch interactions with people at long-distance. Through a touch-sensitive interface, which works by touch, pressure and capacitance, the body becomes the own input for stimulating the other body, which has a stimulation interface that enables the feeling of being touched. The person receives an electrical muscle stimulation, thermal and mechanical stimulation that react depending on the touch sensed by the first interface. By using the TouchYou, people can stimulate each other, using their own body, not only for sexual relations at a distance but for the production of affection and another way of feeling. We discuss the importance of the touch for human relationships, the current state of the art in haptic interfaces and how the technology can be used for the affection remote transmission. We present the design process of the TouchYou sensitive and stimulation interfaces, with a contribution of a method for developing custom touch sensors, we explore usage scenarios for the technology, including sex toys and sex robots and we present the concept of using the body as a remote sex interface.

Expression of a novel FGF in the Xenopus embryo. A new candidate inducing factor for mesoderm formation and anteroposterior specification

Development ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 114 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.V. Isaacs ◽  
D. Tannahill ◽  
J.M. Slack
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mesoderm Induction ◽  
Gastrula Stage ◽  
Blastula Stage ◽  
Mesoderm Formation ◽  
Low Levels

We have cloned and sequenced a new member of the fibroblast growth factor family from Xenopus laevis embryo cDNA. It is most closely related to both mammalian kFGF (FGF-4) and FGF-6 but as it is not clear whether it is a true homologue of either of these genes we provisionally refer to it as XeFGF (Xenopus embryonic FGF). Two sequences were obtained, differing by 11% in derived amino acid sequence, which probably represent pseudotetraploid variants. Both the sequence and the behaviour of in vitro translated protein indicates that, unlike bFGF (FGF-2), XeFGF is a secreted molecule. Recombinant XeFGF protein has mesoderm-inducing activity with a specific activity similar to bFGF. XeFGF mRNA is expressed maternally and zygotically with a peak during the gastrula stage. Both probe protection and in situ hybridization showed that the zygotic expression is concentrated in the posterior of the body axis and later in the tailbud. Later domains of expression were found near the midbrain/hindbrain boundary and at low levels in the myotomes. Because of its biological properties and expression pattern, XeFGF is a good candidate for an inducing factor with possible roles both in mesoderm induction at the blastula stage and in the formation of the anteroposterior axis at the gastrula stage.

Free radical peroxidation and natural antioxidants

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Oksana Anatolievna Gizinger ◽  
V. A. Dadali
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Nutritional Deficiency ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current State

Modern food products provide no more than 5-6% of the body's need for micronutrients, many of which are antioxidants. The current state of the problem of nutritional deficiency predetermines a chronic long-term deficiency of antioxidants in the diet. Providing the body with balanced polyvalent antioxidant complexes and normalizing its antioxidant status is the basis of health and active longevity.

scholarly journals Education for rural development and agribusiness in post-socialist Slovakia

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 133-137
Author(s):  
Danka Moravčíková ◽  
Izabela Adamičková ◽  
Peter Bielik
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Agricultural Education ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Current State ◽  
And Training

Agricultural education and training in the former Czechoslovakia has traditionally focused on fostering the position of cooperatives and state farms. The destruction of socialist agriculture and the reduction of commuting opportunities in the urban space during the transition have resulted in the handicapped socio-economic position of the Slovak countryside and its population. The role of education and training in fostering agribusiness growth and rural development could therefore become a crucial strategy. The aim of this article is to analyse the current state of education and training for agribusiness and for rural development in Slovakia using the methods of literature research and document analysis. The article interprets general trends in the development of adult education in Slovakia during the transition period. The main priorities and perspectives formulated in the national strategy for education in agriculture (for the period 2007-2013) are discussed in the mentioned context. With a focus on the leading role of the Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, the paper assesses the current status of formal and further agricultural education and training offered in academic and other educational institutions. The paper concludes by discussing implications, recommendations and challenges for developing education and training initiatives for agribusiness and rural development.

scholarly journals Epac signaling protein ligands as tools for studying their biological activity and creating new original drugs

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
G. V. Mokrov ◽  
T. D. Nikiforova ◽  
S. A. Kryzhanovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Physiological Functions ◽  
Signaling Protein ◽  
Protein Ligands ◽  
Biological Target ◽  
Effective Drugs ◽  
Structure And Functions

The review discusses modern views about the structure and functions of Epac proteins (exchange proteins directly activated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate). The involvement of Epac proteins both in the regulation of the physiological functions of the body and in the initiation of various pathological processes allows to consider them as a fundamentally new biological target for creating original, highly effective drugs. Information on existing Epac protein agonists and antagonists was collected, and the influence of Epac ligands structure on the values of their affinity and selectivity was analyzed. Presumptive mechanisms of the interaction of ligands with Epac proteins are presented.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Review of Cardiovascular Involvement in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e19
Author(s):  
Ruff Joseph Macale Cajanding
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Involvement ◽  
Health Care Systems ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiac Pathology ◽  
Current State ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Cardiovascular Involvement ◽  
Disease Causation ◽  
Care Systems ◽  
Clinically Significant

COVID-19 has emerged as one of the most devastating and clinically significant infectious diseases of the last decade. It has reached global pandemic status at an unprecedented pace and has placed significant demands on health care systems worldwide. Although COVID-19 primarily affects the lungs, epidemiologic reports have shown that the disease affects other vital organs of the body, including the heart, vasculature, kidneys, brain, and the hematopoietic system. Of importance is the emerging awareness of the effects of COVID-19 on the cardiovascular system. The current state of knowledge regarding cardiac involvement in COVID-19 is presented in this article, with particular focus on the cardiovascular manifestations and complications of COVID-19 infection. The mechanistic insights of disease causation and the relevant pathophysiology involved in COVID-19 as they affect the heart are explored and described. Relevant practice essentials and clinical management implications for patients with COVID-19 with a cardiac pathology are presented in light of recent evidence.

Respiratory gymnastics as a means of strengthening the health of student youth

2021 ◽  
pp. 135-137
Author(s):  
N. Shashlov
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
External Respiration ◽  
State Of Health ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Current State

The article analyzes the current state of health of students of higher education institutions. The importance of breathing exercises for student youth in a pandemic is determined. The necessity of using respiratory techniques to harden the body, improve the work of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems is substantiated. It is established that breathing exercises are a system of breathing exercises and an effective means of strengthening human health. During respiratory gymnastics our body is saturated with oxygen, blood circulation improves, metabolic processes are accelerated, emotional state is stabilized, immunity is strengthened. Breathing exercises improve and activate the function of external respiration, promote its faster recovery after exercise and have a specific effect on some respiratory diseases. Health is the main value of human life, to which man himself does not pay due attention. An important preventive factor in strengthening it is a healthy lifestyle. There are basic requirements for maintaining a healthy lifestyle - physical activity, nutrition, comfortable conditions and a rational mode of work and rest, optimal exercise, abandonment of bad habits, the use of traditional and non-traditional means of health. The problem of health, especially of students, is receiving more and more attention. The state of health of students can be classified as high risk. The transition from one learning environment to another, more intensive, requires the body of the future student to pay more attention to the work of critical systems, including respiratory. There are many issues related to the formation of new approaches to health promotion.

Fermentative extraction of Amylase using waste Biomaterials as Substrate

2021 ◽  
pp. 4580-4582
Author(s):  
Sharmila S. ◽  
Preetha S. ◽  
Kowsalya E. ◽  
Kamalambigeswari R. ◽  
L. Jeyanthi Rebecca
Keyword(s):  
Specific Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Molecules ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Crude Sample ◽  
Groundnut Shell

Enzymes are biological molecules that significantly speed up the rate of virtually all of the chemical reactions that takes place within the cells. They are vital for life and serve as a wide range of important functions in the body. Solid state fermentation holds a high potential for the production of enzyme amylase using Aspergillus niger. In this work, different solid substrates such as groundnut shells, coconut coir and Palmyra sprout peels were used for the production of amylase as they are very cheap and also easily available raw materials. Then the maximum enzyme activities were analysed. Results showed that the enzyme activity of for which palmyra sprout peel was used as substrate had maximum activity in both crude sample (0.63µmol/ml.min) and in partially purified sample (1.42µmol/ml.min) and activity was found to be less for groundnut shell as substrate (crude sample 0.36µmol/ml.min) and in (treated sample 0.26µmol/ml.min) and also the specific activity was found to be maximum in palmyra sprout peel (29.2U/mg of protein) and less in groundnut shell (8.6U/mg of protein).

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