scholarly journals The Notion of Common and Social Representations

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-314
Author(s):  
Denise Jodelet
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Specific Domain ◽  
Political Dimension ◽  
Daily Experience ◽  
Recent Emergence ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The Common ◽  
New Perspective

The recent emergence of social and political movements calling for common sense and the use of the notion of common in philosophy and social sciences has led to the opening of a reflection on the social and scientific representations concerning them. After having mentioned some political uses of the notions of common sense and common, we examine a notion that is closely associated with them: that of community on which S. Moscovici expresses a reserved position but introduces a new perspective on cybercommunities and the importance attached to affectivity in community groups. The ways of dealing with common sense, identified over time, from antiquity to the present day, highlight certain recurrences from a double perspective. From a typological point of view, several characterizations are distinguished: through simple sharing, through the sameness of moral values and emotional dimensions, through rooting in daily experience, through its devaluation as a form of knowledge in relation to science, through rationality, through its potential for revolt or on the contrary through conformity. From a conceptual point of view, common sense is analyzed as an epistemic characteristic of a group, in its content, formation, transmission, and role in social cohesion. The latest developments in the reflection highlight its link with democracy and populism. The term common of recent appearance is situated opposite the notion of common goods which, after having focused on material realities, now integrates the facts and practices of knowledge, being the subject of a specific domain: the commons of knowledge. The common appears as a new way of approaching social relationships and responds to the desire to introduce a relational, ethical and political dimension into the analysis of social and change processes. In this respect, the call to the common presents affinities with the approach of social representations. The examination of the different scientific and secular representations regarding the notions of community, common sense and common makes it possible to establish connections with the perspective of the study of social representations and to open the way for new investigations.

„Seltsame Frage. –“– Eine Interpretation von PU § 263

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Mühlhölzer
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Future ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Common

AbstractIn the first sentence of PI § 263 - “»Surely I can (inwardly) resolve to call THIS ›pain‹ in the future.«” - Wittgenstein uses the word “pain” and not, as one would expect, the sign “S” of §§ 258, 260 and 261 because this sentence is voiced by a common sense person who doesn’t yet see the deep difference between “S” and “pain” as it is demonstrated in the sections before. The subsequent twofold question - “»But is it certain that you have resolved this? Are you sure that it was enough for this purpose to concentrate your attention on your feeling?«” - is Wittgenstein’s own question, induced by his philosophical considerations before, but now seen from the point of view of the common sense person with whom Wittgenstein temporarily identifies himself. He looks at the philosopher Wittgenstein with the eyes of the common sense person Wittgenstein. This explains why not only the first sentence of § 263 but also the subsequent question is put in quotation marks. It furthermore explains why Wittgenstein writes at the end: “An odd question.” From a common sense standpoint the question certainly sounds odd. What does the dash at the end of § 263 mean? According to the interpretation just given, it may be understood as follows: the dashes before and after “An odd question” can be read as quotation marks indicating that this remark is voiced by the common sense Wittgenstein in response to the philosopher Wittgenstein.

Facing Organizational Change

2021 ◽  
pp. 742-760
Author(s):  
Filippo Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Change ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Change Agent ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Change Agency ◽  
Academic World ◽  
Skill Mismatch ◽  
The Common

This chapter aims to present the obstacles both scholars and practitioners must overcome in facing organizational change. Indeed, too often practitioners lack any rigorous evidence-based background and rely on their previous experience and common sense. At the same time, scholars too often work in a very separated academic world, thus ignoring the actual problems that professionals face in actual firms. Being both a scholar and a practitioner, the author highlights the common challenges likely to be faced by change agents when facilitating organizational change: recognizing the readiness of the involved people to change, their skill mismatch, their previous change history, and the level of cynicism. A fully reflective change agent must consider these factors in designing and implementing an evidence-based organizational change and development (EBOCD) initiative and change agency process if he or she wishes to achieve positive outcomes both from the organizational and the involved people's point of view.

scholarly journals A ESPERANÇA INDÍGENA ATRAVÉS DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS BRASILEIRAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Marcio Magera Conceição ◽  
Ricardo Shitsuka ◽  
Maria Fani Scheibel ◽  
Max Leandro de Araújo Brito
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Keywords Education

A ESPERANÇA INDÍGENA ATRAVÉS DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS BRASILEIRAS INDIGENOUS HOPE THROUGH BRAZILIAN PUBLIC POLICIES LA ESPERANZA INDÍGENA POR MEDIO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS BRASILEÑAS RESUMO Estima-se que os povos indígenas no Brasil contavam com uma população em torno de 2 a 5 milhões de habitantes na época do descobrimento. Atualmente há cerca de um milhão. Há o desânimo e a falta de perspectivas nesses povos muitos dos quais vivem em regiões afastadas nas matas O objetivo do artigo é desvelar as representações sociais associadas às perspectivas desses povos e a sua possibilidade de melhoria. Realiza-se uma pesquisa na qual se verifica as representações sociais por meio de entrevista, no ano de 2017, em graduandos de um curso de Licenciatura Indígena. Verificou-se nos entrevistados, a presença do senso comum que aponta para a necessidade da educação dos povos indígenas. Observou-se a esperança para melhoria das condições desses povos que vem através dos cursos de Licenciatura Indígena que têm ajudado a preservar aspectos histórico-sociais, culturais e possibilidades futuras uma vez que os licenciados voltam para suas aldeias para trabalhar a educação básica nos jovens. Palavras-chave: Educação; Ensino; Licenciatura intercultural; Formação Indígena; Confiança. ABSTRACT It is estimated that indigenous peoples in Brazil had a population of about 2 to 5 million inhabitants at the time of discovery. There are now about one million. There is discouragement and lack of perspective on these peoples, many of whom live in remote regions of the forest. The purpose of this article is to unveil the social representations associated with the perspectives of these peoples and their possibility of improvement. A research is carried out in which the social representations are verified by means of interviews, in the year of 2017, in undergraduates of an Indigenous Licentiate course. It is verified among the interviewees, the common sense that points to the need of education of indigenous peoples. It was observed the hope for the improvement of the conditions of these peoples that come through the courses of Indigenous teachers formation that have helped to preserve historical-social aspects, cultural and future possibilities once graduates return to their villages to work on basic education of young people. Keywords: Education; Teaching; Intercultural bachelor; Indigenous formation; Confidence. RESUMEN Se estima que los pueblos indígenas en Brasil contaban con una población de alrededor de 2 a 5 millones de habitantes en la época del descubrimiento. Actualmente hay cerca de un millón. Hay el desánimo y la falta de perspectivas en esos pueblos muchos de los cuales viven en regiones alejadas en los bosques. El objetivo del presente artículo es desvelar las representaciones sociales asociadas a las perspectivas de esos pueblos y su posibilidad de mejora. Se realiza una investigación en la que se verifican las representaciones sociales por medio de entrevista, en el año de 2017, en graduandos de un curso de Licenciatura Indígena. Se observó en los entrevistados el sentido común que apunta a la necesidad de la educación de los pueblos indígenas. Se trató de una esperanza para mejorar las condiciones de esos pueblos que vienen a través de los cursos de Licenciatura Indígena que han ayudado a preservar aspectos histórico-sociales, culturales y posibilidades futuras una vez que los licenciados regresan a sus aldeas para trabajar la educación básica en los jóvenes. Palabras clave: Educación; Enseñanza; Licenciatura intercultural; Formación indígena; Confianza.

Informar o Óbito aos Familiares: Significados e Sentimentos dos Médicos / To Inform the Death to One's Relatives: Meanings and Feelings of the Doctors

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Kamila Alessandra Maia ◽  
Ana Maria Nassar Cintra Soane ◽  
Aldaíza Ferreira Antunes Fortes
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Difficult Situation ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ethics In Research

Objetivo: Conhecer os significados e sentimentos de médicos de duas Instituições de Saúde, ao terem que informar o óbito aos familiares. Materiais e métodos: Estudo qualitativo, exploratório, descritivo, transversal e de campo. Contou com 20 médicos participantes, amostragem do tipo não-probabilística intencional. Realizada a coleta de dados por meio de entrevista semiestruturada, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Na análise de dados foi utilizado o método do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo sob o referencial das Representações Sociais. Resultados: Os resultados revelaram que os significados de informar o óbito aos familiares relatados, com maior frequência, pelos médicos foram: “Situação difícil” e “Condição inerente da profissão”. Em relação aos sentimentos relatados com maior frequência foram: “Triste” e “Impotência”. Conclusão: Divergindo do senso comum, este estudo evidenciou que os médicos, mesmo não transparecendo, sofrem diante do óbito de seus pacientes.  Palavras Chave: Morte, comunicação, família.  Objective: To know the meanings and feelings of doctors of two Institutions of Health, when having to inform the death of a person to their relatives. Material and Methods: Qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, transverse and of field study. It was performed with 20 doctors and the sampling was of the non-probabilistic intentional type. Accomplished the collection of data through semi-structured interview, after approval of the Committee of Ethics in Research. In the analysis of data the method of the Collective Subject's Speech was used under the reference of the Social Representations. Results: The results revealed that the meanings of informing the death to one’s relatives, more frequently, for the doctors were: "Difficult situation" and "Inherent Condition of the profession". In relation to the feelings related, the most frequent were: "Sad" and "Helplessness". Conclusion: Diverging from the common sense, this study suggested that the doctors, even when not showing, suffer with their patients' death.  Keywords: Death, communication, family.

Sidgwick's Ethical Maxims

Philosophy ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 34 (130) ◽  
pp. 217-228
Author(s):  
A. R. Lacey
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Moral Experience ◽  
Philosophical Basis ◽  
Common Sense View ◽  
The Common ◽  
Points Of View

Utilitarianism has been attacked many times and from many points of view. Among other objections has been the charge that it cannot account for the moral phenomena connected with justice; we are interested, it is said, not only in producing as much good as possible, but also in distributing it in a certain way. The Utilitarian usually replies that these phenomena either can be deduced from Utilitarianism or are illusory, but a natural reluctance to go against the data of our moral experience usually inclines him to the first alternative. One of the most interesting of the Utilitarians from this point of view is Sidgwick, because he makes Utilitarianism his philosophical basis, but at the same time he has a set of maxims (ME 3.13)2 part of whose purpose is to cover the common-sense views on justice. In this article I shall consider the relations between these maxims and Utilitarianism, and shall try to show by means of an example that some of them do go beyond Utilitarianism, and that in so far, at any rate, as these maxims do represent the common-sense view, it and Utilitarianism are not in all cases strictly reconcilable.

scholarly journals Mosquito-Borne Diseases: Social Representations of a University Community in Endemic Outbreaks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 486-493
Author(s):  
Sylvain Delouvée ◽  
Gail Moloney ◽  
Kathleen McColl ◽  
Grégory Lo Monaco
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Social Representations ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Lay Theories ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
Correspondence Factor Analysis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Access Information ◽  
The Impact

(1) Background: Studying social representations as lay theories allows for a better understanding of the common sense knowledge constructed around mosquito-borne diseases and the impact this may have on attitudes and behaviors. (2) Methods: A hierarchical evocation questionnaire was circulated through an Australian academic community and analyzed by prototypical analysis and correspondence factor analysis. (3) Results: Representational areas are regulated by participant age and whether or not they had contracted a mosquito-borne disease. (4) Conclusions: Collecting and understanding social representations has the potential to help social actors implement strategies that encourage people to access information and adopt behaviors in line with the scientific reality of the phenomenon, rather than limiting lay theories.

scholarly journals DIVULGADORES E CIENTISTAS

Entrelinhas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-108
Author(s):  
Melquíades Paceli Sandes Barros
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Methodological Foundation ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Common ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Analysis Point

Resumo – Este artigo analisa a atribuição da responsabilidade enunciativa ou ponto de vista em notícias de divulgação científica da Revista Galileu on-line, tendo por objetivo discutir a assunção dos pontos de vista assumidos pelo locutor enunciador ou materializados nas focalizações epistêmica e perceptiva, nos conectores argumentativos e no acordo entre dois locutores. Estendem-se a este objetivo as restrições discursivas exigidas pela situação de comunicação de divulgação científica. A análise teve como fundamentação teórica e metodológica a Análise Textual dos Discursos elaborada por Adam, a Linguística da Enunciação de Rabatel e o conceito de restrições discursivas da Semiolinguística de Charaudeau. Compõem os dados da pesquisa duas notícias de divulgação científica publicadas no site da Revista Galileu on-line. Os resultados da análise apontam que a entrada da ciência nas notícias obedece a uma regularidade: ela ocorre não só pela fonte do saber científico (mediação epistêmica), mas também pelo senso comum (mediação perceptiva), pelo locutor enunciador, pela coenunciação e, ainda, por via dos conectores argumentativos.Palavras-chave: Responsabilidade Enunciativa; Mídia; Divulgação científica, Revista Galileu. Abstract - This article analyzes the attribution of enunciative responsibility or point of view in scientific popularization news published in the magazine Galileuonline, aiming to discuss the assumption of the points of view assumed by the enunciating speaker or materialized in the epistemic and perceptive focuses, in the argumentative connectors and in the agreement between two speakers. The discursive restrictions required by the communicative situation of scientific popularization are extended to this objective. The analysis had as theoretical and methodological foundation the Textual Analysis of Discourses elaborated by Adam, the Enunciation Linguistics by Rabatel and the concept of discursive restrictions from the Semiolinguistics by Charaudeau. The research data are composed of two scientific popularization news published in the magazineGalileu website. The results of the analysis point out that the entrance of science in the news obeys a regularity: it occurs not only by the source of scientific knowledge (epistemic mediation), but also by the common sense (perceptive mediation), by the enunciating speaker, by the coenunciation and, in addition, through the argumentative connectors. Keywords: Enunciative Responsibility; Media; Scientific Popularization; Magazine Galileu.  

scholarly journals Rationality in mental disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-36
Author(s):  
Valentina Cardella
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Delusional Disorder ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Severe Mental Disorders ◽  
The Common ◽  
Normal Controls

The idea that mental illnesses are impairments in rationality is very old, and very common (Kasanin 1944; Harvey et al. 2004; Graham 2010). But is it true? In this article two severe mental disorders, schizophrenia and delusional disorder, are investigated in order to find some defects in rationality. Through the analysis of patients’ performances on different tests, and the investigation of their typical reasoning styles, I will show that mental disorders can be deficits in social cognition, or common sense, but not in rationality (Sass 1992; Johnson-Laird et al. 2006; Bergamin 2018). Moreover, my claim is that psychopathological patients can also be, in some circumstances, more logical than normal controls (Kemp et al. 1997; Owen et al. 2007). From a philosophical point of view these data seem to be very relevant, because they help us to reconsider our idea of rationality, and to challenge the common way to look at sanity and mental illness.

Cancer Patients’ Perception of Being or Not Being Confirmed

2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagfinn Nåden ◽  
Berit Sæteren
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Hermeneutic Approach ◽  
The Common

The aim of this study was to obtain in-depth knowledge about caring confirmation of patients with cancer, from the patients’ point of view. The research topic was: what is the significance for patients of their being confirmed by nursing personnel? Fifteen men and women between 43 and 80 years of age participated in this study. The method of data collection used was qualitative research interviewing. A hermeneutic approach was used to interpret the data, in which Kvale’s self-perception, the ‘common sense’ level, and theoretical levels were applied. The results are summarized in three areas: an outer confirmation, an inner confirmation, and a lack of the latter. Outer confirmation meant being understood and taken seriously; the maintenance of human dignity and worth indicated inner confirmation. A lack of inner confirmation is primarily manifest in terms of patients’ mental, spiritual and existential concerns. In relation to the theory of Eriksson, these patients were confirmed at the level of having and being, but seldom at the level of becoming.

scholarly journals ONE BELT ONE ROAD FROM THE GEOPOLITICAL POINT OF VIEW

Globus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Guo ◽  
Yin Qun
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
The State ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Rising Powers ◽  
Power And Control ◽  
One Belt One Road ◽  
Historical Analogy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Cognitive Foundations ◽  
And Control

Western geopolitical studies have evolved over a hundred years, forming a systematic and authoritative classical geopolitical theory, providing a set of thought models and epistemological frameworks related to geopolitics, that is, "Western geopolitical imagination." Affected by this, contemporary western geopolitical elites will have two kinds of habitual thinking when interpreting China’s “OBOR” Initiative: the first is the historical analogy, by comparing China with the rising powers in history; the second is the common sense, by imagining that China will imitate itself pursuit of expansion and hegemony. This article critiques the cognitive foundations of traditional western geopolitical theories, and points out that neither the “OBOR” Initiative pursues power and control, nor follow the “state-centrism” path, nor take the perspective of the “dichotomy” of land and sea confrontation. It is an attempt to transcend traditional geopolitical thinking.

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