scholarly journals TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN PADA TRANSAKSI JUAL BELI ONLINE

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masyitah
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Financial Loss ◽  
Online Transactions ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Online Trading

Abstract:This paper purpose to find out how the consumer protection of online transactions according to positive law and review of Islamic law about consumer protection in online transactions. Based on resultof study found that the legislation can be used as the basis of consumer protection law in onlinetransactions areUU/11/2008 about Information and Electronic Transactions, supplemented by PP/82/2012 about  the Implementation of Electronic Transaction System and Transactions,  and UU/8/1999 about  Consumer Protection. Forms of consumer protection in online transaction  according to positive law such as legal certainty for consumers and businessmen of online shop, provide criminal sanctions to businessmen  who inflict a financial loss on consumers, and also protect the rights and obligations of consumers. The form of consumer protection in online transactionaccording to Islamic law is interdiction in al-Quran and hadith about gharar, fraudulent practices and prohibition of cheating. The cancellation of online trading, compensation and  application of khiyar are also a form of consumer protection in online transaction.  Bagaimana perlindungan konsumen pada transaksi jual beli online menurut undang-undang  dan tinjauan hukum islam terhadap perlindungan konsumen pada transaksi jual beli online. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa perundang-undangan yang dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar hukum perlindungan konsumen pada transaksi jual beli online adalah UU No. 11 tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik, dilengkapi dengan PP No. 82 tahun 2012 tentang Penyelenggaraan Sistem dan Transaksi Elektronik dan UU No. 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. Bentuk perlindungan konsumen pada jual beli online menurut undang-undang diantaranya berupa kepastian hukum bagi konsumen dan pelaku usaha jual beli online, memberikan sanksi pidana kepada pelaku usaha yang merugikan konsumen, dan melindungi hak dan kewajiban konsumen. Bentuk perlindungan hukum jual beli online menurut hukum Islam adalah berupa larangan dalam al-Quran dan hadis tentang jual beli gharar, praktik penipuan dan larangan berbuat curang. Pembatalan jual beli online dan ganti rugi serta penerapan hak khiyar dalam jual beli online juga merupakan bentuk dari perlindungan konsumen jual beli online. Kata kunci: hukum Islam, perlindungan konsumen dan transaksi jual beli online.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study on the Principles of Online Buying and Selling from the Perspectives of Islamic Law and Indonesian Positive Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwiyana Achmad Hartanto
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Online Trading ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Online Buying

The study aims to analyze the comparative perspectives between Islamic Law and Indonesian Positive Law in the practices of online buying and selling (trading). This study uses a juridical and normative approach with a specification of descriptive-analytical research. The data comes from primary law, secondary law, and tertiary law, and the researcher used a qualitative method to analyse the data. The shift and development of offline-based buying and selling (trading) practices to online practices today has required special regulation in the Indonesian Positive Law. The absence of specific rules regarding the practice of online buying and selling indicates that these activities should be subjected to the existing positive Indonesian laws. The principle of freedom of making contracts in the Civil Code (KUH Perdata) provides freedom to make any trade agreements. For the sake of legal certainty in the execution of online buying and selling, the parties must refer to the provisions of the Civil Code, the Information and Electronic Transaction Law (ITE Law), and the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK Law) that are relevant to the trading practice. In addition to these provisions, Islamic Law within the scope of mu’amalah also provides guidelines for the practice of direct buying and selling, but not online buying and selling; however, Islamic law also provides freedom in mu’amalah. The existence of these provisions makes it interesting to conduct a comparative study on the principles of online trading practices from the perspectives of Islamic law and Indonesian positive law. Islamic Law considers it legal to conduct online buying and selling if the terms and conditions of buying and selling are fulfilled, if it provides benefits and negates harm, and if it does not conflict with Al-Qur’an and Al-Hadith, and if it can be designated as al-‘adatu muhakkamah (a custom which is defined as law). According to the Indonesian positive law, in principle, online trading is legal as long as it fulfills the provisions of trading, that is the fulfillment of the terms, elements, principles, rights, and obligations of the parties regulated in the provisions of the Civil Code, Information and Electronic Transaction’s Law, and Consumer Protection Law, along with providing legal assurance and protection for the parties. Keywords: comparative study, online buying and selling, Islamic law, Indonesian positive law

scholarly journals Islamic Perspective In Consumers Protecting Of E-Commerce Transactions In Indonesia

IKONOMIKA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-70
Author(s):  
Ricco Andreas ◽  
Pingkan Retno Andini ◽  
Sija Putra Rulanda
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
The Public ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Laws And Regulations

ABSTRACTElectronic transaction mechanism in Indonesia often cause losses to consumers. Consumer protection should be applied in all conditions in transactions,both in conventional and manual transactions.But with the development of the electronic world, the public questions whether electronic transactions held in electronic systems can protect their rights as consumers. How Islamic Law and Government Regulation  No. 82 of 2012 on the Implementation System and Electronic Transactions can be set, and protect the rights of consumers who transact in e-commerce? The method used is the type of normative juridical research, the research focused on reviewing the application of the rules or norms of positive law. Results of the discussion are: e-commerce, can make consumers impressed and interested in buying goods that are marketed. It also became one of the reasons consumers prefer to shop via the Internet. But ignorance of the agreement in e-commerce transactions is as proof of legal agreements often make prospective customers do not dare to carry out a transaction and choose to cancel the transaction because it feels it will be very detrimental and cannot be prosecuted if the business actor defaults or is against the law. So in this paper we will discuss how the laws and regulations relating to ITE can protect the rights of consumers in e-commerce purchases.Keywords: Islamic Perspective,Consumer Protection, E-Commerce Transactions

scholarly journals Perlindungan Bagi Hak Konsumen dan Tanggung Jawab Pelaku Usaha Dalam Perjanjian Transaksi Elektronik

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-64
Author(s):  
Desy Ary Setyawati ◽  
Dahlan Ali ◽  
M. Nur Rasyid
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Consumer Rights ◽  
Correct Information ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Commercial Transaction ◽  
Legal Relief

Transaksi elektronik adalah  suatu transaksi perdagangan atau perniagaan baik berupa penyebaran, pembelian, penjualan, pemasaran barang dan jasa dengan menggunakan media elektronik yang terhubung melalui internet. Dengan adanya transaksi elektronik sangat menguntungkan bagi pihak konsumen dalam memilih berbagai jenis barang namun pelanggaran hak-hak konsumen sangat memungkinkan terjadi  mengingat transaksi elektronik mempunyai karakteristik yang berbeda dengan transaksi konvensional. Untuk itu diperlukannya perlingan hukum terhapa konsumen dalam jual beli barang yang mengandung unsure penyalahgunaan keadaan yang dihubungkan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (UUPK). Penyalahgunaan keadaan yang sering dilakukan oleh pihak pelaku usaha adalah melanggar Pasal 4 UUPK tentang hak-hak konsumen. Penyalahgunaan keadaan juga dapat dilakukan oleh pihak pelaku usaha dengan mencantumkan klausula baku tidak sesuai dengan Pasal 18 UUPK tentang larangan pencantuman klausula baku.  Akibat dari penyalahgunaan keadaan dari pihak pelaku usaha mengakibatkan pihak konsumen mengalami kerugian dan mengakibatkan terjadinya wanprestasi. Selain UUPK dalam transaksi elektronik mengenai perlindungan terhadap konsumen juga diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik (UUITE). UUITE menjelaskan tentang tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap konsumen yang terdapat dalam Pasal 9 UUITE yang menyatakan bahwa,” Pelaku usaha yang menawarkan produk melalui sistem elektronik harus menyediakan informasi yang lengkap dan benar berkaitan dengan syarat kontrak, produsen, dan produk yang ditawarkan”. Pasal ini menjelaskan tanggung jawab pelaku usaha dalam memberikan informasi yang sebenarnya mengenai toko online miliknya dan informasi terkait pencantuman klausula baku untuk menghindari terjadinya wanprestasi antara pihak konsumen dan pelaku usaha. Dalam kondisi seperti ini sepatutnya negara hadir terutama dalam wujud hukum yang mengatur dan memberi perlindungan kepada konsumen, seperti yang dijelaskan dalam Pasal 1 angka 1  UUPK menyebutkan bahwa Perlindungan Konsumen adalah segala upaya yang menjamin adanya kepastian hukum untuk memberi perlindungan kepada konsumen.Electronic transaction is a trading or commercial transaction in the form of distributing, purchasing, selling, marketing of goods and services by using electronic media connected via internet. With the electronic transaction is very beneficial for the consumer in choosing various types of goods but violations of consumer rights is possible because electronic transactions have characteristics different from conventional transactions. Therefore, the need for legal relief on consumers in buying and selling of goods containing elements of misuse of the circumstances associated with the Act Number 8, 1999 concerning Customer Protection (UUPK). Abuse of the state that is often done by the business actor is violating Article 4 UUPK concerning consumer rights. Abuse of the situation can also be done by the business actor by stating the standard clause does not comply with Article 18 UUPK about the ban on the inclusion of the standard clause. As a result of misuse of the circumstances of the business actors resulted in the consumer losses and resulted in a default. In addition to UUPK in electronic transactions concerning consumer protection is also regulated in the Information and Electronic Transaction Act (UUITE). UUITE explains the business actors' responsibility to consumers contained in Article 9 UUITE states that, "Business actors offering products through electronic systems must provide complete and correct information relating to the terms of contracts, producers and offered products". This Article describes the responsibility of business actors in providing actual information about their online store and information related to the inclusion of standard clauses to avoid the occurrence of wanprestasi between the consumer and business actor. Under these circumstances, the state should be present primarily in the form of laws that regulate and provide protection to consumers, as described in Article 1 point 1 UUPK mention that Consumer Protection is any effort that ensures legal certainty to provide protection to consumers.

ANALISIS KEPASTIAN HUKUM ALAT BUKTI PADA PERJANJIAN ELEKTRONIK BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2008 TENTANG INFORMASI DAN TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-42
Author(s):  
Endeh Suhartini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crime ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Electronic Documents ◽  
Legal Evidence ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Legal Writing ◽  
Article 5

The study, entitled "Analysis of Legal Certainty Evidence In the Treaty Electronics Based on Law No. 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions" seeks to answer two formulation of the problem is how the legal certainty of evidence in the agreement electronically based on Law No. 11 Year 2008 on Information and Electronic transactions and the things that are prohibited in the use of Electronic technology is based on Law Number 11 Year 2008 on Information and Electronic transactions ?. The method used is the method of normative legal writing is a writing that examines the application of positive law within the society and protected by law, in addition to writing also uses the method of writing the empirical (sociological). From the studies undertaken are: Legal Certainty of evidence by the Treaty Electronics based on Article 5 of Law No. 11 of 2008 that the Electronic Information and Electronic Documents have legal certainty could be submitted as legal evidence for the interest of the parties in the event of disputes and can be brought to court if the interests require and prohibited the use of technology Electronic Transaction Agreement as provided for in Article 27 and 37 of Law. No. 11 of 2008 on Information and Electronic Transactions is to provide limits and reducing the legal problems that would be detrimental to the party where the effect of the transaction agreement that enabled it to be published data and information can be misused by unscrupulous people who do not responsible. Some of the problems that would be detrimental to them: The presence of Criminal Fraud, extortion, defamation, and the Economic Crime which would be detrimental to the parties as well as the problems of adverse privately and publicly.

scholarly journals Kepastian Hukum Pelaksanaan Khiyar Syarat Dalam Bai’Salam Online Melalui Instagram

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-129
Author(s):  
Wahyu Wahyu ◽  
Rahmadi Indra Tektona
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Online Trading ◽  
State Employees ◽  
Online Buying

Islam strongly emphasizes that all economic activities carried out by humans in the world are an accountability that must be in accordance with Islamic law. In the Sharia economy there are khiyar rights which are expected to provide good benefits in the sale and purchase agreement and make buying and selling activities in accordance with the principles of Islamic law, it is consensual and also providing benefits to the parties in accordance with the provisions in Islamic law and the existence of willingness or sincerity in buying and selling activities in accordance with the Koran and hadith. Currently, many buying and selling transactions are carried out online, one of which is using the social media, Instagram, which has millions of users who can exceed time and space. Many business actors ranging from housewives, students, state employees, private employees who post goods to be traded on Instagram, behind this convenience, of course there are problems, it is the existing image and the merchant’s reputation is something that is highly valued in online trading. The problem that arises in the online buying and selling contract is the mismatch of goods with pictures and descriptions on social media resulting in a one-sided cancellation of the purchase of ordered goods by the buyer and this results in losses to the seller, even though before the transaction the two parties have mutually agreed. The research objective of this paper was to analyze legal certainty in the implementation of khiyar in purchasing ordered goods in online buying and selling transactions via Instagram, the research method used is normative juridical, the results of research on the form of legal certainty in the implementation of khiyar. Keywords: Legal certainty, Khiyar Syarat, Bai’ Salam Online

scholarly journals Juridical Implementation of Distribution Assets for the Inheritance to Adopted by Islamic Law Compilation

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 763
Author(s):  
Noor Handayani ◽  
Akhmad Khisni
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Adopted Children ◽  
Literature Analysis ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Adopted Child ◽  
Inheritance Law ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Will ◽  
Legal Consequences

The purpose of this study was to: 1) analyze the position adopted child's inheritance rights in Islamic Law Compilation (KHI). 2) to analyze the implementation of the division of property as inheritance to an adopted child Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI). 3) Analyze the legal consequences of the implementation of the division of property as inheritance to an adopted child Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI).This study was prepared using the type of normative juridical research, the research focused on reviewing the application of the rules or norms of positive law. This study uses the approach of legislation (statute approach) And the approach of the case (case approach). The data collection was obtained by interview and literature. Analysis of data using qualitative descriptive.The research results are: 1) Position Adopted in the Compilation of Islamic Law that adopted children may not be recognized to be the basis and cause of inherited, because the basic principle in Islamic inheritance law is their blood relations / nasab / descent. So as the solution according to Islamic law compilation is by jalam Award "was borrowed" on condition should not be more than 1/3 (one third). 2) The division of property as inheritance to an adopted child Compilation of Islamic Law (KHI) must meet two requirements that are required to accept the will not the beneficiary, the person who died both the grandfather and the grandmother has not provided to the child that must be made a will, the amount with other roads, such as grants for example, and if he has less than the sum was borrowed, then it should enhanced the will. 3) The role of the Notary in deed was borrowed for a foster child is doing what desired heir and explain all that heir to all the heirs, it is intended to provide clarity and legal certainty for all heirs of things execution of wills which heir to all his heirs.Keywords: Inheritance, Adopted, Compilation of Islamic Law.

scholarly journals Regulasi Penggunaan Uang Digital Dagcoin dalam Prespektif Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maisyarah Rahmi Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Electronic Transactions ◽  
Information Law ◽  
Digital Money ◽  
The Law

Dagcoin digital currency is one of the tools of online-based transaction payments that increasingly growing in the global economy. Nowadays The Investors interest to invest digital currency. Indonesia is a law country must establish certain laws related to digital currency that began to spread and used as a means of exchange or means of payment in Indonesia. This study is a normative juridical study that examines the rules relating to the use of money in the sale and purchase transactions and investment in the perspectives of Islamic law and Positive Law in Indonesia. The results of this study found that in Islam the use of digital currency in the purchase transactions and investment is not in accordance with the Shari'ah because it does not fulfill the enquires that exist in transactions using digital currency such as dagcoin. The existence of elements of gharar and maisir is the main reason for this digital money is not legitimate in Islam. As mentioned at Fatwa DSN-MUI Number 28 / DSN-MUI / III / 2002 on the exchange of money. Whereas in view of the positive Law has been described in Act No. 7 of 2011 on money, then digital money cannot be said as money because the conditions set in the law are not in digital money, then Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 18/40 / PBI / 2016 on the payment of electronic transactions is also not met in transactions that exist on the use of digital money dagcoin. So does the electronic transaction information law (ITE). Unclear regulation of the use of digital currency makes some users feel restless.

scholarly journals Legal Protection of Donation-based Crowdfunding Zakat on Financial Technology: Digitalization of Zakat under Perspective of Positive Law and Islamic Law

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurul Ula Ulya
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Digital Form ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Specific Regulation ◽  
Financial Technology

The aim of this research is to see the legal protection of Donation-based Crowdfunding zakat on financial technology due to the huge spreading of startup with zakat fund in Indonesia. Meanwhile there is still no specific regulation protecting various risks that will arise especially the risk of unobvious identity, potential disputes, dissimilarity of the zakat purpose and the implementation of zakat distribution, and the other deviations. This type of research is library legal research with conceptual and state approach. The result of the research shows that in positive law there is no legal protection regulation in Zakat based on Donationbased Crowdfunding. The regulation only crowdfunding contains investment element andgenerate profit as described in Act Number 21 Year 2011 regarding Financial Services Authority. While Zakat-based Donation-based Crowdfunding is a nonprofit-oriented type of product. This makes the absence in the elements of justice and legal certainty. The regulation on zakat only described in Law number 23 year 2011 which is not contained that system. In the protection of Islamic law, the certainty of the implementation of the contract is stipulated in the zakat based on sharia agreement that must comply with the various principles and provisions of sharia, whether the arrangement starts from the intention, the process of agreement, transparency, and all aspects relating to Amil, Muzakki and Mustahiq zakat (Who is the mustahiq and what kind and how the implementation). finally, the researcher hopes that this research will bring inputs for government to make more comprehensive regulations on zakat in its digital form.

scholarly journals Konsep Kedewasaan Subyek Hukum

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-269
Author(s):  
Ahmad Sainul
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Marriage Law ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Law

There is a difference in the concept of the legal maturity limit according to Islamic law and positive law. The legal subject's maturity is fifteen years old or ihtilam for men and menstruation for women. whereas according to positive law there is no legal certainty regarding legal skills in the age of 18 years, 21 years, or after marriage, resulting in confusion in determining one's skills before the law. Then the age difference in the Marriage Law for men and women needs to be equalized and needs to be re-agreed in accordance with physical and mental considerations for all parties who will get married

scholarly journals SANKSI ADAT BAGI PELAKU KEKERASAN FISIK DITINJAU MENURUT HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul ◽  
Jamhuri ◽  
Irwansyah
Keyword(s):  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
The Other ◽  
Medical Expenses ◽  
Criminal Sanctions ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Other Hand

Physical abuse is an act causing pain and injury to one's body. Today, there is a customary criminal law regulating the sanctions for the perpetrators of physical abuse, namely in Kampung Taman  Firdaus. However, the customary sanctions are significantly different from the penalties stipulated in Islamic law and positive law. The differences in the type and the rate of sanctions will have consequences on the purpose of a law formation. Therefore, this study examined the regulations of criminal sanctions for the perpetrators of physical abuse in Kampung Taman Firdaus. The results of this study concluded that the customary sanctions of physical abuse in Kampung Taman Firdaus were the fine of one goat for head injuries with blood flowing, and the penalty of one chicken for head injuries without blood flowing. On the other hand, for the physical abuse other than on the head and face, the customary sanction is only to pay medical expenses until the victim is healed,  and this sanction is not in line with Islamic criminal law. Abstrak: Kekerasan fisik adalah suatu tindakan yang  mengakibatkan rasa sakit dan terluka pada tubuh seseorang. Dewasa ini terdapat sebuah hukum pidana Adat  yang mengatur sanksi bagi pelaku kekerasan fisik yaitu di Kampung Taman  Firdaus. Namun pada sanksi Adat tersebut terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap hukuman yang diatur dalam hukum Islam dan hukum positif, dengan perbedaan dari jenis sanksi serta bobot sanksi tersebut akan berkonsekuensi pada tujuan dibentuknya suatu hukum. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini ingin melihat bagaimana ketentuan sanksi pidana bagi pelaku kekerasan fisik dalam Adat Kampung Taman Firdaus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa sanksi adat Kampung Taman Firdaus mengenai kekerasan fisik yaitu denda satu ekor kambing untuk luka di kepala yang darahnya mengalir, dan denda satu ekor ayam untuk luka di kepala yang darahnya keluar tidak mengalir. Sedangkan kekerasan fisik dengan objek selain kepala dan wajah sanksi adatnya ialah hanya membayar biaya pengobatan saja sampai sembuh, dan sanksi adat pada bagian ini tidak sesuai dengan hukum pidana Islam. Kata kunci : Sanksi Adat, kekerasan fisik, dan Hukum  Pidana Islam.

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