scholarly journals PRIORITY DIRECTIONS OF NATIONAL SECURITY FINANCING UNDER HYBRID WARFARE CONDITIONS: GLOBAL AND UKRAINIAN CONTEXTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 275-291
Author(s):  
Vitalina Kuryliak ◽  
Alexander Sokhatsky
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Hybrid Warfare ◽  
Conflict Zones ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
The Crimea ◽  
Equipment Development ◽  
Political Economic

The paper made analysis of the world security situation and confirms the expansion of conflict zones and change in warfare forms. The main feature of the international confrontation in the 21stcentury is the use of not only military force but also political, economic, information and other means of non-military character meant by the hybrid warfare concept. The authors singled out the tendency for national security expenses increase and change of priorities in their use. The main shortcomings of the system of national security functioning were identified, the consequence was used by Russia to re­venge its influence, invade the territory of Ukraine and occupy the Crimea. The necessity of counteracting the imperial ambitions of Russia in the context of its hybrid warfare set Ukraine the urgent task to create an effective security and de­fence sector, build up and restructure its military spending. The paper emphasizes that the priority areas for financing the security and defence sectors in Ukraine are modernization of armaments and military equipment, development and procurement of the latest types of weapons, growth of research and development projects in the field of military affairs and related branches like aviation and space.

THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY OF RUSSIA IN THE CONTEXT OF A HYBRID WAR

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-130
Author(s):  
A.S. MAKSIMOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
National Security ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Hybrid Threats ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Verbal Model

This article is devoted to identifying and characterizing the threat to national security of Russian Federation in the context of a hybrid war. The main aim of the study is to assume that the huge problem for national security of Russia today is the threat of a hybrid nature. This paper proposes the author's classification of hybrid threats, which made it possible to distinguish five functional groups of threats («triads») ‒ in the spiritual and socio-cultural, military-political, economic, information and international legal spheres. The specificity of the «triads» is that each of the three elements of the «triad» is capable of producing the appearance of the second and third elements of the «triad» and maintaining their activity. A variant of ranking «triads» according to the level of their threat intensity is presented, the rates of their intensification in the short term were determined. According to the author's conclusions, the synchronous activity of the «triads» creates a synergistic effect, exerting a complicated negative impact on the state of national security of Russia. The novelty of the research, the results of which are presented in the article, are the classification of hybrid threats and the verbal model of the functioning of the «triads» of threats. The findings of the study can contribute to the development of effective techniques and strategies for countering hybrid threats to national security of Russia.

PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF APPLICATION OF THE MODEL OF INTEGRAL ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oksana Gaiduchok ◽  
◽  
Oleksiy Stupnytskyi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Military Security ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
Political Economic

In modern times, it is believed that by reducing the risk of military intervention, military security has lost its relevance, and economic security has become a priority of national interests. The principle of economic security is as follows: national interests are supported through an economic system that supports free exchange and ensures the upward mobility of the nation. The analysis of economic security is based on the concept of national interests. It is well known that the problem of national security and its components cannot be considered only from the standpoint of current interests; it is closely related to the possibilities of their implementation over a significant, long-term period. Each stage of realization of national interests of the country is characterized by its assessment of its geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic conditions, security threats and the main carriers of these threats, the mechanism of realization of national interests (each of the stages has its own assessment of the main definitions and categories of security, the main vectors of geoeconomic policy). Economic security is the foundation and material basis of national security. A state is in a state of security if it protects its own national interests and is able to defend them through political, economic, socio-psychological, military and other actions. There is a close connection between economic security and the system of national and state interests, and it is through this category that the problems of economic potential and economic power of the state, geopolitical and geoeconomic positions of the country in the modern world are intertwined. At a time when regional forces are trying to expand markets, provide access to finance and the latest technology, economic security has become a necessary component of the ability of regional forces to expand their influence. The article is devoted to the study of economic security of Ukraine and its components using the model of quantitative assessment of economic security of Ukraine. Using the Fishburne method, a model is built that allows to obtain an integrated assessment of the level of economic security based on the synthesis of nine partial indicators.

scholarly journals TÜRKİ YE’Nİ N YENİ BÖLGELERE YÖNELİ K “İ DDİ ALI” DIŞ POLİ Tİ KASI: HERKESİ N DOSTLARA İ HTİ YACI VAR

2021 ◽  
pp. 230-241
Author(s):  
İlkin MİKAYILOV
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
National Security ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Main Argument ◽  
Turkish Foreign Policy ◽  
Syrian Crisis ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Military Support

This article’s main argument is that after failure of ‘zero problems with neighbours’ oriented foreign policy Turkey is experiencing the transformation of foreign policy and more focusing towards the regions which were ignored before. After Arab Spring, especially after the Syrian Crisis, it has been observed that ‘zero problem with neighbours’ oriented foreign policy became ineffective and lost its effect in the Middle East. However, this does not mean that Turkey’s foreign policy loses its assertiveness. After assertive policies towards Middle East and Mediterranean areas, Turkey’s assertive foreign policy shifted towards new regions, which are historically, have less confrontation with Turkey and has positive trends against Turkey such as Caucasus and Central Asia. In this context, while the relations with the Turkic Council were deepened, the policy towards this region became clear with the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War. During the Second Nagorno- Karabakh War Turkey gave strong support to Azerbaıjan both in term of rhetoric and military support as well based on Turkish drones and other Turkish made military equipment which shows the assertiveness of Turkey. The development of the Turkic Council’s member countries both politically and economically made organization an important regional actor. Thus, Turkic Council become an important tool for Turkish foreign policy in terms of assertiveness. Turkey’s assertive foreign policy will increase which is the in compliance with the Turkey’s national security. Also for region countries, it is important that Turkey put weight on region, which is crucial for Turkish foreign policy. Keywords: Assertiveness, Caucasus, Turkish Foreign Policy, Turkic Council.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the security of the scope of culture expert method

2019 ◽  
pp. 115-125
Author(s):  
Sergiy Kuchyn
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Security Culture ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Weight Coefficients ◽  
Research Analysis

Introduction. Ensuring national security is an urgent task for modern Ukraine. The national culture and its infrastructure components are given special attention in developed countries. Achieving the pace of rapid development of the national economy is now an important scientific and practical task. Ensuring the security of the sphere of culture is one of the priority directions of state security policy. Methods. The following methods of scientific knowledge are used in the course of the research: analysis, synthesis, grouping, analytical method, forecast method, study of scientific and statistical sources, tabular method, expert method. Results. The article proposes an approach to assessing the level of security of the sphere of culture by the indices of macroeconomic and social and demographic security. The article has received a practical implementation of the approach to assessing the level of security of the sphere of culture by an expert method. The conducted research has allowed to reveal a state of safety of a sphere of culture. The weight coefficients of economic and social and demographic security indices are obtained. Discussion. The prospect of further exploration in this direction is to develop a method of the main components and comparative analysis to assess the level of national security and security of the sphere of culture. Keywords: macroeconomic, social and demographic, security, culture, expert method, algorithm, questionnaire.

Just Whose Side Is Time On?

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 263-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Hathaway
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
North Korea ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Bush Administration ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Security Strategy ◽  
The North ◽  
National Security Strategy ◽  
Multilateral Diplomacy

President Bush's bold National Security Strategy document of September 2002 would appear to have been written with North Korea as much as Iraq in mind. Yet the Bush administration has been uncharacteristically passive in responding to the challenge posed by Pyongyang's nuclear weapons ambitions, especially in comparison with the forceful manner with which the administration dealt with Iraq. In the latter case, Bush mobilized the full weight of military force; seemed disdainful of allies, international institutions and multilateral diplomacy; and moved forward with what his critics deemed reckless abandon. In the case of North Korea, on the other hand, the President has emphasized patience, close coordination with allies and an overall lack of urgency oddly at variance with his `axis of evil' characterization of the regime in Pyongyang, and with dangerous advances in North Korea's nuclear arsenal. This essay attempts to explain the rationale behind the Bush administration's surprisingly relaxed approach to the North Korea challenge.

Military Force Planning and National Security

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mackubin T. Owens
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Planning ◽  
National Security ◽  
Emerging Technologies ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Military Policy ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Security Environment ◽  
Force Structure ◽  
The Future ◽  
Force Planning

One component of military policy in particular lies at the very crossroads of strategic planning and structural arenas of policy. This is force planning, the interactive, intertemporal art intended to ensure that deficiencies in today’s force structure are being corrected while preparing for a future that may resemble the present or differ from it in unexpected ways. While force planners must think about what the future security environment might look like, what technologies might be available, and how future forces might leverage these emerging technologies to meet the challenges of a future security environment, they must always be cognizant of domestic structural factors. This chapter argues that a force planner must always be guided by a coherent strategic logic. Structural factors can never be eliminated, but a strong strategic rationale can minimize them.

scholarly journals Drivers of Greek and Turkish Defense Spending

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Waszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Causal Relation ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
Causality Tests ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
Granger Causality Tests ◽  
Political Economic

Abstract This paper evaluates the factors responsible for maintaining substantial military expenditures in Greece and Turkey. The presented research encompasses theoretical and empirical aspects. First, defense spending by both countries was analyzed based on statistical data from international sources. Next, the theoretical determinants of budgetary spending are reviewed, which consider political, economic and military factors behind high expenditures on the army in Greece and in Turkey. Finally, Granger causality tests is applied to determine whether a causal relation between variables exists in the case of these two countries. We conclude that defense expenditures in Greece and Turkey exceed the NATO average, but are relatively low relative to those of selected Middle Eastern countries. Our results indicate that high military spending level in Turkey is mainly driven by national security concerns, whereas an economic driver prevails in Greece.

LATE ROMAN MILITARY EQUIPMENT CULTURE

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-492
Author(s):  
J. C. N. Coulston
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
History Of ◽  
Equipment Development ◽  
New Form ◽  
Roman Military ◽  
Cultural Components ◽  
Late Roman

The paper explores the cultural components of Late Roman military equipment through the examination of specific categories: waist belts, helmets, shields and weaponry. Hellenistic, Roman, Iron Age European, Mesopotamian- Iranian and Asiatic steppe nomad elements all played a part. The conclusion is that the whole history of Roman military equipment involved cultural inclusivity, and specifically that Late Roman equipment development was not some new form of ‘degeneration’ or ‘barbarisation’, but a positive acculturation.

On Fear-Induced Aggression

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
Ned Dobos
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
International Norms ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Military Establishment ◽  
Trade Off

Wherever there is a military establishment, there is a possibility that it will provoke the very thing that it is meant to deter. A foreign enemy might be driven to attack us not despite our armed forces, but because of them, in an act of fear-induced ‘defensive aggression’. What this tells us is that a military’s contribution to ‘national security’ is not unequivocally positive. There is a trade-off involved. States armed with militaries may be less likely to find themselves on the receiving end of ‘greedy’ or ‘opportunistic’ aggression, but they are more likely to find themselves on the receiving end of preventive aggression, motivated by feelings of insecurity and vulnerability. Thankfully, international norms against the use of preventive military force have limited the instances of defensive aggression over the last century. But today these norms are unravelling. If ‘defensive aggression’ becomes legitimized, we should expect to see more of it.

Research of Equipment Sustainable Development Based on Resource Constraint

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2843-2848
Author(s):  
Ming Fang Ni ◽  
Yang Zhuo Wei ◽  
Lu Xi Kang ◽  
Zhong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Resource Constraint ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Equipment Construction ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
High Efficient ◽  
Equipment Development ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Under the background of fact that the shortage situation of present global being severer and severer day by day, the army equipment development faces enormous challenge. How to walk out a low-input, high-efficient road of equipment construction seems particularly important, which has been a great strategic task of the modernization of military equipment. Based on the resource constraint, this article aims at the resource "bottlenecks" such as the unreasonable structure of energy consumption, high dependence of traditional fossil energy, large resource dependent degree on foreign countries, low resource utilization efficiency, serious environmental pollution, starts from every stage of the whole life cycle of equipment, regards idea of sustainable development as guidelines, proposes strategic actions including strengthening the resource design, adjusting the energy consumption structure, strengthening resources substitute, improving the recycling system and so on, in order to break through resource constraint and realize the strategic measures of equipment sustainable development, in the hope of having some realistic significance in equipment construction and development under the new situation.

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