scholarly journals Cobalt oxide-based nanomaterial for electrochemical sensor applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Mehmood Shahid ◽  
Yiqiang Zhan ◽  
Waqar Ahmed ◽  
Suresh Sagadevan
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Redox Activity ◽  
Preparation Methods ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Stable Chemical ◽  
Chemical States ◽  
Electrochemical Redox

Amongst the extended list of metal oxides, Co3O4 has gained envisioned attention in various technological fields. It has a proven record of promising material in optical, optoelectronics, sciences, engineering, medicines and biological fields of studies. Co3O4 is a promising candidate due to its large surface-to-volume ratio, simple preparation methods, higher well-defined electrochemical redox activity, high theoretical capacity, low cost, and stable chemical states. Co3O4 has been used in various applications such as fuel cells, photoelectrochemical water splitting, solar cells, supercapacitors, batteries and electrochemical sensors due to its applicability in various fields. It has shown promising outcomes as an electrochemical sensor in various areas such as in the detection of water contamination, as physiological molecule detectors etc. this mini-review summarizes the fields of contaminated water, as fuel and also in the physiological system.

scholarly journals Nanocomposite Materials Based on Electrochemically Synthesized Graphene Polymers: Molecular Architecture Strategies for Sensor Applications

Chemosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
André Olean-Oliveira ◽  
Gilberto A. Oliveira Brito ◽  
Celso Xavier Cardoso ◽  
Marcos F. S. Teixeira
Keyword(s):  
Conducting Polymers ◽  
Specific Surface ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Specific Surface Area ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Large Specific Surface Area ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
Sensor Applications

The use of graphene and its derivatives in the development of electrochemical sensors has been growing in recent decades. Part of this success is due to the excellent characteristics of such materials, such as good electrical and mechanical properties and a large specific surface area. The formation of composites and nanocomposites with these two materials leads to better sensing performance compared to pure graphene and conductive polymers. The increased large specific surface area of the nanocomposites and the synergistic effect between graphene and conducting polymers is responsible for this interesting result. The most widely used methodologies for the synthesis of these materials are still based on chemical routes. However, electrochemical routes have emerged and are gaining space, affording advantages such as low cost and the promising possibility of modulation of the structural characteristics of composites. As a result, application in sensor devices can lead to increased sensitivity and decreased analysis cost. Thus, this review presents the main aspects for the construction of nanomaterials based on graphene oxide and conducting polymers, as well as the recent efforts made to apply this methodology in the development of sensors and biosensors.

Study on the Performance of the Ionic Liquids [Emim]CH3SO3 and [Emim]PF6 to Prepare the Biosensor of the Detection of Heavy Metals in Seawater

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 013-020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuhui Ma ◽  
Shipeng Zhao ◽  
Shuping Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Electrochemical Window ◽  
Significant Difference

Electrochemical sensors can detect the heavy metal ions in seawater quickly, conveniently and accurately with the advantages such as the fast detection speed, the simple operability and the low cost. The ionic liquid [Emim]CH3SO3 showed excellent electrochemical performance and could meet the initial application requirements as electrochemical sensors. The characters of the ionic liquids [Emim]CH3SO3 and [Emim]PF6 which include IR, LC-MS, conductivity, electrochemical window and viscosity were detected. The influ-ence of trace impurity on the conductivity of the ionic liquids was investigated. Results suggested that the conductivity of the ionic liquids increased with the concentration of the added organic solvents. In addition, though the conductivity of the ionic liquids increased with temperature, there is no significant difference in the influence of the same impurity at varying temperatures. Muti Walls Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) are appropriate materials which are commonly used materials for electrochemical sensor applications. The effect of theImidaz-olium-based ionic liquids on the performance of the conductivity of the MWCNTs was studied. It was found that Ionic liquid is an excellent extraction agent for metal ions and its presence in the sensor system improves significantly the detection of heavy metal ions.

Various Applications of Nanowires

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-53
Author(s):  
Zahied Azam ◽  
Amandeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Optical Output ◽  
Potential Applications

In this era of nanotechnology, nanowires (NWs) propose potential impact on electronics, computing, memory, data storage, communications, manufacturing, health, medicine, national security, and other economic sectors as well. NWs offer excellent surface-to-volume ratio (interface phenomena), low defect density, high optical output, and controllable n-type conductivity, making them more appropriate and sensitive for sensing applications. NWs with their ultra-sensitive and real-time detection capabilities lend their applications in nanobiosensors, chemical sensors, gas sensors, and electrochemical sensors. NWs have been used in improving the optical absorption as well as for the collection efficacy in photovoltaic devices. NWs having small size, low weight, low cost for mass production, and are also compatible with commercial planar processes for large-scale circuitry. In the chapter, the authors are focusing to summarize the recent advances in NWs with their potential applications in various fields such as research, health, security, education, entertainment, and power generation.

scholarly journals Construction and Application of a Non-Enzyme Hydrogen Peroxide Electrochemical Sensor Based on Eucalyptus Porous Carbon

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3464
Author(s):  
Shuisheng Wu ◽  
Nianyuan Tan ◽  
Donghui Lan ◽  
Chak-Tong Au ◽  
Bing Yi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Long Term Stability

Natural eucalyptus biomorphic porous carbon (EPC) materials with unidirectional ordered pores have been successfully prepared by carbonization in an inert atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were employed to characterize the phase identification, microstructure and morphology analysis. The carbon materials were used to fabricate electrochemical sensors to detect hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) without any assistance of enzymes because of their satisfying electrocatalytic properties. It was immobilized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with chitosan (CHIT) to fabricate a new kind of electrochemical sensor, EPC/CHIT/GCE, which showed excellent electrocatalytic activity in the reduction of H2O2. Meanwhile, EPC could also promote electron transfer with the help of hydroquinone. The simple and low-cost electrochemical sensor exhibited high sensitivity, and good operational and long-term stability.

scholarly journals Proof of Concept Study of an Electrochemical Sensor for Inland Water Monitoring with a Network Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4026
Author(s):  
Anna Sabatini ◽  
Alessandro Zompanti ◽  
Simone Grasso ◽  
Luca Vollero ◽  
Giorgio Pennazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Water Monitoring ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Inland Water ◽  
New Device

The technologies most suitable for monitoring the ecosystem of inland waters are image spectrometry and electrochemical sensors. The reason is that these instruments are able to ensure accuracy in the surveillance of very large areas through reliable and frequent measurements performed remotely. Electrochemical systems provide low-cost, miniaturized, reliable sensors that can be organized, when equipped with commercial on the shelf (COTS) low-power radio components implementing LoRaWAN, Sigfox or NB-IoT communications, in a dense network of sensors achieving the aforementioned requirements. In this work, a low-cost, low-size and low-noise electrochemical sensor endowed with protocols for network configuration, management and monitoring is presented. The electronic interface of the sensor allows high reproducible responses. As proof of concept for its utilization in inland water monitoring, the device has been tested for water composition analysis, bacteria identification and frequent pollutant detection: atrazine, dichloromethane and tetrachloroethene. The results are promising, and future investigations will be oriented to unlock the true potential of a general-purpose approach exploiting the continuous fusion of distributed data in each of the three considered application scenarios. A new device, with reduced power consumption and size, has been also developed and tested; this new device should be a node of a large network for inland water monitoring.

scholarly journals Electrospun Nanofibers for Label-Free Sensor Applications

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 3587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahal Aliheidari ◽  
Nojan Aliahmad ◽  
Mangilal Agarwal ◽  
Hamid Dalir
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Electrospun Nanofibers ◽  
Label Free ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensor Properties ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Future Work

Electrospinning is a simple, low-cost and versatile method for fabricating submicron and nano size fibers. Due to their large surface area, high aspect ratio and porous structure, electrospun nanofibers can be employed in wide range of applications. Biomedical, environmental, protective clothing and sensors are just few. The latter has attracted a great deal of attention, because for biosensor application, nanofibers have several advantages over traditional sensors, including a high surface-to-volume ratio and ease of functionalization. This review provides a short overview of several electrospun nanofibers applications, with an emphasis on biosensor applications. With respect to this area, focus is placed on label-free sensors, pertaining to both recent advances and fundamental research. Here, label-free sensor properties of sensitivity, selectivity, and detection are critically evaluated. Current challenges in this area and prospective future work is also discussed.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Sensor Based on Nanodiamonds and Manioc Starch for Detection of Tetracycline

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Wilson Silva Fernandes-Junior ◽  
Leticia Fernanda Zaccarin ◽  
Geiser Gabriel Oliveira ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Oliveira ◽  
Cristiane Kalinke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Dynamic Range ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Repeatability And Reproducibility ◽  
High Repeatability

The use of nanostructured materials is already well-known as a powerful tool in the development of electrochemical sensors. Among several immobilization strategies of nanomaterials in the development of electrochemical sensors, the use of low-cost and environmentally friendly polymeric materials is highlighted. In this context, a new nanostructured biocomposite electrode is proposed as an electrochemical sensor for the analysis and determination of tetracycline. The composite electrode consists of a modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with a nanodiamond-based (ND) and manioc starch biofilm (MS), called ND-MS/GCE. The proposed sensor showed better electrochemical performance in the presence of tetracycline in comparison to the unmodified electrode, which was attributed to the increase in the electroactive surface area due to the presence of nanodiamonds. A linear dynamic range from 5.0 × 10 − 6 to 1.8 × 10 − 4  mol L−1 and a limit of detection of 2.0 × 10 − 6  mol L−1 were obtained for the proposed sensor. ND-MS/GCE exhibited high repeatability and reproducibility for successive measurements with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 6.3% and 1.5%, respectively. The proposed electrode was successfully applied for the detection of tetracycline in different kinds of water samples, presenting recoveries ranging from 86 to 112%.

Graphene Modified Molecular Imprinting Electrochemical Sensor for Determining the Content of Dopamine

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-634
Author(s):  
Rong Liu ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Tongsheng Zhong ◽  
Liping Long
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensor ◽  
Molecular Imprinting ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Differential Pulse ◽  
Current Response ◽  
Specific Selectivity ◽  
Pulse Voltammetry

Background: The unnatural levels of dopamine (DA) result in serious neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease. Electrochemical methods which have the obvious advantages of simple operation and low-cost instrumentation were widely used for determination of DA. In order to improve the measurement performance of the electrochemical sensor, molecular imprinting technique and graphene have always been employed to increase the selectivity and sensitivity. Methods: An electrochemical sensor which has specific selectivity to (DA) was proposed based on the combination of a molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) with a graphene (GR) modified gold electrode. The performance and effect of MIP film were investigated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) in the solution of 5.0 ×10-3 mol/L K3[Fe(CN)6] and K4[Fe(CN)6] with 0.2 mol/L KCl at room temperature. Results: This fabricated sensor has well repeatability and stability, and was used to determine the dopamine of urine. Under the optimized experiment conditions, the current response of the imprinted sensor was linear to the concentration of dopamine in the range of 1.0×10-7 ~ 1.0×10-5 mol/L, the linear equation was I (µA) = 7.9824+2.7210lgc (mol/L) with the detection limit of 3.3×10-8 mol/L. Conclusion: In this work, a highly efficient sensor for determination of DA was prepared with good sensitivity by GR and great selectivity of high special recognization ability by molecular imprinting membrane. This proposed sensor was used to determine the dopamine in human urine successfully.

scholarly journals Deployment, Calibration, and Cross-Validation of Low-Cost Electrochemical Sensors for Carbon Monoxide, Nitrogen Oxides, and Ozone for an Epidemiological Study

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4214
Author(s):  
Christopher Zuidema ◽  
Cooper S. Schumacher ◽  
Elena Austin ◽  
Graeme Carvlin ◽  
Timothy V. Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Exposure Assessment ◽  
Epidemiological Study ◽  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Calibration Models ◽  
Study Participants

We designed and built a network of monitors for ambient air pollution equipped with low-cost gas sensors to be used to supplement regulatory agency monitoring for exposure assessment within a large epidemiological study. This paper describes the development of a series of hourly and daily field calibration models for Alphasense sensors for carbon monoxide (CO; CO-B4), nitric oxide (NO; NO-B4), nitrogen dioxide (NO2; NO2-B43F), and oxidizing gases (OX-B431)—which refers to ozone (O3) and NO2. The monitor network was deployed in the Puget Sound region of Washington, USA, from May 2017 to March 2019. Monitors were rotated throughout the region, including at two Puget Sound Clean Air Agency monitoring sites for calibration purposes, and over 100 residences, including the homes of epidemiological study participants, with the goal of improving long-term pollutant exposure predictions at participant locations. Calibration models improved when accounting for individual sensor performance, ambient temperature and humidity, and concentrations of co-pollutants as measured by other low-cost sensors in the monitors. Predictions from the final daily models for CO and NO performed the best considering agreement with regulatory monitors in cross-validated root-mean-square error (RMSE) and R2 measures (CO: RMSE = 18 ppb, R2 = 0.97; NO: RMSE = 2 ppb, R2 = 0.97). Performance measures for NO2 and O3 were somewhat lower (NO2: RMSE = 3 ppb, R2 = 0.79; O3: RMSE = 4 ppb, R2 = 0.81). These high levels of calibration performance add confidence that low-cost sensor measurements collected at the homes of epidemiological study participants can be integrated into spatiotemporal models of pollutant concentrations, improving exposure assessment for epidemiological inference.

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