scholarly journals Clinical, Pathological and Immunohistochemical Evaluation of a Primary Hemangiosarcoma in a Pinscher Dog

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Denner Santos Dos Anjos ◽  
Andreia Regis Assis ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Fonseca-Alves ◽  
Veronica Jorge Babo-Terra
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Surgical Margin ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Low Grade

Background: Hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is a malignant tumor that arises from the vascular endothelium affecting more often dogs than other species as cats, cows and horses. It comprises approximately 2% of all tumors in dogs. The most common primary site for the HSA in dogs is the spleen, and other locations include the right atrium, pericardium, liver andprostate. Other authors have reported this tumor in lungs, kidney, oral cavity, muscle, bone, urinary bladder, left ventricle, tongue and retroperitoneum. Due to the importance of the HSA in canine species, the aim of this study was to describe the clinical and pathological fndings, besides therapeutic protocol in an unusual case of HSA.Case:A six-year-old male pinscher was referred to the veterinary hospital with a history of cyanosis and choking. The animal was submitted to radiographic examination in lateral cervical view, which identifed the presence of a mass of 1.2 cm in diameter near the pharynx. In order to evaluate the oral cavity, general anesthesia was performed, and it was possible to see a soft, rosy, circumscribed and vascularized lump in pharyngeal region. Due to suspicion of neoplasm, excisional biopsywithout surgical margin was performed. The histopathological exam diagnosed hemangiosarcoma. Immunohistochemistry against vimentin, factor VIII, VEGF and Ki67 was performed and confrmed diagnosis of low grade hemangiosarcoma. Antineoplastic chemotherapy protocol was initiated with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide every 21 days totaling sixsessions. However, the animal died after the cyclophosphamide intoxication with a three-fold recommended dose (660 mg/m² total in the last session), showing a median survival rate of 220 days.Discussion: The most common primary site for HSA in dogs is the spleen. The pharyngeal location is rare, with only a few reports in literature. In the present case, solitary tumor was observed in pharynx with no involvement of other organs, evidenced by radiographic examination, abdominal ultrasound and echocardiogram, suggesting that pharynx was theprimary location of the tumor. Main features of HSA comprise a solitary nodule or multifocal lesions within the organ or widely disseminated. Histologically, they consist of pleomorphic immature endothelial cells with formation of vascular spaces with variable amount of blood and/or thrombi. In some cases, HSA shows a polymorphic subtype and immunohistochemistry is necessary to provide a defnitive diagnosis. The sample was submitted to histopathological examination which revealed proliferation of endothelial cells with pronounced pleomorphism ranging from polygonals to ovoid, sparse cytoplasm, round to oval nucleus with visible nucleolus, few mitotic fgures, some of them, aberrant, which confrmed diagnosis of HAS. Due to the unusual location, we performed immunohistochemical staining for vimentin, factor VIII,VEGF and Ki67 antibodies to confrm mesenchymal origin of the tumor. In IHC, it was possible to identify positive reac tion for vimentin protein, factor VIII, VEGF and few Ki67 positive cells, confrming histopathological diagnosis. Despite literature describes an aggressive biological behavior of canine HSA, with common occurrence of metastasis, recurrencewas not observed at the site of the removal of the tumor. In histopathological evaluation, it was observed low number ofmitoses, besides the low Ki67 expression on IHC, featuring a low grade tumor with minor ability to metastasize. To the author’s knowledge, this case describes an unusual presentation of HSA, with low metastatic potential, in which chemo therapy protocol achieved survival time of 220 days.Keywords: angiosarcoma, dogs, immunohistochemistry, pharynx.

scholarly journals Keratinocyte dissociation (desmolysis/acantholysis) in ameloblastoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin C. Sarode ◽  
Gargi S. Sarode ◽  
Praveen Birur ◽  
Yaser A. Alhazmi ◽  
Shankargouda Patil
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rare Variant ◽  
Retrospective Studies ◽  
Clear Cell ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Granular Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Radiolucent Lesion

Ameloblastoma is the only odontogenic tumor that displays diversified histomorphological features with subtypes like follicular, plexiform, acanthomatous, granular cell, clear cell, desmoplastic etc. In this paper we presented an extremely unusual presentation of ameloblastoma, which is characterized by desmolysis or acantholysis of stellate reticulum-like cells caused due to keratinocyte dissociation. A 35-year-old male patient presented with a painless hard 3cm x 3cm swelling in the mandibular right posterior region since 4-5 months. Radiographic examination reveled a multi-locular radiolucent lesion in the body of mandible with resorption of the roots. Histopathological examination revealed ameloblastic follicles with central cells showing keratinocyte dissociation leading to desmolysis/acantholysis. Desmolytic cells were seen as an isolated entity in the follicular space with round to polygonal shaped morphology. Future retrospective studies on archival samples of ameloblastoma are recommended to relook into identification of such rare phenomenon. This will help in better understanding of the incidence rate and biological behavior of this rare variant of ameloblastoma.

scholarly journals Hemangiosarcoma in a Cat’s Tongue

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calvin Braga Gnoatto ◽  
Tatiana Regina Lichmann ◽  
Germano Filipe Grings ◽  
Fernanda Genro Cony ◽  
Regina Tose Temper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Blood Contamination ◽  
Neoplastic Cells ◽  
Vascular Channels

Background: Hemangiosarcoma is a primary malignant neoplasm of vascular endothelial cells, common in dogs and uncommon in cats. It is characterized by being aggressive and presenting high metastatic behavior. It corresponds to 0.5% to 2% of all feline neoplasms, with more reports in shorthaired cats aged between 8 and 12.2 years old, with no predisposition for sex or breed. Among the diagnostic methods, histopathological and immunohistochemical exams stand out because they are more accurate, since the result of fine-needle aspiration biopsy is usually hidden by blood contamination. This report aims to describe a case of a hemangiosarcoma in a cat's tongue.Case: A 9-year-old, female, shorthair cat with a history of weight loss, lethargy, chewing difficulty with the evolution of three months and two-day oral bleeding was attended. Physical examination revealed blood in the oral cavity, enlargement, and darkening of the tongue surface, normalized oral and ocular mucous membranes, estimated dehydration of 7%, a rectal temperature of 38,8°C, and pulmonary and cardiac auscultation without changes. The cat was hospitalized, and euthanasia was elected. Cytological and histopathological exams of the tongue were requested, which revealed a neoplastic proliferation of endothelial cells expanding and replacing the muscular layer of the tongue, forming primitive vascular structures filled with a large number of red blood cells and supported by a delicate fibrovascular stroma. There were moderate anisocytosis and anisocariosis and rare figures of mitosis. Immunohistochemical examination showed the expression of von Willebrand factor, smooth muscle vimentin, and actin in the cytoplasm of neoplastic cells, and negative staining for pancitokeratin.Discussion: According to the results of cytological, histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations, the cat was diagnosed with tongue hemangiosarcoma. The involvement of the tongue in cases of feline hemangiosarcoma is not commonly reported, as the oral cavity is an uncommon site of neoplasm in cats and hemangiossarcoma neoplasm is considered rare in this species. The cytological examination of the patient's tongue was useful to suggest the diagnosis of sarcoma due to a large number of neoplastic cells present in the sample, and later, because it is more specific, the histopathological examination was performed to find out the origin of the tissue. The definitive diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma could be confirmed by the alterations found in the histopathological and immunohistochemical exams. The appearance of erythrocytes within tumor vascular channels, the rapid mass development, moderate anisocytosis, anisocariosis, and irregularity of vascular channels, along with the expression of smooth muscle action, excluded the differential diagnosis of hemangioma and lymphangiosarcoma. Due to the ability of the hemangiosarcoma to be a primary or metastatic tumor and the performance of the necropsy examination was not authorized, we could not determinate the primary origin of the tumor. However, we suggest in the present study that the neoplasm is primary of the tongue because there are no skin lesions or alterations in other organs, besides the tongue is not a common site of metastasis. In conclusion, hemangiosarcoma should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases of tongue neoplasia, although uncommon in felines, and that histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations are indispensable to define an accurate diagnosis.

scholarly journals Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma in small ruminants in Jordan

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
Wael Hananeh ◽  
Myassar El-Ekish ◽  
Rami Mukbel ◽  
Zuhair Bani Ismail ◽  
Mousa Daradka
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cytological Examination ◽  
Awassi Sheep ◽  
Nasal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Nasal Passages ◽  
First Time

Enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma (ENA) is a viral-associated tumor of the secretory epithelium of the nasal passages of small ruminants. The tumor is locally invasive but not metastatic. Although disease prevalence (up to 15%) and geographic distribution have been reported in the literature throughout most of the world (except Australia and New Zealand), the disease has until now remained unreported in Jordan. In this report, we describe the occurrence, clinical signs, radiographic signs and pathological features of the disease in a series of cases in Awassi sheep (3 cases) and Damascus breed goats (2 cases) for the first time in Jordan. Overall, the affected animals were adults (3-5 years of age), all females, with variable degrees of facial and nasal deformities resulting in difficulty in respiration. Radiographic examination of the skull revealed soft tissue density mass originating in the nasal turbinate and invading the surrounding nasal structures. Cytological examination of fine needle aspirate indicated low-grade carcinoma. All animals were humanely euthanized and the nasal passages were explored. Variable size masses were removed and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of enzootic nasal adenocarcinoma.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Oral Cavity Lesions and its Clinico-Histopathological Correlation

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Gaire ◽  
Anil Dev Pant ◽  
Daisy Maharjan ◽  
Usha Manandhar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses

Introduction: Oral cavity lesions comprise a wide spectrum of diseases that varies from non-neoplastic to neoplastic. The clinical evaluation alone is insufficient for proper diagnosis in most cases. So, histopathological examination is the gold standard method for diagnosis and management of patients accordingly. Objective: The present study was done to evaluate the histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions and compare them in relation to age, sex, site, clinical features, risk factors, and clinical diagnoses. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study enrolled 127 cases of oral biopsies which were received at the Department of Pathology, Tribhuvan University and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu Nepal, from May 2018 to April 2019 for histopathological examination. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and subjected for tissue processing and Hematoxylin and Eosin stained sections. Data entry and analysis were done by using SPSS 24 version where frequency and percentile were calculated. Results: Total cases were 127 with slight female predilection and the age group of 50-60 years (mean age of 44.24 years) were commonly affected. The tongue being the most common site, frequently lesions presented as swelling. Most of the lesions were non-neoplastic comprising 45% whereas malignant lesions comprised 23.6%. Smoking increased the risk of malignancy by 2 fold. The most common benign lesions were squamous papilloma & fibroepithelial polyp whereas the malignant lesion was squamous cell carcinoma. Sixty percent of clinical diagnoses didn’t show correlation. Conclusions: Oral cavity lesions have a wide spectrum of distribution in age, sex, site, and clinical presentation. Initially, oral lesions may present with subtle symptoms which may cause underdiagnosis. Thus, histopathological diagnosis is a must to rule out malignancy. Keywords: Clinical presentation; correlation; oral cavity; risk factors.

Validation of the Invasive Pattern Grade Score as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Oral Squamous Cell Cancers

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
R Ranganath ◽  
Shweta Sethi ◽  
Bhulaxmi Madur
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Squamous Cell Carcinomas ◽  
Independent Prognostic Factor ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Clinicopathological Parameters ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas

ABSTRACT Aim To prove the validity of an invasive pattern grade score (IPGS) as an independent prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinomas. Introduction Oral squamous cell carcinomas are the most common type of cancers in Indian males and their treatment is associated with morbidity and socioeconomic losses to the individual and society. In spite of advances in diagnosis and therapy, prognosis and survival remain dismal: One, due to late clinical presentation and two, due to the unpredictable biological behavior of these cancers. Validation of IPGS as an independent prognostic factor may reduce the uncertainty involved in treatment. Materials and methods A retrospective analysis of the records of all patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas treated with surgery between July 2010 and June 2012 was done. A total of 54 patients were analyzed with respect to various clinicopathological parameters including IPGS. Results Statistically significant associations were established between IPGS and tumor recurrence (p < 0.004) and death due to cancer (p < 0.02). Invasive pattern grade score was not influenced by age, tumor size, gender, site, clinical stage, or histologic grade. Conclusion Our study indicates the validity of IPGS as an independent prognostic factor that can be used to predict disease behavior in oral cavity squamous cell carcinomas. Further studies are required to establish this score as a routine part of the histopathological examination and to help us in choosing treatment modalities. How to cite this article Ranganath R, Sethi S, Madur B. Validation of the Invasive Pattern Grade Score as an Independent Prognostic Factor in Oral Squamous Cell Cancers. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(1):21-24.

scholarly journals Mullerian Adenosarcoma of Uterus with Sarcomatous Overgrowth and Heterologous Component Associated with Stromal Deposit in Omentum: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuradha Sinha ◽  
Jyoti Prakash Phukan ◽  
Sanjay Sengupta ◽  
Paulami Guha
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Abdominal Hysterectomy ◽  
Biological Behavior ◽  
Resected Specimen ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Bilateral Oophorectomy ◽  
Uterine Sarcomas ◽  
Poor Treatment Outcome

Background. Mullerian adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth (MASO) is a very rare variant of uterine sarcomas first described by Clement et al. as early as 1974. The presence of heterologous sarcomatous components is associated with aggressive biological behavior.Case Presentation. This is a case report of a 62-year female (P2 + 0) presenting with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. Her preoperative USG revealed subserosal fibroid with adherent omentum. She underwent abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy. Histopathological diagnosis of resected specimen was Mullerian adenosarcoma with sarcomatous overgrowth and presence of heterologous elements involving body of the uterus. The whole thickness of the myometrium was involved along with the presence of serosal nodules and omental deposits of sarcomatous component.Conclusion. MA is considered as a low-grade malignant tumor, but MASO is a high-grade tumor frequently associated with invasion and metastasis with poor treatment outcome. Because of its rarity, correct identification of these tumors and distinction from other uterine sarcomas are a challenging job and hence its morphological features merits attention.

Predictors of Nodal Metastasis in Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity and Oropharynx

ORL ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 327-334
Author(s):  
Danielle C. Reny ◽  
Viran J. Ranasinghe ◽  
Linda C. Magana ◽  
Adam C. Kaufman ◽  
Ara A. Chalian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Neck Dissection ◽  
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ◽  
Lymphovascular Invasion ◽  
Perineural Invasion ◽  
Nodal Metastasis ◽  
Primary Site ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cervical Lymph Nodes

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) of the upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) is an uncommon malignancy, with limited literature available on its clinical and pathologic characteristics. Here, we describe the behavior of MEC of the UADT including pathologic characteristics and predictors of nodal metastasis. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Retrospective cohort study of patients with MEC of the UADT treated at an academic medical center from January 2008 to May 2018. Data was collected about demographics and tumor characteristics including clinical and histological data. The two-tailed Student <i>t</i> test and χ<sup>2</sup> analysis were performed to assess for predictors of nodal metastasis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We identified 44 patients with minor salivary gland MEC of the oral cavity (OC) and oropharynx (OP). All patients were treated with primary site surgery. The primary site was the OC in 25 patients (57%) and OP in 19 (43%). Low-grade histology was seen in 27 specimens (61.4%), intermediate histology in 9 specimens (20.5%), and high-grade histology in 8 specimens (18.2%). Perineural invasion was noted in 10 specimens (22.7%). Neck dissection was performed in 17 patients (39%), with pathologically positive nodes found in 9 (20.5%). Notably, 5 of the 9 positive nodal specimens were found in clinically node-negative necks. Pathologically positive cervical lymph nodes were significantly associated with the OP as the primary site (<i>p</i> = 0.0005), perineural invasion (<i>p</i> = 0.012), lymphovascular invasion (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001), and high-grade histology (<i>p</i> = 0.004) in the primary specimen. <b><i>Discussion:</i></b> MEC of the UADT is an uncommon malignancy. Our findings suggest elective neck dissection should be considered with perineural and lymphovascular invasion, high-grade tumor, and the OP as the primary site.

scholarly journals Neoplasia Ablation in the Equine Oral Cavity Vestibule

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Luiz Ferreira ◽  
Fernando Alzamora Filho ◽  
Raissa Barros Gracie Mery ◽  
Jullie Souza De Santana Santos ◽  
Jonatas Rochael De Sousa Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Therapeutic Modality ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Left Mandible

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma is responsible for more than 90% of head and neck neoplasms in humans. Multiple factors are associated with the development of squamous cell carcinomas in humans and animals, such as prolonged exposure to ultraviolet light, lack of pigment in the epidermis, or sparse hair coverage. In horses, oral forms are rare and represent 7% of cases, but sarcoids are the main type of oral neoplasia. In the present case, due to the location and anatomical dimensions of the oral vestibule, it was necessary to adapt it to the natural tumor excision, a fact that aimed to describe this report.Case: One Arabian 2- year-old male horse, treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Santa Cruz State University (UESC), with signs of severe mouth bleeding and halitosis. Clinical inspection of the face showed elevation in the masseter region and left mandible branch. Clinical examination of the oral cavity revealed soft tissue tumor extending from tooth 308 (PM-1, lower left) to 311 (M-3, lower left) and on the buccal surface of the left mandible branch. Radiographic examination revealed no invasion of bone tissue by the tumor. Biopsy material was collected. The histopathological report was of neoplastic cell proliferation, frequent mitoses, binucleate cells and extensive ulceration area associated with neutrophilic inflammatory infiltrate, indicative of squamous cell carcinoma. The animal was referred to the Surgical Sector who, after evaluation of the animal, opted for the ablation of the neoplasia. Pre-anesthesia performed with intravenous detomidine 30 µg/kg, anesthesia with regional mandibular nerve block with 20 mL of 2% lidocaine and maintenance with continuous infusion of detoxid 0.5 µg/kg/ min. Contention for the operative act in the quadrupedal position. The opening of the oral cavity through the Holborn ratchet opener. The beginning of the surgery was with the scalpel, which allowed the removal of approximately one third of the tumor. Due to the great difficulty of fully accessing the area, due to the location of the tumor in the vestibule of the mouth, as well as the presence of fibrosis and calcification, it was necessary to adapt a 15 cm lambotte rugina to allow manipulation and perfect access to the entire mass. tumor for its complete ablation. The synthesis was not performed due to the anatomy and extension of the bed where the tumor was located, which similarly favored drainage. The surgical specimen was treated and fixed in 10% formaldehyde and sent to the Pathology Department for histopathological diagnosis. Immediate postoperative medication consisted of intravenous tranexamic acid administration 5 mg/kg; flunixin megluminate 2.2 mg/kg intramuscularly for three days; intravenous metronidazole 15 mg/kg for ten days and a diet of easily digestible pasture.Discussion: Exeresis of surrounding lymph nodes is indicated, associated with treatment of electrochemotherapy, as oncologists have obtained excellent prognosis and survival of dogs and cats with oral neoplasms. This therapeutic modality may allow the treatment of cancers in horses, since the electric pulse increases the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs. Tumors of the oral cavity of horses, due to the signs and symptoms manifested, must be diagnosed and treated urgently, clinically and surgically, due to the evolutionary characteristics of these diseases.

The Endothelial Cell and the Factor VIII Bypassing Activity of Prothrombin Complex Concentrate

1988 ◽  
Vol 60 (02) ◽  
pp. 226-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome M Teitel ◽  
Hong-Yu Ni ◽  
John J Freedman ◽  
M Bernadette Garvey
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Factor Viii ◽  
Prothrombin Complex Concentrate ◽  
Vascular Endothelial Cells ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Monolayer Cultures ◽  
Coagulant Activity ◽  
Time Courses ◽  
Privileged Site

SummarySome classical hemophiliacs have a paradoxical hemostatic response to prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC). We hypothesized that vascular endothelial cells (EC) may contribute to this “factor VIII bypassing activity”. When PCC were incubated with suspensions or monolayer cultures of EC, they acquired the ability to partially bypass the defect of factor VIII deficient plasma. This factor VIII bypassing activity distributed with EC and not with the supernatant PCC, and was not a general property of intravascular cells. The effect of PCC was even more dramatic on fixed EC monolayers, which became procoagulant after incubation with PCC. The time courses of association and dissociation of the PCC-derived factor VIII bypassing activity of fixed and viable EC monolayers were both rapid. We conclude that EC may provide a privileged site for sequestration of constituents of PCC which express coagulant activity and which bypass the abnormality of factor VIII deficient plasma.

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