scholarly journals The immune response does not prevent homologous Porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus reinfection five months after the initial challenge.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Díaz ◽  
Joan Pujols ◽  
Esmeralda Cano ◽  
Marti Cortey ◽  
Núria Navarro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Group B

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the duration of protective immunity against Porcine epidemic diarrheoa virus (PEDV). To that, a two phases study was performed. In the first phase, 75 four-week-old pigs (group A) were orally inoculated (0 days post-inoculation; dpi) with a European PEDV G1b strain and 14 were kept as controls (group B). The second phase started five month later (154 dpi), when animals in group A were homologous challenged and animals in group B were challenged for first time. Clinical signs, viral shedding and immune responses were evaluated after each inoculation, including the determination of antibodies (ELISA and viral neutralisation test, IgA and IgG ELISPOTs using peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lymph node cells) and the frequency of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secreting cells. During the first phase, loose stools/liquid faeces were observed in all group A animals. Faecal shedding of PEDV occurred mostly during the first 14 days but, in some animals, persisted until 42 dpi. All inoculated animals seroconverted for specific-PEDV IgG and IgA, and for neutralizing antibodies (NA). At 154 dpi, 77% of pigs were still positive for NA. After that, the homologous challenge resulted in a booster for IgG, IgA, NA, as well as specific-PEDV IgG, IgA and IFN-γ secreting cells. In spite of that, PEDV was detected in faeces of all pigs from group A, indicating that the immune response did not prevent reinfection although the duration of the viral shedding and the total load of virus shed was significantly lower for previously challenged pigs (p<0.05). Taken together, the results indicated that, potentially, maintenance of PEDV infection within an endemic farm may occur by transmission to and from previously infected animals and also indicates that sterilising immunity is shorter than the productive life of pigs.

Histopathologic lesions in conventional pigs experimentally infected with Haemophilus parasuis serovar 5

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (02) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.-L. Austin-Busse ◽  
A. Ladinig ◽  
G. Balka ◽  
S. Zoels ◽  
M. Ritzmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Haemophilus Parasuis ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Group A ◽  
Pathologic Lesions ◽  
Group B ◽  
Kidney Lesions ◽  
Challenge Group

Summary Objective: In the present study various tissues of pigs were investigated for the presence of histopathologic lesions after an experimental infection with Haemophilus (H.) parasuis serovar 5. Material and methods: Conventional pigs (n = 36) were divided into a control group B (n = 9) and a challenge group A (n = 27), which was infected intratracheally. Pigs that did not die prior to study termination were euthanized on day 14 post inoculation. Postmortem samples of the lung, heart, liver, kidney, spleen, left tarsal joint capsule and brain were collected. Results: All but one pig with detectable histopathologic lesions (n = 11) showed typical macroscopic changes. Histopatho logic examination of all tissue samples identified pyelitis (n = 10), synovitis (n = 7) and meningitis (n = 7) and all those animals were euthanized prior to study termination. No histopathologic lesions were found in pigs of the control group. The correlations between pyelitis and meningitis, pyelitis and synovitis and synovitis and meningitis were significant (p < 0.001). No significant correlation could be observed between the histopathologic and the clinical examination of the joints. The investigation of samples from the joints by PCR was not significantly correlated with the observed synovitis. The clinical observation of neurologic signs was significantly correlated with meningitis (p = 0.03). A significant correlation (p < 0.001) could be detected between meningitis and the detection of H. parasuis by PCR in brain samples. Conclusions: H. parasuis constantly causes clinical signs and pathologic lesions as soon as it infects the brain while it can infect the joints without causing histopathologic lesions. Pigs with histopathologic lesions do not always show typical clinical signs. Only few studies described the finding of kidney lesions in pigs with Glässer’s disease and this is the first study to describe a pyelitis in pigs experimentally infected with H. parasuis. The observed pyelitis mainly occurred in acute cases.

scholarly journals Comparison of gE/gI- and TK/gE/gI-Gene-Deleted Pseudorabies Virus Vaccines Mediated by CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/Lox Systems

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Jianglong Li ◽  
Kui Fang ◽  
Zhenxiang Rong ◽  
Xinxin Li ◽  
Xujiao Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Pseudorabies Virus ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Efficacious Vaccine

Pseudorabies (PR), caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), is an acute and febrile infectious disease in swine. To eradicate PR, a more efficacious vaccine needs to be developed. Here, the gE/gI- and TK/gE/gI-gene-deleted recombinant PRV (rGXΔgE/gI and rGXΔTK/gE/gI) are constructed through CRISPR/Cas9 and Cre/Lox systems. We found that the rGXΔTK/gE/gI was safer than rGXΔgE/gI in mice. Additionally, the effects of rGXΔgE/gI and rGXΔTK/gE/gI were further evaluated in swine. The rGXΔgE/gI and rGXΔTK/gE/gI significantly increased numbers of IFN-γ-producing CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells in swine, whereas there was no difference between rGXΔgE/gI and rGXΔTK/gE/gI. Moreover, rGXΔgE/gI and rGXΔTK/gE/gI promoted a PRV-specific humoral immune response. The PRV-specific humoral immune response induced by rGXΔgE/gI was consistent with that caused by rGXΔTK/gE/gI. After the challenge, swine vaccinated with rGXΔgE/gI and rGXΔTK/gE/gI showed no clinical signs and viral shedding. However, histopathological detection revealed that rGXΔgE/gI, not rGXΔTK/gE/gI, caused pathological lesions in brain and lung tissues. In summary, these results demonstrate that the TK/gE/gI-gene-deleted recombinant PRV was safer compared with rGXΔgE/gI in swine. The data imply that the TK/gE/gI-gene-deleted recombinant PRV may be a more efficacious vaccine candidate for the prevention of PR.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF VITAMIN-MINERAL PREMIX ON IMMUNE RESPONSE OF BABY CHICK RANIKHET DISEASE VACCINE IN CHICKS

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-99
Author(s):  
M Sadekuzzaman ◽  
MA Islam ◽  
MT Hossain ◽  
S Akter
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Neutralization Test ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Primary Vaccination ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Serum Neutralization ◽  
Group A ◽  
Serum Neutralization Test ◽  
Group B

A total of 150 (75 broiler and 75 layer) apparently healthy chicks were used to investigate the effect of vitamin-mineral premix on immune responses of Newcastle disease (ND) vaccine (Baby Chick Ranikhet Disease Vaccine, F-strain) during the period from January to March 2003. The chicks were divided into six groups namely group A, B and C for broiler and group D, E and F for layer birds consisting of 25 birds in each group. Chicks of group A, C, D and F were supplied with vitamin-mineral premix containing feed and chicks of group B and E were supplied with vitamin-mineral deficient feed. The chicks of group A, B, D and E were primarily vaccinated with 0. 1 ml of BCRDV of 1065 EID50/0. 1 ml per bird through intraocular route at the age of day 3 and were revaccinated with the same vaccine at the age of day 17. Birds of group C and F were kept as unvaccinated control. Chickens of all the groups were challenged with the virulent isolate of NDV @ 0.5 ml/bird IM (1045 EID50/0.1 ml) after two weeks of secondary vaccination. Titres were determined before and after vaccination by hemagglutination test (HI) test and serum neutralization test (SNT) was performed to measure the potency of immune serum. The HI titres of birds of groups A, B, D and E were 128, 16, 128 and 128 respectively after primary vaccination and 256, 128, 256 and 256 respectively after secondary vaccination. From the study it was found that among the experimental layer birds, no difference was noticed on the immune response to BCRDV. On the other hand, among the experimental broiler birds, birds of group A revealed higher HI titre compared to the birds of group B. Results of serum neutralization test indicated that the sera of birds possessing HI titre ?128 demonstrated a good level of virus neutralizing activity of ?7.60. The birds possessing HI titre of 128 ± 0.00 did not show any clinical signs of ND following challenge and the survivability was recorded as 100%. It may be concluded that supplementation of vitamin-mineral premix to the diet induces better immune response following vaccination with BCRDV in broiler chickens compared to the layer chickens.

Survival of classic swine fever virus in hams made from the meat of pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and unvaccinated pigs

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 536-551
Author(s):  
Heidi Amezcua Hempel ◽  
María Salud Rubio Lozano ◽  
Eliseo Manuel Hernández Baumgarten ◽  
Pablo Correa Girón † ◽  
Oscar Torres Ángeles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Strain ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Direct Immunofluorescence ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Group D

The study was to determine the presence of Classical Swine Fever virus (CSFv), in the meat of vaccinated pigs with the PAV-250 strain and then challenged using the same strain. Five treatment groups were established (each with four pigs). Group A: Pigs thatwere fed with processed hams from negative animals; Group B: Pigs that were fed with processed hams from commercial pigs inoculated with the ALD (reference strain) (titre of 104.0/ml); Group C: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs infected with the virulent ALD strain (titre of 102.5/ml); Group D: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (titre of 101.1/ml); and Group E: Pigs fed with processed hams from pigs vaccinated with two doses of the PAV-250 strain and challenged with the ALD strain (negative). Blood samples were taken at d 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 for biometric analysis. Groups B, C and D manifested clinical signs of CSFv: 40 °C temperature, anorexia, paralysis, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, hirsute hair and cyanosis. Pigs were slaughtered and necropsies performed to identify lesions in tissues. Results of direct immunofluorescence testing of tissues were positive and the virus was recovered. Under these study conditions, it was found that CSFv resisted the cooking method at 68 °C for 40 min in hams from unvaccinated pigs, and that the virus was able to transmit the disease to healthy unvaccinated pigs, whereas the hams from the vaccinated animals did not transmit the virus.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Rapid Commercial Canine Parvovirus Antigen Detection Tests with Electron Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Schmitz ◽  
Christina Coenen ◽  
König Matthias ◽  
Thiel Heinz-Jürgen ◽  
Reto Neiger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Chronic Diarrhea ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Canine Parvovirus ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Group A ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Group B

Different antibody-based tests for rapid detection of Canine parvovirus antigens in feces are commercially available, allowing quick diagnosis in a clinical setting. However, the diagnostic accuracy of these tests compared with standard methods has not been evaluated so far. In the current study, 3 commercial tests were compared with immune-electron microscopy (IEM) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dogs were divided into 3 groups: group A, samples from dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea ( n = 50); group B, dogs with chronic diarrhea ( n = 10); and group C, dogs with no evidence of gastrointestinal disease ( n = 40). Specificity of all 3 commercial tests versus PCR and IEM was good to excellent (92.2–100%). Sensitivity, in contrast, was poor: 15.8–26.3% versus PCR and 50–60% versus IEM. In group A, 10 dogs were positive by IEM and 24 dogs were positive by PCR. Positive PCR results were also obtained from animals in control groups (group B, 1 dog; group C, 5 dogs). No dog in group B or C was positive by IEM. In conclusion, the rapid tests are useful to diagnose canine parvoviral enteritis, but they do not rule out parvovirus infection in an animal with typical clinical signs. In addition, a small percentage of healthy dogs and dogs with chronic diarrhea showed positive PCR results; this may be due to asymptomatic/persistent infection or intestinal passage of virus. The significance of this finding remains unclear.

scholarly journals POS1229 ANTI-MDA5 AND ANTISYNTHETASE ANTIBODIES SCREENING IN SEVERE SARS-COV-2 PNEUMONIA. BE AWARE OF FALSE POSITIVE RESULTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 898.1-898
Author(s):  
A. Gil-Vila ◽  
J. Perurena-Prieto ◽  
C. Nolla-Fontana ◽  
O. Orozco-Galvez ◽  
M. Miarons-Font ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Antisynthetase Syndrome ◽  
Antisynthetase Antibodies ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Glass Pattern

Background:Several reports have shown that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may trigger a vigorous immune response that could lead to the appearance of various autoantibodies such as antinuclear antibodies, antiphospholipid antibodies or anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, among others. Moreover, the pulmonary involvement in SARS-CoV-2 may resemble that of patients with anti-MDA5 positive syndrome or acute form of antisynthetase syndrome.Objectives:Our aim was to analyse the presence of anti-MDA5 and other myositis-specific autoantibodies such as the antisynthetase antibodies in patients diagnosed with severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2.Methods:Retrospective observational study performed in a tertiary care center. We included 28 patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe acute respiratory syndrome, 14 at the onset of the disease (group A) and 14 after 30 days of being treated in an intensive care unit (group B). Chest CT was performed at the admission. We analyzed the presence of anti-MDA5 and antisynthetase antibodies by immunoblot (Euroimmune®) and in those who were positive we performed a confirmatory test by immunoprecipitation.Results:All chest CT showed bilateral ground glass pattern. Three out of 14 patients of group A (12 males, 86%, mean ± SD age 67.1 ± 12.2) were positive for antisynthetase antibodies (2 anti-PL7, 1 anti-Jo1), and 6 out of 14 patients of the group B (6 males, 48%, mean ± SD age 68.7 ± 8.1) were positive to antisynthetase antibodies (2 anti-PL7, 2 anti-PL-12, 1 anti-EJ, 1 anti-OJ+PL7). Immunoblots also show positivity for other myositis-specific or associated antibodies, such as anti-TIF1g, anti-PM75, anti-SAE and anti-SRP. All of these results found by immunoblotting were negative by immunoprecipitation. None of the 28 patients were positive for anti-MDA5 antibodies.Conclusion:Severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is characterized by ground glass pattern in chest CT, as it is found in anti-MDA5 or antisynthetase syndrome. The positivity of several myositis related autoantibodies showed in immunoblot appears to be more related to the vigorous immune response producing polyclonal immunoglobulins than triggering a real myositis-associated interstitial lung disease. Clinicians must be aware about these false positive results in patients with severe COVID-19 acute respiratory syndrome.References:[1]Xu Q. MDA5 should be detected in severe COVID-19 patients. Med Hypotheses. 2020; 143:109890.[2]Giannini M, Ohana M, Nespola B, Zanframundo G, Geny B, Meyer A. Similarities between COVID-19 and anti-MDA5 syndrome: what can we learn for better care? Eur Respir J. 2020; 56:2001618.[3]Vlachoyiannopoulos PG, Magira E, Alexopoulos H, Jahaj E, Theophilopoulou K, Kotanidou A, Tzioufas AG. Autoantibodies related to systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases in severely ill patients with COVID-19. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Dec;79(12):1661-1663Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals The efficacy of paclitaxel drug-eluting balloon angioplasty versus standard balloon angioplasty in stenosis of native hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Cisneros Clavijo ◽  
M Donato ◽  
J Ajila ◽  
K Garzon ◽  
F Escobar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Access ◽  
Balloon Angioplasty ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Target Lesion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Central Type ◽  
Group A ◽  
Drug Eluting ◽  
Drug Eluting Balloon ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background End stage renal disease is on increasing trend and haemodialysis is the main dialysis modality among these patients. Thus, a functioning dialysis vascular access is critical to the delivery of life-saving haemodialysis treatment to these patients. Conventional angioplasty is the first line of treatment; with a 50% of permeability rate (6 months). For this reason, new alternatives are necessary to maintain the access permeability.Hypothesis: Paclitaxel coated balloon is superior to conventional plain balloon angioplasty with decreased re-stenosis of target lesion, improved access circuit and target lesion patency, and decreased number of interventions needed to maintain patency. Methods A total of 39 patients were randomized to receive a paclitaxel-coated balloon (n=15) or plain angioplasty balloon (n=24) after satisfactory angioplasty with a high-pressure balloon. The inclusion criteria were clinical signs of vascular dysfunction confirmed by Doppler Ultrasound and/or angiography. The primary endpoint was target lesion patency defined as time elapsed between the completion of effective and the appearance of restenosis at 3, 6 and 12 months after angioplasty. Secondary endpoints included the relationship between the location of the stenosis, previous angioplasty, demographic variables and survival. Results We recruited 39 patients with dysfunctional vascular accesses; 24 were assigned to the conventional balloon angioplasty group and 15 drug-eluting balloon angioplasty (paclitaxel). With demographic characteristics in Table I. In group A, all were autologous acces. Group B 16% (4) of the accesses were prosthetic and 84% (20) autologous. In relation to the type and length of stenosis, group A was more frequent at the level and longer, whereas in group B it predominated in the central type and less than 20 mm.In our study, we also observed a high rate of total occlusions, frequently in central vessels in group B, while in group A, where peripheral vessels were predominant, total occlusion was less frequent. Table II. We had no complications in either group, and dialysis was immediate at the end of the procedure. Group A did not present restenosis. Table III. Table III shows DEB group (15p) with 100% of permeability according to follow-up and only one (1/15) of patients died due to myocardial infarction and cerebrovascular accident and this patient kept lasted 9 months without restenosis In Table IV. Group B had 2 (8%) patients with restenosis so it was necessary to reoperate using a drug eluting balloon and until now there is no restenosis. From this group we do not have mortality. One patient 1 (24%) had a recovered infarction. Conclusions Paclitaxel-coated balloon angioplasty resulted in superior survival of dysfunctional peripheral vascular access at 12 meses. Both arms show equivalent complications and similar mortality FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public hospital(s). Main funding source(s): Enrique Garcés Hospital

scholarly journals Analysis of factors affected the SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding time of COVID-19 patients in Anhui, China: a retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
You-Hui Tu ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Wei ◽  
Da-Wei Zhang ◽  
Chang-Shan Chen ◽  
Xian-Wei Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocyte ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Epidemiological Risk ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background The epidemic of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread worldwide, but the factors that may affect the SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding time in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were rarely reported. Methods We retrospectively recruited 40 confirmed common COVID-19 patients and classified them into two groups according to the SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding time (group A (less than 10 days) and group B (10 days or more)). The demographic, laboratory parameters and chest computed tomography (CT) features on admission and the 3 rd day after treatment were analyzed respectively. Results Fourteen patients were in group A and 26 patients in group B, the median SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding time of the two groups was 7 and 16 days respectively. Compared to the group A, the comorbidity, epidemiological risk history, serum glucose and CD4/8 on admission were significantly higher in the group B (P<0.05). On the 3 rd day after treatment, the group B got significantly higher IL-6, IL-2R, TNF-α and CD4/8, and lower platelet and CD8 + T lymphocyte counts than group A (P<0.05). Logistic regression analyses revealed that the higher epidemiological risk history, serum glucose and CD4/8 on admission were significantly associated with a longer SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding time (OR=7.5, 11.41, 9.21 respectively, P<0.05), as well as the higher TNF-α and lower CD8 + T lymphocytes on the 3 rd day after treatment (OR=2.36, 0.98 respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions Our study provides the evidence that the prolonged SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding time might be correlated with the patients’ epidemiological risk history, as well as the serum glucose and CD4/8 on admission, TNF-α and CD8 + T lymphocytes on the 3 rd day after treatment. Our result may help clinicians to distinguish the patients with a prolonged viral shedding time at the early stage.

scholarly journals Infectious SARS-CoV-2 is emitted in aerosols

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth A. Hawks ◽  
Aaron J. Prussin ◽  
Sarah C. Kuchinsky ◽  
Jin Pan ◽  
Linsey C. Marr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Infectious Virus ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Respiratory Droplets ◽  
Kinetics Of

Respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 are transmitted in respiratory droplets and aerosols, which are released during talking, breathing, coughing, and sneezing. Non-contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2 has been demonstrated, suggesting transmission in aerosols. Here we demonstrate that golden Syrian hamsters emit infectious SARS-CoV-2 in aerosols, prior to and concurrent with the onset of mild clinical signs of disease. The emission rate is 25 infectious virions/hour on days 1 and 2 post-inoculation, with viral RNA levels 200-fold higher than infectious virus in aerosols. Female hamsters have delayed kinetics of viral shedding in aerosols compared to male hamsters. The majority of virus is contained within aerosols <8 microns in size. Thus, we provide direct evidence that, in hamsters, SARS-CoV-2 is an airborne virus.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary concentrate level on body immune response in calves fed a wheat straw-based diet : short communication

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Santra ◽  
N.N. Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Differential Leukocyte Count ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group Protein ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Group B

Twenty 9-month-old crossbred calves were divided into 2 equal groups (A and B; n = 10). The feeding trial was conducted for 119 days to study the effect of concentrate supplementation on body immune response and blood metabolites in calves. The concentrate and roughage (wheat straw) ratio in the diet of Groups A and B was 60:40 and 30:70, respectively. Daily dry matter intake was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in Group A than in Group B, which also resulted in significantly higher (P < 0.01) total body weight gain in the former group. Protein, albumin, globulin, total and differential leukocyte count in blood were similar in the 2 groups but blood glucose level was higher (P < 0.05) in the calves of Group A. There was no difference in body immune response between the groups, which indicated that body immune response of animals is not significantly influenced by restricted concentrate feeding.

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