scholarly journals 2-Heptanone Produces Sensorial-Emotional Changes, Depending on Length of Exposure / La 2-heptanona produce cambios sensorio-emocionales, dependiendo del tiempo de exposición

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ana Gloria Gutiérrez-García ◽  
Carlos M. Contreras ◽  
María Remedios Mendoza-López
Keyword(s):  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Exclusion Criteria ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Emotional Changes ◽  
Human Fluids ◽  
Urine Specimens

<p>Abstract:</p><p>2-Heptanone is an alarm pheromone contained in some human fluids, but its role is unknown in chemical communication. In part one of this study, a sample of 24 women provided urine specimens taken around their supposed ovulation days, and a second sample 12 days later. As exclusion criteria, women with anxiety (based on the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Spielberger), mood disorders (based on the Clinical Diagnosis of Depression Questionnaire), and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (based on the Daily Symptoms Report) were not included in the study. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry indicated that urinary 2-heptanone content was increased approximately two-fold during pre-menstruation compared with the days around ovulation. In part two of this study, 141 male and female volunteers, sniffed this ketone and with a simple questionnaire it was determined that the longest tested duration (180 s) of sniffing 2-heptanone lowered the acceptance of sniffing this ketone again, compared with the shorter sniffing durations (5 and 60 s), with no differences between sexes. The increased concentration of 2-heptanone during the day before menstruation may be considered as part of the functional changes preceding menstruation and sniffing this ketone may produce sensorial-emotional changes depending on time of sniffing, the significance of this deserves further study.</p><p> </p><p>Resumen:</p><p>La 2-heptanona es una feromona de alarma detectable en algunos fluidos humanos, pero se desconoce su papel en la comunicación química. En la primer parte del estudio, 24 mujeres jóvenes y sanas, proveyeron una primera muestra de orina alrededor del día de ovulación y una segunda 12 días más tarde. Como criterio de exclusión, se descartaron mujeres con ansiedad (Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo, Spielberger), trastornos del estado de ánimo (Cuestionario de diagnóstico clínico de depresión) y trastorno disfórico premenstrual (basado en los síntomas diarios de informe). La cromatografía de gases/espectrometría de masas indicó que el contenido urinario de 2-heptanona aumentó aproximadamente al doble antes de la menstruación en comparación con los días cercanos a la ovulación. En la segunda parte del estudio, otros 141 voluntarios (femeninos y masculinos) inhalaron esta cetona y con ello se determinó que con el tiempo más prolongado (180 s) de exposición por olfateo a la 2-heptanona disminuyó la aceptación para olerla nuevamente, en comparación con los tiempos más cortos de olfateo (5 y 60 s). Lo anterior se evidenció mediante las respuestas a un cuestionario simple. No hubo diferencias significativas por género. El aumento de la concentración urinaria de 2-heptanona, durante el día antes de la menstruación, se consideraría como parte de los cambios funcionales premenstruales y el hecho de oler esta cetona produciría cambios sensorial-emocionales dependiendo del tiempo de exposición, cuyo significado requiere mayor estudio.</p>

The Neurobiology of Pain

2019 ◽  
pp. 387-414
Author(s):  
Maria Fitzgerald ◽  
Michael W. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Pain Pathways ◽  
Developmental Age ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Age And Sex

The influence of development and sex on pain perception has long been recognized but only recently has it become clear that this is due to specific differences in underlying pain neurobiology. This chapter summarizes the evidence for mechanistic differences in male and female pain biology and for functional changes in pain pathways through infancy, adolescence, and adulthood. It describes how both developmental age and sex determine peripheral nociception, spinal and brainstem processing, brain networks, and neuroimmune pathways in pain. Finally, the chapter discusses emerging evidence for interactions between sex and development and the importance of sex in the short- and long-term effects of early life pain.

Use of High-Resolution Open Tubular Glass Capillary Columns to Separate Acidic Metabolites in Urine

1975 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 888-891 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A Knights ◽  
Mary Legendre ◽  
John L Laseter ◽  
James S Storer
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Capillary Columns ◽  
General Purpose ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Glass Capillary ◽  
Glass Capillary Columns ◽  
Trimethylsilyl Derivatives ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Urine Specimens

Abstract We used high-resolution glass capillary columns to study the trimethylsilyl derivatives of some acidic metabolites found in pooled urine specimens from control and postpartum subjects. About 30 compounds were identified by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry—computer techniques. In general, open tubular capillary columns effect better resolution of trimethylsilyl derivatives of organic acids than do conventional packed columns. GE SE-30 proved to be a good general-purpose stationary phase, whereas OV-17 offered certain advantages in resolving aromatic acid components.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a GC-MS Method for the Detection and Quantification of Clotiapine in Blood and Urine Specimens and Application to a Postmortem Case

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Mannocchi ◽  
Flaminia Pantano ◽  
Roberta Tittarelli ◽  
Miriam Catanese ◽  
Federica Umani Ronchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Blood And Urine Samples ◽  
Development And Validation ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Detection And Quantification

Introduction. Clotiapine is an atypical antipsychotic of the dibenzothiazepine class introduced in a few European countries since 1970, efficient in treatment-resistant schizophrenic patients. There is little published data on the therapeutic and toxic concentrations of this drug.Aims. The aim of the present study is the development and validation of a method that allows the detection and quantification of clotiapine in blood and urine specimens by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Methods. Validation was performed working on spiked postmortem blood and urine samples. Samples were extracted with liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) technique at pH 8.5 with n-hexane/dichloromethane (85/15 v/v) and analysis was followed by GC-MS. Methadone-d9 was used as internal standard.Results. The limit of detection (LOD) was 1.2 and 1.3 ng/mL for urine and blood, respectively, while the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 3.9 and 4.3 ng/mL, respectively. Linearity, precision, selectivity, accuracy, and recovery were also determined. The method was applied to a postmortem case. The blood and urine clotiapine concentrations were 1.32 and 0.49 μg/mL, respectively.Conclusions. A reliable GC-MS method for the detection and quantification of clotiapine in blood and urine samples has been developed and fully validated and then applied to a postmortem case.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of a Serbian version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory X-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Damjan Jakšić ◽  
◽  
Jovana Trbojević Jocić ◽  
Stefan Maričić ◽  
• Bülent Okan Miçooğulları ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Positive Affect ◽  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
The State ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Latent Space ◽  
Significant Difference

Given that anxiety is a significant individual disposition that affects sports performance, this study aimed to verify the latent variables obtained by the State – Trait Anxiety Inventory X-2, and to compare the obtained factor solutions with the proposed model of latent variables. The second aim refers to the presentation of the results of the questionnaire State – Trait Anxiety Inventory X-2 answered by Serbian male and female handball players. The research was conducted on a sample of 170 respondents, 99 male and 71 female handball players, aged 14 to 39 years (average age = 21.9) with an average handball playing career of 9.39 years. Towards the end of 2019, the respondents filled in the above-mentioned questionnaire used to assess anxiety as a personality trait. Exploratory factor analysis with certain modifications of the algorithm was applied to determine accurately latent space. The overall analysis was performed using the R statistical package. Four factors were selected based on the conducted factor analysis of the latent space of the questionnaire. Ten, five, three and two items are projected on the first, second, third and fourth factor respectively. Since internal reliability of the fourth factor was 0.394 it was excluded from further consideration and interpretation. The achieved scores on four separate factors show that Serbian male and female handball players achieve average results on the first (Presence of Trait anxiety) and the third factor (Absence of proactivity), while they achieve scores above the average on the second factor (Positive affect). In order to examine the sex differences between the examined variables, a one-way analysis of variance was performed. The findings show that there is no statistically significant difference on all three factors between the scores achieved by male and female handball players. A statistically significant difference between handball players of different competitive ranks appeared only on the Positive affect factor between the top athletes and the athletes in the second league (p = .04).

scholarly journals Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Tomicus minor (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) to host volatiles

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Hua ◽  
Wang Hong-Wei ◽  
Yang Wei ◽  
Yang Chun-Ping
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Forest Pest ◽  
Behavioral Tests ◽  
Host Volatiles ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Pinus Yunnanensis ◽  
Pine Shoot Beetle ◽  
Tomicus Minor ◽  
Plant Compounds

To screen for host volatiles that effectively attract the lesser pine shoot beetle, Tomicus minor (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), an important forest pest, water vapor distillation extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were combined to analyze volatiles emitted from uninfested and infested shoots of Pinus yunnanensis (Pinaceae). Electroantennography and Y-tube olfactometer behavioral tests were used to compare and analyze the responses of male and female beetles to each of selected eight compounds. The spectrometry results showed that monoterpenes are the primary chemicals emitted by P. yunnanensis. The electroantennogram responses of adult T. minor to six of the plant compounds peaked at 10 μg/μL; the exceptions were terpinolene and myrcene, which had maxima above 100 μg/μL. (+)-α-Pinene and β-phellandrene were strongly attractiveto the male and female adults.

Thiodiacetic Acid -a Metabolite of Ethylene Oxide

1997 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 70-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Scheick ◽  
G. Spiteller ◽  
C. Dasenbrock
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Oxide ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Premature Babies ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Peroxidation Processes ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Control Samples

Urine samples of premature babies contain high amounts of thiodiacetic acid (TDA). Since these pre-term infants are exposed to an increased oxygen atmosphere in the incubator, we supposed that these high levels of thiodiacetic acid might be produced from ethylene, generated in the course of lipid peroxidation processes. Considering that conversion of ethylene to ethylene oxide (EO) is well known in biology we investigated whether ethylene oxide is metabolised to thiodiacetic acid or not. Therefore Sprague-Dawley rats and NMRI mice were exposed to ethylene oxide for six hours. Urine specimens were collected after exposure and the amount of thiodiacetic acid was determined by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The quantity of excreted TDA increased enormously compared to control samples. So thiodiacetic acid seems to be a metabolite of ethylene oxide in vivo.

scholarly journals A longitudinal study of the faecal microbiome and metabolome of periparturient mares

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shebl E. Salem ◽  
Rachael Hough ◽  
Chris Probert ◽  
Thomas W. Maddox ◽  
Philipp Antczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Faecal Microbiota ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Periparturient Period ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Management Changes

Background Periparturient mares are at increased risk of colic including large colon volvulus, which has a high mortality rate. Alterations in colonic microbiota related to either physiological or management changes, or both, that occur at this time have been suggested as potential causes for increased colic risk in this population of horses. Although the effect of management changes on the horse faecal microbiota has been investigated, limited work has been conducted to investigate changes in faecal microbiota structure and function in the periparturient period. The objectives of the current study were to investigate temporal stability of the faecal microbiota and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the faecal metabolome in periparturient mares. Methods Faecal samples were collected weekly from five pregnant mares from 3 weeks pre-foaling to 7 weeks post-foaling. The microbiome data was generated by PCR amplification and sequencing of the V1–V2 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA genes, while the VOC profile was characterised using headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Results The mare faecal microbiota was relatively stable over the periparturient period and most variation was associated with individual mares. A small number of operational taxonomic units were found to be significantly differentially abundant between samples collected before and after foaling. A total of 98 VOCs were identified. The total number of VOCs did not vary significantly between individual mares, weeks of sample collection and feeds available to the mares. Three VOCs (decane, 2-pentylfuran, and oct-2-ene) showed significant increase overtime on linear mixed effects modelling analysis. These results suggest that the mare faecal microbiota is structurally and functionally stable during the periparturient period. The findings also suggest that if changes in the gut microbiota are related to development of colic postpartum, altered risk may be due to inherent differences between individual mares. VOCs offer a cost-effective means of looking at the functional changes in the microbiome and warrant further investigation in mares at risk of colic.

EFFECT OF GENDER-TYPES ON INTERPERSONAL STRESS MEASURED BY BLINK RATE AND QUESTIONNAIRES: FOCUSING ON STEREOTYPICALLY SEX-TYPED AND ANDROGYNOUS TYPES

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumi Hirokawa ◽  
Fumio Yamada ◽  
Itsuko Dohi ◽  
Yo Miyata
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
State Trait Anxiety Inventory ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Gender Type

This study was conducted to determine how differences of self gender-type and partner's gendertype in Japan had an effect on interpersonal stress (anxiety/uneasiness) during a conversation among mixed-sex pairs. The level of interpersonal stress was discussed in relation to blink rate. The participants were assigned to one of the following four pair types: (a) Male and female were androgynous (maleA-femaleA); (b) Male was androgynous and female was stereotypically sex-typed as feminine (maleA-femaleST); (c) Male was stereotypically sex-typed as masculine and female was androgynous (maleST-femaleA); (d) Both were stereotypically sex-typed (maleST-femaleST). Dependent measures were (1) Blink rate during five-minute conversation of one-minute intervals, and (2) Questionnaires (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory I and Iceberg Profile). Results suggested that participants who had a conversation with an androgynous partner reduced their interpersonal stress.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document