scholarly journals Are Tattooing Indicators of Dark Personalities? An Analysis of Body Modification within the Framework of Dark Triad of Personality

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4(S)) ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Dan Florin Stanescu ◽  
Marius Constantin Romascanu

There are several displays commonly labeled as body modifications, including body piercings, scarification, tattoos, cutting, etc. In this study, we were focused on one distinct form of body modification, namely tattoos. The current exploratory study investigated the connection between body modifications (BM) and Dark Triad personality for a sample of 77 university students with BM, compared to a control group of 77 non-BM individuals. Three self-administrated questionnaires were used to collect the data: Self-Report Psychopathy Scale-Short Form, Mach-IV scale, and Narcissistic Personality Inventory. The findings suggest that subclinical psychopathy is most strongly connected to body modifications. An increased number of tattoos was also significantly correlated with a higher level of anti-sociality. Participants with visible body modifications had significantly higher affective callousness and overall self-reported subclinical psychopathy levels, compared with individuals with non-visible alterations.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siddoju Aishwarya

The present study explored the correlations between the four humor styles and the Dark Triad traits of personality. Participants were 202 undergraduates from India who finished the humor Styles Questionnaire, the Narcissistic Personality Inventory, the Self-Report Psychopathy Scale, and the MACHIV. Results intimated that member who scored higher on sub-clinical psychopathy and Machiavellianism exhibited a more inclination to utilise negative humor styles (self-defeating and aggressive). whereas, individuals who got higher scores on narcissism were progressively inclined to have a preference toward affiliative humor or style and self-enhancing humor style and they negatively correlated with negative humor styles. The study was conducted to help understand the personality traits of individuals with various genre of humor and help to explain the nature of the Dark Triad traits of personality. It said to shed light on the interpersonal styles employed by people who exhibit these attributes.


2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 931-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silke Wohlrab ◽  
Jutta Stahl ◽  
Thomas Rammsayer ◽  
Peter M. Kappeler

After a long history of negative stigmatisation, the practices of tattooing and body piercing have become fashionable in the last decade. Today, 10% of the population in modern western societies have some form of body modification. The aim of this study was to quantify the demographic and personality traits of tattooed and pierced individuals and to compare them with a control group of individuals without body modifications. These comparisons are based on questionnaires completed by 359 individuals that investigate the details of body modification, and which incorporate five personality scales. We describe several sex differences in ornament style and location. We found no relevant differences between modified and non‐modified individuals in relation to demographic variables. This indicates that some of the traditional attitudes towards tattoos and piercings appear to be outdated. However, we found striking differences in personality traits which suggest that body‐modified individuals are greater sensation seekers and follow a more unrestricted mating strategy than their non‐modified contemporaries. We discuss these differences in light of a potential signalling function of tattoos and piercings in the mating context. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-330
Author(s):  
Kovács Dóra Csilla ◽  
Mészáros Veronika ◽  
Tanyi Zsuzsanna ◽  
Ferenczi Andrea ◽  
Jakubovits Edit ◽  
...  

Bevezetés: A pszichopátia kutatásának története hosszú múltra tekint vissza a mentális egészségtudományokban. Ez idő alatt több megközelítés is született, melyekhez kapcsolódóan kérdőíveket is kidolgoztak a kutatók. Cél: Jelen tanulmány a Pszichopátiás Önértékelő Skála rövid változatának (Self Report Psychopathy Short Form; SRP-SF) magyar nyelvű adaptálását tűzi ki célul. A tanulmányban elemezzük a kérdőív faktorszerkezetét, belső konzisztenciáját, valamint konvergens validitását a nárcizmussal, a machiavellizmussal, a szenzoros élménykereséssel, a neuroticizmussal, az agresszióval, valamint konkurens validitását a pszichopátiát mérő mérőeszközzel. Módszerek: Keresztmetszeti, kérdőíves vizsgálatunkat 605 fős heterogén mintán folytattuk le. A kapcsolatrendszer elemzésére az SRP-SF mellett a fent említett konstruktumok mérésére alkalmas mérőeszközöket is használtunk, úgymint a Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja személyiség-kérdőív 80 itemes rövid változatát, a Rövid Sötét Triád tesztet, illetve a Patológiás Nárcizmus kérdőívet. Eredmények: A megerősítő faktorelemzés eredménye rámutatott arra, hogy az általunk alkalmazott mintán a kérdőív háromfaktoros modellje illeszkedik a legjobban (illeszkedési mutatók: χ 2(164) = 817,741, p < 0,001; CFI = 0,930; TLI = 0,919; RMSEA [90% CI] = 0,081 [0,075–0,087]), a bűnügyi tendenciák skála jelenléte a jelen mintán nem megerősíthető. Az SRP-SF belső konzisztenciája megfelelőnek bizonyult (Cronbach-α = 0,659– 0,774). A kérdőív más mérőeszközökkel mutatott kapcsolataiból pedig arra lehet következtetni, hogy az állítások inkább az elsődleges pszichopátiát mérik, és a kérdőívben elkülönülnek a pszichopátia interperszonális és életmódbeli aspektusai. Következtetés: az SRP-SF egy olyan könnyen és gyorsan felvehető kérdőív, amely megfelelő pszichometriai mutatókkal rendelkezik és a bűnügyi tendenciák skálától eltekintve alkalmazható nem klinikai mintán is. Introduction: The research history of psychopathy has a long history in the mental health sciences. During this time, several approaches were developed, and in connection with the theories the researchers also developed questionnaires. Aim: The aim of the study is the Hungarian adaptation of the Self-Reporting Psychopathy Short Form (SRP-SF). We have analyzed the factor structure of the questionnaire, its internal consistency, and convergent validity of the questionnaire with narcissism, Machiavellianism, sensation seeking, neuroticism, aggression, and other measure of psychopathy. Methods: The study included 605 individuals, who were heterogeneous by profession. In addition to SRP-SF, an 80-item short version of the Zuckerman–Kuhlman–Aluja Personality Questionnaire, the Short Dark Triad test, and the Pathological Narcissism questionnaire were also administered to analyze the relationships of psychopathy. Results: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the three-factor model of the questionnaire fits best in the sample we used (fit indicators: χ 2(164) = 817.741, p < 0.001; CFI = 0.930; TLI = 0.919; RMSEA [90% CI] = 0.081 [0.075–0.087]) , the presence of the scale of crime trends in the present sample cannot be confirmed. The internal consistency of SRP-SF was found to be adequate (Cronbach’s α = 0.659–0.774). And from the relationships of the questionnaire with other measures, it can be concluded that the statements tend to measure primary psychopathy, and the interpersonal and lifestyle aspects of psychopathy are separated in the questionnaire. Conclusion: Except for the Crime trends scale, SRP-SF is an easy and quick to take test that has appropriate psychometric indicators and can be applied to a non-clinical sample


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Xu ◽  
Xiaojun Jia ◽  
Shuanghong Chen ◽  
Yingying Xie ◽  
K. K. Tong ◽  
...  

Abstract Background Objectively measured differences in physical activity (PA) and sleep have been documented among people with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to non-arthritic controls. However, it is not clear whether OA and RA subgroups also differ on these indexes or the extent to which distinct arthritis subgroups versus controls can be accurately identified on the basis of objective PA and sleep indexes compared to self-report responses on questionnaires. This study addressed these gaps. Methods This case-control study comprised Chinese adults with OA (N = 40) or RA (N = 40) diagnoses based on physician assessments as well as a control group of adults without chronic pain (N = 40). All participants wore a Sensewear Armband (SWA) for consecutive 7 days and completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form-Chinese as well as Pittsburgh Sleep Diary to obtain objective and subjective PA and sleep data, respectively. Results There were no differences between the three groups on any self-report indexes of PA or sleep. Conversely, OA and RA subgroups displayed significantly lower PA levels and more sleep problems than controls did on a majority of SWA indexes, though arthritis subgroups were not differentiated from one another on these measures. Logistic regression analyses indicated four non-multicollinear SWA indexes (i.e., steps, active energy expenditure, vigorous activity, time awake after sleep onset) correctly identified the subgroup membership of 75.0–82.5% of participants with RA or OA while classification accuracy results were attenuated for controls. Conclusions Where possible, objective measures should be used to assess PA and sleep of adults with OA and RA while particular self-report PA questionnaires should be used sparingly.


10.2196/17341 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e17341
Author(s):  
Luca Cerniglia ◽  
Silvia Cimino ◽  
Eleonora Marzilli ◽  
Esterina Pascale ◽  
Renata Tambelli

Background International research has emphasized that youths are at higher risk for the onset of internet addiction (IA), but studies investigating biological, psychological, and social factors associated with this condition are limited. Objective This study aims to investigate the possible association between IA and genetic polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), serotonin-transporter (5-HTTPR), dopamine receptor (DRD4), and dopamine transporter (DAT1) genes by considering the role played by the perception of young adults in their family functioning and their depression, anxiety, and avoidant personality problems. Methods In a sample of 104 male and female young adults aged between 19 and 23 years (mean age 21.87, SD 2.29 years) recruited from universities in the central southern part of Italy, we addressed the presence of IA using the Young criteria of the IA test. Moreover, the perception of young adults of their family functioning and their psychopathological symptoms were assessed through the Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the Adult Self-Report, respectively. Results We found no significant association between IA and any genetic polymorphisms, neither among males or females. Young adults with IA reported significantly higher scores in the subscale of FAD affective responsiveness (AR; P=.01) and in depressive problems (P=.02), anxiety problems (P=.009), and avoidant personality problems (P=.003) than those in the control group. Results of mediation analyses showed a mediation role played by depressive symptoms (B=0.99; 95% CI 0.22 to 1.97) and avoidant personality problems (B=1.09; 95% CI 0.32 to 2.05) of young adults on the relationship between the FAD, AR, and IA. Finally, this relationship was moderated by the genotype of the 5-HTTLPR (P<.001), DAT1 (P<.001), and MAO-A (P<.001) genes in young adults. Conclusions This exploratory study supports the recent evidence on the mutual relationship among biological, individual, and social risk factors associated with IA in young adulthood. Our findings may have important clinical implications for the development of prevention and treatment programs.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Cerniglia ◽  
Silvia Cimino ◽  
Eleonora Marzilli ◽  
Esterina Pascale ◽  
Renata Tambelli

BACKGROUND International research has emphasized that youths are at higher risk for the onset of internet addiction (IA), but studies investigating biological, psychological, and social factors associated with this condition are limited. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the possible association between IA and genetic polymorphisms in monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), serotonin-transporter (5-HTTPR), dopamine receptor (DRD4), and dopamine transporter (DAT1) genes by considering the role played by the perception of young adults in their family functioning and their depression, anxiety, and avoidant personality problems. METHODS In a sample of 104 male and female young adults aged between 19 and 23 years (mean age 21.87, SD 2.29 years) recruited from universities in the central southern part of Italy, we addressed the presence of IA using the Young criteria of the IA test. Moreover, the perception of young adults of their family functioning and their psychopathological symptoms were assessed through the Family Assessment Device (FAD) and the Adult Self-Report, respectively. RESULTS We found no significant association between IA and any genetic polymorphisms, neither among males or females. Young adults with IA reported significantly higher scores in the subscale of FAD affective responsiveness (AR; <i>P</i>=.01) and in depressive problems (<i>P</i>=.02), anxiety problems (<i>P</i>=.009), and avoidant personality problems (<i>P</i>=.003) than those in the control group. Results of mediation analyses showed a mediation role played by depressive symptoms (<i>B</i>=0.99; 95% CI 0.22 to 1.97) and avoidant personality problems (<i>B</i>=1.09; 95% CI 0.32 to 2.05) of young adults on the relationship between the FAD, AR, and IA. Finally, this relationship was moderated by the genotype of the 5-HTTLPR (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), DAT1 (<i>P</i>&lt;.001), and MAO-A (<i>P</i>&lt;.001) genes in young adults. CONCLUSIONS This exploratory study supports the recent evidence on the mutual relationship among biological, individual, and social risk factors associated with IA in young adulthood. Our findings may have important clinical implications for the development of prevention and treatment programs.


Author(s):  
Dan Florin Stănescu ◽  
◽  
Marius Constantin Romașcanu

"Despite their diverse origins, the personalities composing this Dark Triad share several features. To varying degrees, all three entail a socially malevolent character with behavior tendencies toward self-promotion, emotional coldness, duplicity, and aggressiveness (Paulhus & Williams, 2002). Subclinical narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy are referred to as the Dark Triad due to their socially undesirable nature, similar phenotypical behaviors (e.g., manipulation), positive intercorrelations of their scales, and conceptual similarities (e.g., ego-centricity) (Rauthmann, 2012). A narcissistic person is described in terms of a high vanity, constantly seeking attention and admiration, with a sense of superiority or authority. Most often he or she manifests manipulative and exhibitionist behaviors. Machiavellianism is a tendency to be cynical, pragmatic, emotionally detached in interpersonal relations but, at the same time a good organizer and having long-term strategically thinking. Psychopathy presents as cardinal features: impulsiveness, emotional detachment, manipulative antisocial behavior. In the current study 126 participants (24 males and 102 females), ages ranged between 18 and 26 years old (M=19.30, SD=1.11), were invited to fill in the following measures: MACH IV (Christie & Geis, 1970), Narcissistic Personality Inventory NPI-16 (Ames, Rose & Anderson, 2006), Self-Report Psychopathy scale – version III (Paulhus, Neumann, & Hare, 2009) and HEXACO-PI-R (Lee & Ashton, 2018). Results showed significant negative correlations between psychoticism and four of the six HEXACO factors, namely Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Similarly, narcissism is negatively related to Honesty-Humility and Agreeableness, and positively with Extraversion. Machiavellianism showed a positive correlation with Honesty-Humility, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness. Findings of the current study should be extended in more diverse samples (e.g., better female-male ratio) and also including measures for the Light Triad of personality, thus providing new insights into the positive, growth-oriented personality traits."


2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-307
Author(s):  
Nevin SAGSOZ ◽  
Omer OGUZTURK ◽  
Fatma AKTULUM

The aim of this study is to evaluate attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adult primary dysmenorrhea patients. 62 primary dysmenorrhea patients and 52 control group members are included in the study. Demographic characteristics such as education level and age were noted. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms were identified by the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale, Short Form-36 and also Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were conducted. According to the Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale scores primary dysmenorrhea patients had a significantly higher rate compared to the control group. In bivariate analysis, Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Self-Report Scale scores were found to have an association with Short Form-36 physical and mental component scores, anxiety and depression scores. Symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder may be confronted in primary dysmenorrhea patients.


2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 684-695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn C. Sorenson ◽  
Russell Romano ◽  
Robin M. Scholefield ◽  
Brandon E. Martin ◽  
James E. Gordon ◽  
...  

Context: Competitive sports are recognized as having unique health benefits and risks, and the effect of sports on life-span health among elite athletes has received increasing attention. However, supporting scientific data are sparse and do not represent modern athletes. Objective: To assess holistic life-span health and health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) among current and former National Collegiate Athletic Association student–athletes (SAs). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: A large Division I university. Patients or Other Participants: Population-based sample of 496 university students and alumni (age 17–84 years), including SAs and an age-matched and sex-matched nonathlete (NA) control group. Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed anonymous, self-report questionnaires. We measured the Short-Form 12 (SF-12) physical and mental component HRQL scores and cumulative lifetime experience and relative risk of treatment for joint, cardiopulmonary, and psychosocial health concerns. Results: Older alumni (age 43+ years) SAs reported greater joint health concerns than NAs (larger joint summary scores; P = .04; Cohen d = 0.69; probability of clinically important difference [pCID] = 77%; treatment odds ratio [OR] = 14.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6, 126). Joint health for current and younger alumni SAs was similar to that for NAs. Older alumni reported greater cardiopulmonary health concerns than younger alumni (summary score P &lt; .001; d = 1.05; pCID = 85%; OR = 5.8, 95% CI = 2.0, 16) and current students (P &lt; .001; d = 2.25; pCID &gt;99.5%; OR = 7.1, 95% CI = 3.3, 15), but the risk was similar for SAs and NAs. Current SAs demonstrated evidence of better psychosocial health (summary score P = .006; d = −0.52; pCID = 40%) and mental component HRQL (P = .008; d = 0.50; pCID = 48%) versus NAs but similar psychosocial treatment odds (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.39, 1.9). Psychosocial health and mental component HRQL were similar between alumni SAs and NAs. No differences were observed between SAs and NAs in physical component HRQL. Conclusions: The SAs demonstrated significant, clinically meaningful evidence of greater joint health concerns later in life, comparable cardiopulmonary health, and differences in life-span psychosocial health and HRQL profiles compared with NAs. These data provide timely evidence regarding a compelling public issue and highlight the need for further study of life-span health among modern athletes.


2018 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin S. Rosenberg ◽  
Andrea M. Letamendi

In an exploratory study that surveyed 929 demographically diverse self-identified adult cosplayers about extraversion and behavioral and social aspects of cosplay, respondents completed a thirty-four-item self-report questionnaire regarding demographic information, cosplay behavior, and the ten extraversion items from the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Form (EPQR-S). Cosplayers are within a normative range of extraversion; respondents who are relatively more introverted differ in some of their cosplay behaviors and experiences from those who are more extraverted.


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