scholarly journals Abandoned Land Classification Using Classical Theory Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 60-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jūrate Sužiedelyte Visockiene ◽  
Egle Tumeliene
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Region Growing ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Land Classification ◽  
Information Portal ◽  
Abandoned Land ◽  
Rgb Images

According to the official statistics the areas of abandoned agricultural land in Lithuania are gradually decreasing, but very slightly. The aim of this study is to research spatial determination and abandoned land classification in the territory of Vilnius District Municipality. Vilnius District Municipality was chosen for the research because it, although located near the capital of the country and has a high population density, it is still the district having the largest percent of abandoned land plots. A fast, cost-effective and sufficiently accurate method for determination of abandoned land plots would allow to constantly monitor, to fix changes and foresee the abandoned land plots reduction possibilities. In the study there was used the multispectral RGB and NIR color Sentinel-2 satellite images, the layer of the administrative boundary of Vilnius County and layer of abandoned agriculture land, which is available in Lithuanian Spatial Information Portal (www.geoportal.lt). The data was processed by Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques using classical classification Region Growing Algorithm. The research shows that NIR image classification result is more reliable than the result from RGB images.

scholarly journals UV SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF RUPATADINE FUMARATE IN BULK AND TABLET DOSAGE FORM BY USING SINGLE POINT STANDARDIZATION METHOD

2019 ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
S. SHAKIR BASHA ◽  
S. MANIKANTA ◽  
T. JAHNAVI
Keyword(s):  
Dosage Form ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Standardization Method ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Standard Solution ◽  
Tablet Dosage

Objective: To develop and validate a simple, selective, precise and accurate method for the estimation of rupatadine fumarate in bulk and tablet dosage form by using the single point standardization method as per international conference on harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Methods: In this proposed method, the absorbance of a standard solution of known concentration and a sample solution was measured. From this, the concentration of the unknown can be calculated. Results: Rupatadine fumarate showed maximum absorbance at 246 nm with methanol. Linearity was checked in different concentrations. The calibration curve was obtained in the range of 2-10 µg/ml. The slope, intercept and correlation coefficient (R2) values of Rupatadine fumarate were found to be 0.047, 0.0034 and 0.9995 respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precision studies were carried out and there % RSD values were found within limits i.e. less than 2%. The recovery studies were carried out by adding a known amount of standard drug to preanalysed formulation and % Recovery was found to be within 99.7-101.6%. LOD and LOQ of Rupatadine fumarate were found to be 0.1 µg/ml and 0.3 µg/ml respectively. Robustness studies were performed at different wavelengths and the % RSD was found within the limits i.e. less than 2 %. Conclusion: The developed single point standardization method for the estimation of Rupatadine fumarate was found to be simple, precise, accurate, reproducible and cost-effective. Statistical analysis of the developed method confirms that the proposed method is an appropriate and it can be useful for the routine analysis. The proposed method gives the basic idea to the researcher who is working in the area like product development.

scholarly journals VERIFICATION OF LAND MOISTURE ESTIMATION MODEL BASED ON MODIS REFLECTANCES IN AGRICULTURAL LAND

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dede Dirgahayu ◽  
Parwati Sofan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Moisture Index ◽  
Moisture Condition ◽  
Soil Moisture Condition ◽  
Modis Data ◽  
Moisture Estimation

From this research, it is found that reflectances in the first, second, and sixth channels (R1, R2, R6) of MODIS have high correlations with surface soil moisture (percent weight) at 0-20 cm depth. An index called Land Moisture INdex (LMI) was created from the linier combination of R1 (percent), R2(percent), and R6 (percent). The MODIS reflectances and field soil moisture in paddy field taken from the Central and East Java during Juli-September 2005 are applied into the previous model which have been generated from data during July-September 2004. The result showed that there was a high correlation between Land/Soil Moisture (SM) which was measured from field survey, and LMI which was generated from the MODIS refectances. The best model equation between SM and LMI is the power regression model, which has the coeficient of determination of 88 percent. It is implied that soil moisture condition can be obtained from the MODIS data using LAnd Moisture Index. Therefore, the spatial information of drouht condition analysed throught the soil moisture in the agricultural land can be provided from the MODIS data. Keywords: Land Moisture Index, Soil Moisture Estimation, Spatial information, drought.

Corncob Waste Based Adsorbent for Solid Phase Extraction of Tartrazine in Carbonated Drinks and Analytical Method using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 924-932
Author(s):  
Yasmeen Mutlaq Ghazi Al Shamari ◽  
Saikh Mohammad Wabaidur ◽  
Abdulrahman Abdullah Alwarthan ◽  
Moonis Ali Khan ◽  
Masoom Raza Siddiqui
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Solid Phase Extraction ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Phase Extraction ◽  
Food Dye ◽  
Hyphenated Technique

Background : A new method has been developed for the determination of food dye tartrazine in soft drinks. Tartrazine is determined by hyphenated technique Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Mass spectrometry. The solid-phase extraction was used for the extraction of tartrazine. Methods: For the LC-MS analysis of tartrazine acetonitrile, water (80:20) was used as a mobile phase whereas, the C-18 column was selected as the stationary phase. The chromatographic run was allowed for 1 min. The adsorbent of the solid-phase extraction was synthesized from the waste corn cob. Results: Method found to be linear in the range of 0.1 mg L-1 - 10 mg L-1, limits of detection and quantitation were found to be 0.0165 mgL-1 and 0.055 mgL-1, respectively. Tartrazine, in the real sample, was found to be 20.39 mgL-1 and 83.26 mgL-1. Conclusion: The developed UPLC-MS method is rapid, simple, precise and can be used for the quantitative analysis of tartrazine. The solid-phase extraction also involves a cost-effective procedure for extraction as it does not involve the commercial cartridge.

Development of an HPLC-UV Method for Quantification of Stattic

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 568-573
Author(s):  
Soheil Sedaghat ◽  
Ommoleila Molavi ◽  
Akram Faridi ◽  
Ali Shayanfar ◽  
Mohammad Reza Rashidi
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Dimerization Inhibitor ◽  
Oncogenic Protein ◽  
First Time ◽  
Transcription 3

Background: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), an oncogenic protein found constitutively active in many types of human malignancies, is considered to be a promising target for cancer therapy. Objective: In this study for the first time, a simple and accurate method has been developed for the determination of a STAT3 dimerization inhibitor called stattic in aqueous and plasma samples. Methods: A reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) composed of C18 column as stationary phase, and the mixture of acetonitrile (60%) and water (40%) as mobile phase with a UV detection at 215 nm were applied for quantification of stattic. The developed method was validated by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guideline. Results: The method provided a linear range between 1-40 and 2.5-40 µg mL-1 for aqueous and plasma samples, respectively, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The accuracy (as recovery) of the developed method was found to be between 95-105% for aqueous medium and 85-115% for plasma samples. The precision (as relative standard deviation) for aqueous and plasma samples was less than 6% and 15%, respectively. The sensitivity of the developed method based on FDA guideline was 1 µg mL-1 for aqueous and 2.5 µg mL-1 for plasma samples. Conclusion: These results show that the established method is a fast and accurate quantification for stattic in aqueous and plasma samples.

Is it necessary to calculate Young’s modulus in AFM nanoindentation experiments regarding biological samples?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.V. Kontomaris ◽  
A. Malamou ◽  
A. Stylianou
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Nonlinear Behavior ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Accurate Solution ◽  
Hertz Model ◽  
Work Done

Background: The determination of the mechanical properties of biological samples using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) at the nanoscale is usually performed using basic models arising from the contact mechanics theory. In particular, the Hertz model is the most frequently used theoretical tool for data processing. However, the Hertz model requires several assumptions such as homogeneous and isotropic samples and indenters with perfectly spherical or conical shapes. As it is widely known, none of these requirements are 100 % fulfilled for the case of indentation experiments at the nanoscale. As a result, significant errors arise in the Young’s modulus calculation. At the same time, an analytical model that could account complexities of soft biomaterials, such as nonlinear behavior, anisotropy, and heterogeneity, may be far-reaching. In addition, this hypothetical model would be ‘too difficult’ to be applied in real clinical activities since it would require very heavy workload and highly specialized personnel. Objective: In this paper a simple solution is provided to the aforementioned dead-end. A new approach is introduced in order to provide a simple and accurate method for the mechanical characterization at the nanoscale. Method: The ratio of the work done by the indenter on the sample of interest to the work done by the indenter on a reference sample is introduced as a new physical quantity that does not require homogeneous, isotropic samples or perfect indenters. Results: The proposed approach, not only provides an accurate solution from a physical perspective but also a simpler solution which does not require activities such as the determination of the cantilever’s spring constant and the dimensions of the AFM tip. Conclusion: The proposed, by this opinion paper, solution aims to provide a significant opportunity to overcome the existing limitations provided by Hertzian mechanics and apply AFM techniques in real clinical activities.

scholarly journals Semi-Automatic Fractional Snow Cover Monitoring from Near-Surface Remote Sensing in Grassland

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2045
Author(s):  
Anaí Caparó Bellido ◽  
Bradley C. Rundquist
Keyword(s):  
Snow Cover ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Fractional Snow Cover ◽  
Rgb Images ◽  
Phenological Metrics

Snow cover is an important variable in both climatological and hydrological studies because of its relationship to environmental energy and mass flux. However, variability in snow cover can confound satellite-based efforts to monitor vegetation phenology. This research explores the utility of the PhenoCam Network cameras to estimate Fractional Snow Cover (FSC) in grassland. The goal is to operationalize FSC estimates from PhenoCams to inform and improve the satellite-based determination of phenological metrics. The study site is the Oakville Prairie Biological Field Station, located near Grand Forks, North Dakota. We developed a semi-automated process to estimate FSC from PhenoCam images through Python coding. Compared with previous research employing RGB images only, our use of the monochrome RGB + NIR (near-infrared) reduced pixel misclassification and increased accuracy. The results had an average RMSE of less than 8% FSC compared to visual estimates. Our pixel-based accuracy assessment showed that the overall accuracy of the images selected for validation was 92%. This is a promising outcome, although not every PhenoCam Network system has NIR capability.

scholarly journals Pitfalls in the Immunochemical Determination of β‑Lactam Antibiotics in Water

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Alexander Ecke ◽  
Rudolf J. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Site Analysis ◽  
Antibody Recognition ◽  
Immunochemical Determination ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Lactam Ring

Contamination of waters with pharmaceuticals is an alarming problem as it may support the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, fast and cost-effective analytical methods for potential on-site analysis are desired in order to control the water quality and assure the safety of its use as a source of drinking water. Antibody-based methods, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), can be helpful in this regard but can also have certain pitfalls in store, depending on the analyte. As shown here for the class of β-lactam antibiotics, hydrolysis of the β‑lactam ring is a key factor in the immunochemical analysis as it influences antibody recognition. With the antibody used in this study, the limit of detection (LOD) in the immunoassay could be significantly reduced by hydrolysis for the five tested penicillins, with the lowest LOD for carbenicillin (0.2 nmol/L) and the greatest impact on penicillins G and V (reduction by 85%). In addition to enhanced quantification, our strategy also provides access to information about the degree of hydrolysis in water samples as shown for the most abundant penicillin amoxicillin.

scholarly journals Using UAV Imagery to Detect and Map Woody Species Encroachment in a Subalpine Grassland: Advantages and Limits

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1239
Author(s):  
Ludovica Oddi ◽  
Edoardo Cremonese ◽  
Lorenzo Ascari ◽  
Gianluca Filippa ◽  
Marta Galvagno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Data ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Italian Alps ◽  
Photo Interpretation ◽  
Tree Detection ◽  
Grassland Ecosystems ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Rgb Images

Woody species encroachment on grassland ecosystems is occurring worldwide with both negative and positive consequences for biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services. Remote sensing and image analysis represent useful tools for the monitoring of this process. In this paper, we aimed at evaluating quantitatively the potential of using high-resolution UAV imagery to monitor the encroachment process during its early development and at comparing the performance of manual and semi-automatic classification methods. The RGB images of an abandoned subalpine grassland on the Western Italian Alps were acquired by drone and then classified through manual photo-interpretation, with both pixel- and object-based semi-automatic models, using machine-learning algorithms. The classification techniques were applied at different resolution levels and tested for their accuracy against reference data including measurements of tree dimensions collected in the field. Results showed that the most accurate method was the photo-interpretation (≈99%), followed by the pixel-based approach (≈86%) that was faster than the manual technique and more accurate than the object-based one (≈78%). The dimensional threshold for juvenile tree detection was lower for the photo-interpretation but comparable to the pixel-based one. Therefore, for the encroachment mapping at its early stages, the pixel-based approach proved to be a promising and pragmatic choice.

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