scholarly journals Macroinvertebrate diversity in the karst Jadro River (Croatia)

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biljana Radja ◽  
Sanja Puljas
Keyword(s):  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Aquatic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Karst River ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Fauna

This paper presents the results of 10 years of investigation of the aquatic macroinvertebrate fauna along the karst Jadro River. The Jadro is a typical karst river. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected along the river at 15 sites by standard methods of sampling, in addition to which several physicochemical parameters were also determined. Based on qualitative and quantitative composition of the macroinvertebrate fauna, correspondence analysis divided the river course into three sections: upstream, midcourse, and downstream. Forty-three taxa were recorded. Results of saprobiological analysis based on macrozoobenthos indicate that water of the Jadro River belongs to quality classes I and II.

Macroinvertebrates along the Serbian section of the Danube River (stream km 1429–925)

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Momir Paunovic ◽  
Dunja Jakovcev-Todorovic ◽  
Vladica Simic ◽  
Bojana Stojanovic ◽  
Predrag Cakic
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Danube River ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Aquatic Macroinvertebrate ◽  
The Danube River ◽  
Iron Gate ◽  
Species Richness And Abundance ◽  
Macroinvertebrate Fauna

AbstractResults of the investigation of the aquatic macroinvertebrate fauna along a 504 km stretch of the Danube River in Serbia are presented. A total of 74 macroinvertebrate taxa were observed during a 2001 survey. Oligochaeta and Mollusca were the principal components of the community with regard to species richness and abundance. Based on data on the qualitative composition of the macroinvertebrate fauna, a correspondence analysis divided the investigated stretch in three sectors — upper (Pannonian), Iron Gate sector and entrance sector to the Iron Gate stretch. The distribution patterns of certain species supported the division of sectors defined by correspondence analysis.

scholarly journals Zoobenthos of the Lednické rybníky ponds

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Sukop
Keyword(s):  
Benthic Macroinvertebrates ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Density And Biomass

Qualitative and quantitative composition of macrozoobenthos was studied on the lednické rybníky ponds. Altogether 299 taxa of benthic macroinvertebrates were determined. The values of macrozoobenthos density and biomass ranged between 5–13 021 ind.m–2 and 0.02–79.6 g.m–2 respectively.

scholarly journals Anti-oxidative and antimicrobial activities of Hieracium pilosella L. extracts

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Stanojevic ◽  
Mihajlo Stankovic ◽  
Vesna Nikolic ◽  
Ljubisa Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Hieracium Pilosella ◽  
Radical Scavenging Effect

The anti-oxidative and antimicrobial activities of different extracts from Hieracium pilosella L. (Asteraceae) whole plant were investigated. The total dry extracts were determined for all the investigated solvents: methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane: methanol (9:1). It was found that the highest yield was obtained by extraction with methanol (12.9 g/100 g of dry plant material). Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed by the HPLC method, using external standards. Chlorogenic acid, apigenin-7-O-glucoside and umbelliferone were detected in the highest quantity in the extracts. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the extracts depends on the solvent used. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically. The highest radical scavenging effect was observed in the methanolic extract, both with and without incubation, EC50 = 0.012 and EC50 = 0.015 mg ml-1, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts towards the bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella enteritidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and the fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) were determined by the disc diffusion method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for all the investigated extracts against all the mentioned microorganisms.

scholarly journals Chemistry and Biology of Essential Oils of GenusBoswellia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Ahmed Al-Harrasi ◽  
Ahmed Al-Rawahi ◽  
Javid Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Explicit Consideration

The properties ofBoswelliaplants have been exploited for millennia in the traditional medicines of Africa, China, and especially in the Indian Ayurveda. In Western countries, the advent of synthetic drugs has obscured the pharmaceutical use ofBoswellia, until it was reported that an ethanolic extract exerts anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects. Frankincense was commonly used for medicinal purposes. This paper aims to provide an overview of current knowledge of the volatile constituents of frankincense, with explicit consideration concerning the diverseBoswelliaspecies. Altogether, more than 340 volatiles inBoswelliahave been reported in the literature. In particular, a broad diversity has been found in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatiles with respect to different varieties ofBoswellia. A detailed discussion of the various biological activities ofBoswelliafrankincense is also presented.

Technology of production and quality assessment of direct-squeezed juice and concentrated elderberry growing in the Republic of Belarus

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Леонид Чеславович Бурак ◽  
Андрей Петрович Завалей
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Juice Extraction ◽  
The Republic ◽  
First Time ◽  
Technology Of Production

Авторами статьи впервые разработана технология производства соков прямого отжима и высокой концентрации из плодов бузины садовой и дикорастущей, собранных на территории Беларуси. Сок прямого отжима получали при помощи ферментации с последующей фильтрацией. Концентрированный сок был получен из сока прямого отжима и экстрагирования выжимок. Для максимального извлечения сока после дробления при ферментативной обработке была использована температура 50 °С в течение 240 мин, количество ферментного препарата составляло 400 см/т. Были исследованы органолептические и физико-химические показатели сока прямого отжима и сока концентрированного: массовая доля сухих веществ, aктивная кислотность (рН), массовая доля пектиновых веществ, cодержание антоцианов, белка, массовая доля органических кислот. Исследованы показатели безопасности продукции, впервые определен состав аминокислот (качество и количество) в концентрированном соке бузины. Установлено, что совокупность физико-химических показателей позволяет отнести сок прямого отжима из бузины к профилактическим напиткам. В состав сока бузины высокой концентрации входят 18 аминокислот в количестве 4,84 г/100 мл. Незаменимых аминокислот выявлено 7 в количестве 1,51 г/100 мл. Также сок суммарно содержит фенолы в соотношении 42,95 мг-экв галловой кислоты/г сухого вещества и большое количество гидролизованных танинов. При этом большинство полифенольных соединений избежали разрушения в процессе концентрации. The authors of the article developed for the first time a technological process for the production of direct-squeezed juice and concentrated juice from the fruits of garden and wild elderberry growing in the Republic of Belarus. Direct-squeezed juice was obtained by fermentation followed by filtration. Concentrated juice was obtained by processing direct-squeezed juice and extracting the marc. For maximum juice extraction after crushing during enzymatic treatment, a temperature of 50 °C was used for 240 min, the dose of the enzyme preparation was 400 cm/t. Direct-squeezed juice and concentrated juice were studied by organoleptic and physicochemical parameters: mass fraction of solids, active acidity (pH), mass fraction of pectin substances, content of anthocyanins, protein, mass fraction of organic acids. The product safety indicators were studied, the qualitative and quantitative composition of amino acids in concentrated elderberry juice was first determined. It has been established that by the combination of physicochemical parameters, direct squeezed juice from elderberry can be considered a preventive drink. The composition of concentrated elderberry juice includes 18 amino acids, in the amount of 4.84 g/100 ml. 7 essential amino acids were detected in the amount of 1.51 g/100 ml. The concentrated juice contained phenols in the quantity of 42.95 mEq gallic acid / gram dry matter and a large number of hydrolyzed tannins. Most polyphenolic compounds were preserved after the juice concentration.

The control of the qualitative and quantitative composi-tion of vitamins and tocopherols of various types of vegetable oils

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Александр Николаевич Остриков ◽  
Наталья Леонидовна Клейменова ◽  
Инэсса Николаевна Болгова ◽  
Максим Васильевич Копылов ◽  
Екатерина Юрьевна Желтоухова
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cold Pressed ◽  
Vitamin Activity

Использование растительных масел в рационе человека необходимо для удовлетворения энергетической потребности организма и регулирования биологических процессов. В настоящей работе представлен качественный и количественный состав витаминов и токоферолов различных видов растительных масел, полученных холодным отжимом из выращенных в нашей стране расторопши, горчицы, подсолнечника, рыжика, рапса. Проведен сравнительный анализ литературных источников о наличии витаминов и токоферолов в различных растительных маслах. Количественный и качественный витаминный состав для одного и того же вида масла, по данным разных авторов, варьируется в достаточно широком диапазоне. В ходе исследования изучен витаминный состав пяти растительных масел. Результаты свидетельствуют, что наибольшей витаминной активностью обладают масла рыжиковое, расторопши и горчичное. Установлено наличие витамина А в маслах: рыжиковом (27,15±0,002 мкг%), расторопши (19,07±0,02 мкг%), горчичном (24,77±0,02 мкг%). Витамины В и В присутствуют в маслах горчичном, рыжиковом и расторопши; витамин В определен в горчичном и рыжиковом, В - в рыжиковом и расторопши. В маслах горчичном и расторопши присутствует витамин В. Наиболее богаты витамином Е масла рыжиковое (52,8±0,02 мг%), подсолнечное (48,3±0,02 мг%), расторопши (47,12±0,02 мг%). Витамин К и токоферолы определены во всех растительных маслах. Присутствие b-каротина обнаружено в рыжиковом (1,237±0,004 мг%), расторопши (0,812±0,002 мг%), подсолнечном (0,22±0,02 мг%) и горчичном (0,148±0,002 мг%) маслах. Анализируемые масла холодного отжима можно рассматривать как ценный источник при проектировании новых многоцелевых продуктов или побочных продуктов для промышленного, косметического и фармацевтического использования. The use of vegetable oils in the human diet is necessary to meet the energy needs of the body and regulate biological processes. This work presents the qualitative and quantitative composition of vitamins and tocopherols of various types of vegetable oils obtained by cold pressing from silybum marianum, mustard, sunflower, camelina, rapeseed grown in our country. A comparative analysis of the literature on the presence of vitamins and tocopherols in various vegetable oils has been carried out. The quantitative and qualitative vitamin composition for the same type of oil, according to different authors, varies in a wide range. During the study, the vitamin composition of five vegetable oils was studied. The results indicate that the following oils have the highest vitamin activity: camelina, silybum marianum and mustard. The presence of vitamin A was found in oils: camelina (27.15±0.002 μg%), silybum marianum (19.07±0.02 μg%), mustard (24.77±0.02 μg%). Vitamins B and B are present in mustard, camelina and silybum marianum oils; vitamin B is found in mustard and camelina; B in camelina and silybum marianum. Mustard and silybum marianum oils contain vitamin B. The richest in vitamin E are camelina (52.8±0.02 mg%), sunflower (48.3±0.02 mg%), silybum marianum (47.12±0.02 mg%). Vitamin K and tocopherols are found in all vegetable oils. The presence of b-carotene was found in camelina (1.237±0.004 mg%), silybum marianum (0.812±0.002 mg%), sunflower (0.22±0.02 mg%) and mustard (0.148±0.002 mg%) oils. The analyzed cold-pressed oils can be considered as a valuable resource when designing new multipurpose products or by-products for industrial, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals FLAVONOIDS OF IRIS SIBIRICA L. GROWN IN VITRO CULTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Olesya Nikolayevna Mazko ◽  
Lyudmila Ivanovna Tikhomirova ◽  
Lyudmila Vladimirovna Shcherbakova ◽  
Natal'ya Grigor'yevna Bazarnova ◽  
Dmitriy Alekseyevich Karpitsky
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Qualitative Composition ◽  
Nutrient Media ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Clonal Micropropagation ◽  
Intact Plants

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) separately and in interaction with auxins on the change in the qualitative and quantitative composition of flavonoids in the raw materials of regenerating plants Iris sibirica L. Cambridge grade in comparison with aeroponic and intact raw materials using the method of high-performance liquid chromatography. Raw materials of I. sibirica Cambridge variety obtained in vitro culture had a richer qualitative composition of flavonoids than intact plants. The dependence of the accumulation of flavonoids on the concentration of 6-benzylaminopurine in nutrient media was noted. The presence of 13 compounds was observed in extracts of 70% ethyl alcohol from regenerating plants grown at the lowest concentration of BAP (1.0 µM) within the experiment. In quantitative terms, the flavonoid apigenin was maximally determined on a medium with BAP 1 µM, and kaempferol - on media with BAP 5.0 µM, supplemented with auxins. For a medium with 7.5 µM BAP, the lowest variety of compounds was observed (9) and the lowest kaempferol content. Auxins influenced the synthesis of flavonoids. The amount of flavonoids in all variants of the experiment increased by an average of 13% in the presence of auxins. The stages of the technological process of obtaining raw materials I. sibirica Cambridge variety on the basis of clonal micropropagation and cultivation in aeroponics conditions allowed to obtain raw materials that do not contain heavy and toxic metals, are not infected with pathogens and pests. With 1 m2 of useful area of aeroponics for 1 year, it is possible to collect 5 times more raw materials than with field cultivation. According to the qualitative composition of phenolic compounds, aeroponic raw materials are identical to intact plants.

scholarly journals Macrozoobenthos of the Moravice river and Bělokamenný potok brook

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Sukop
Keyword(s):  
Small Town ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Saprobic Index ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Density And Biomass

Qualitative and quantitative composition of macrozoobenthos was studied on the Moravice river (six sites) and Bělokamenný potok brook (one site). Altogether, 64 and 29 taxa of water macroinvertebrates were determined in the Moravice river and Bělokamenný potok brook respectively. Saprobic index on the majority of monitored localities corresponded to oligosaprobity. On the sites 2 and 3 (downstream of the small town of Břidličná), the saprobic index showed β-mesosaprobity. The values of macrozoobenthos density and biomass ranged between 317–605 ind.m–2 and 4.1–6.5 g.m–2 respectively.

scholarly journals Influence of pressure and time on extraction process using supercritical CO2

2008 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Micic ◽  
Z. Lepojevic ◽  
B. Mandic ◽  
M. Jotanovic ◽  
G. Tadic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Co2 ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

The supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) by carbon dioxide (CO2) of Salvia officinalis L. was investigated. SFE by CO2 was performed at different pressure (80, 100, 150, 200 and 300 bar) and constant temperature of 40?C (all other extraction conditions, such are flow rate, particle diameter of Salvia officinalis, extraction time were kept constant. The GC-MS method was used for determination of qualitative and quantitative composition of obtained extracts and essential oils.

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