scholarly journals Comparative studies of annual legumes

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-320
Author(s):  
Tatyana Bozhanska ◽  
Tsvetoslav Mihovski ◽  
Galina Naydenova ◽  
Daniela Knotová ◽  
Jan Pelikán

The aim of present study was to get comparative data on forage productivity and quality of forage of Checz cultivars of legumes in the conditions of Northern Bulgaria and respectively to select species and genotypes with the potential for successful introduction in the structure of forage production in Bulgaria. Five species of forage crops were observed and the respective cultivars: Egyptian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), cv. Faraon; crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), cv. Kardinal; annual bird's-foot-trefoil (Lotus ornithopoides L.) cv. Junak; black medick (Medicago lupulina L.) cv. Ekola and white melilot (Melilotus albus L.), cv. Adela. The studied legumes differed significantly in their fodder productivity. They are ranked in the following order of DM yield: white melilot - black medick - annual bird's-foot-trefoil - Egyptian clover - crimson clover. The productivity and participation of Egyptian clover and crimson clover in grasslands varied significantly in years. The biomass of crimson clover had the highest content of crude protein (15.24%) and the lowest of crude fiber (21.69%) and no digestible components. According to the comprehensive evaluation of data on productivity and forage quality of studied annual legumes, black medick could be defined as the species with the highest potential for cultivation in the conditions of the Central Northern Bulgaria. It is characterised by high productivity of green mass and dry matter, it has regrowing ability, it is distinguished by a high content of crude protein (14.92%) and crude fat (4.66%), optimal content of neutral and acid detergent fibers (34.67 and 24.99%) and with high levels of hemicellulose content (9.68%). Energy value of forage of that species, assessed by means of feed unit of milk (FUM) and growth (FUG) was assessed as very high (FUM - 0.69/kg DM and FUG - 0.63/kg DM).

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
E. S. Pestereva ◽  
S. A. Pavlova ◽  
N. N. Zhirkova

Relevance and methods. The article presents the results of studies conducted at the Yakutsk Research Institute of Agriculture. Scientific research on the study of promising new forage crops was carried out on site 30 "A" (on the basis of the forage production laboratory of the YANIISKh) on the second floodplain terrace of the river. Lena in 2016–2018. The effect of three sowing dates on the yield of promising annual fodder crops is studied.Results. The results of studies on the growth, development, productivity, nutritional value of promising annual crops are presented. Productivity in three sowing periods during the harvesting period of sunflower reached feed units 1.2– 2.7 t/ha, crude protein — 2.5–5.1 t/ha, corn — feed units 0.7–2.2 t/ha, crude protein — 2.8–6.9 t /ha, oilseed radish feed units 1.1–1.3 t/ha, crude protein 3.3–5.0 t/ha. The optimal sowing and harvesting dates of promising annual fodder crops for the production of high-quality succulent and voluminous feeds are established — 1 term (sowing — I decade of June, harvesting — II decade of August); 2 term (sowing — the 2nd decade of June, harvesting — the 3rd decade of August) in the phase of mass flowering and discarding panicles of the tested feed crops.


2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (24) ◽  
pp. 13621
Author(s):  
Walid Soufan ◽  
Nasser A. Al-Suhaibani

The changing climate, water scarcity, reduction in the land area under forage crops, expanding ruminant population, burgeoning demands for milk and meat production and food security concerns all insist on a necessary increase in forage production and quality. Cereal–legume mixed intercropping offers a biologically superior option to boost herbage yield and quality of preserved fodder (hay and silage), provided that rationalization of the component crop’s proportional ratio is performed. Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine the forage yield and quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and pea (Pisum sativum L.) mixtures at the ratios 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. The experiment was laid out in the regular arrangement of a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results exhibited that forage quality was significantly affected by the mixture ratio. There was a significant improvement in protein, fiber rate and digestibility from the mixture. The ratios of barley and pea with 50:50 and 25:75 produced the maximum productivity and the best quality of forage. Regarding forage preservation, silage recorded higher contents of crude protein, ash and lower fiber contents than hay. Among seed mixtures, 0:100 ratio of barley–pea yielded the highest quality of silage with the maximum crude protein, ash and digestibility with lowest fiber contents.


2021 ◽  
pp. 1923-1940
Author(s):  
Nariane Coelho de Oliveira ◽  
◽  
Kátia Aparecida de Pinho Costa ◽  
Laíne Gonçalves Rodrigues ◽  
Ana Carolina Gomes Silva ◽  
...  

Ensiling sorghum with tropical forages has been shown to be a promising alternative for ruminant feed production, as this approach improves the quality of the sorghum silage. In this context, the goal of this study was to evaluate the fermentation characteristics and nutritive value of sweet sorghum silage made with different levels of Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized 2 x 6 factorial design with four replications. Two forages (Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass) were added to sorghum at six levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%), for a total of 48 experimental silos. After 50 days of fermentation, the silos were opened, and the fermentation profile and chemical composition of the silage were analysed. The results showed that the addition of Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass to the sorghum silage increased the pH, buffering capacity and NH3-NT of the silage and reduced its dry matter content but did not affect its fermentation characteristics, which remained within an appropriate range. The addition of increasing levels of Paiaguas palisadegrass and Ipypora grass to the sorghum silage increased the crude protein and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of the silage and decreased the fibre fraction (neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and lignin) and ether extract contents. Adding tropical forages to sorghum silage material at levels above 40% is recommended. Among forage crops, addition of Paiaguas palisadegrass to sorghum silage resulted in higher content of crude protein and IVDMD. Mixed silages can be an effective alternative to improve the quality of forage sorghum silage.


10.12737/1384 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 144-147
Author(s):  
Пинчук ◽  
Viktor Pinchuk ◽  
Рябичева ◽  
Angelina Ryabicheva ◽  
Стрельцов ◽  
...  

In the world more than 100 types of crops are cultivated on the fodder purposes, including perennial grasses, corn, fodder and forage crops account, which provides about 70% of the livestock’s necessity. Among the perennial grasses, the leading position, both in areas under crops and the yield, is alfalfa crop, which is grown in 165 countries around the world according to the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, especially in the countries of Americas (20-25 million hectares). Furthermore, the palatability ratio of green and dry alfalfa is significantly higher, compared to other legumes perennial grasses. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of alfalfa forage production in the modern forage production. This paper presents the current issues of growing alfalfa on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition. In our country its acreage needs to be expanded to 350 hectares (40% of the acreage of perennial grasses), because the farming biologization without the inclusion this crop in the field, forage and farms crop rotation is theoretically impossible and not feasible. In order to obtain the high biomass of at least 23 tons per hectare and agriculture biologization on gray forest soils of the Republic of Tatarstan we recommend to cultivate alfalfa mixed with awnless rump and meadow fescue in the ratio of 0,70:0,15:0,15. In households with high use of chemicals so that to obtain for more than 36 tons per hectare of green herbage mass in polyspecific grasses, it should prevail crop components (awnless rump and meadow fescue), which are in a leading position, according to the impact on the agro biological properties of the soil of Kama zone of the Republic of Tatarstan.


2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éderson Luis Henz ◽  
Paulo Sergio Gois de Almeida ◽  
João Pedro Velho ◽  
José Laerte Nörnberg ◽  
Leandro Das Dores Ferreira da Silva ◽  
...  

Currently, the practice of Crop-Livestock Integration is stimulated as a way of increasing the generation of foreign exchange for Brazil. Integrated systems improve land use efficiency as well as preserve, recover and increment or soil fertility. The aim of this research was to evaluate how different doses of nitrogen fertilization can affect production and quality of dual purpose wheat submitted to grazing. The experimental designed was randomized block with five treatments (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 Kg N ha-1, like ammonium nitrate) and four repetitions. The forage yield, the percentage crude protein (P=.0001) and acid detergent insoluble protein (P=.0054) had a linear increased because of the nitrogen addition doses. The crude protein percentage changed the estimate of all soluble carbohydrates (P=.0001) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (P=.0186), but did not influence the, nitrogen detergent fiber corrected with ash and proteins percentage contributing for content cell. The crops production (P=.0001) and the number of kernels per ear (P=.0001) showed significantly difference because of the nitrogen additions dose, increasing the number of fertile flowers. The nitrogen topdressing alters forage production, the chemical composition and the production of dual purpose wheat grains subjected to grazing.


2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-113
Author(s):  
Владимир Клименко ◽  
Vladimir Klimenko

At present we obtain the stable increasing of livestock milk productivity in Russia, but in the same time there is reduction of cows number and deficit of milk production that resolved only by import for 15–25%. The main factor, limited the gain of milk production volumes, is low quality of bulky feeds, the base of livestock rations, the portion of which is compound more than 50% on nutritiousness. Moreover, bulky feeds determine the type of feeding, quantity and quality of including mixed concentrate fodders, bio-additives and feed additives in diets. Experience of advanced specialized farms shows, that Holstein cows able to give 10–12 thousand kg of milk during lactation, whereas Ayrshire cattle — 7.5–8 thousand kg of milk if silage and haylage in diet conforms to requirements of 1 category and contains not less 10 MJ of metabolized energy (9 MJ for hay) and more than 14% of crude protein. Low quality of balky feeds is compensated by exceeding of concentrates in diets, that due negative influence on animal health and decrease the terms of their productive use to 2–2.5 lactations. The enhancing of bulky feeds quality is possible at state supporting of milk branch and realization the complex measures in farms, directed on application the advanced technologies of forage crops cultivation and harvesting, effective approaches of its processing and preservation.


2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivonete Alves Bakke ◽  
Olaf Andreas Bakke ◽  
Alberício Pereira Andrade ◽  
Ignacio Hernan Salcedo

The objective of this work was to compare forage production and quality of thorny and thornless "jurema-preta" (Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret) in a dense planted stand, subjected to annual pruning of fine branches, in Patos, PB, Brazil. The experiment consisted of two treatments (thornless and thorny "jurema-preta") in a complete randomized block design, with ten replicates of two linear plots subdivided in time. Forage mass and chemical composition of fine branches and the basal diameter of plants were measured during five years. Pruning decreased (p<0.05) increments in basal diameter and forage production. Annual dry matter yields reached 4,108 and 5,833 kg ha-1, respectively, for thornless and thorny plants, and forage quality was similar (p>0.05) for both genotypes. This roughage fodder (minimum NDF and ADF averages were 56±1.1% and 43±1.0%, respectively) had low P and K concentrations. Its average crude protein content was greater than 9.9±0.5%, which exceeds the minimum necessary for animal maintenance. Both "jurema-preta" genotypes tolerated pruning of fine branches and contributed with a significant amount of roughage fodder for animal maintenance in the dry season.


Author(s):  
B.М. Косолапов ◽  
C.В. Пилипко

Современная концепция устойчивого развития сельского хозяйства, особенно важнейших его отраслей, растениеводства и кормопроизводства, предполагает широкое использование интенсивных сортов нового поколения. В связи с этим во ВНИИ кормов им. В. Р. Вильямса проводятся научные исследования по созданию климатически и экологически дифференцированных сортов кормовых культур с использованием современных методов селекции. В результате этой работы выведены 150 новых сортов клевера, люцерны, однолетних и многолетних бобовых и злаковых трав, аридных культур. Площадь семенных посевов в настоящее время составляет 2,1 млн га. Для перспективных сортов кормовых культур характерны такие хозяйственно ценные признаки, как высокая семенная и кормовая продуктивность, более раннее созревание, устойчивость к повышенной кислотности почвы, соле- и засухоустойчивость. Созданные сорта клевера лугового формируют в различных экологических условиях 8‒13 т/га сухого вещества, обеспечивают сбор 2,0‒2,5 т/га протеина, накапливают в почве 120‒150 кг биологического азота, характеризуются разными сроками созревания, высокой продуктивностью и азотфиксирующей способностью. Ультрараннеспелый сорт клевера лугового Ранний 2, созданный методом химического мутагенеза, формирует в течение 70 дней 10‒11 т/га сухой кормовой массы. Сорт клевера лугового Марс разработан специально для кислых почв методом экспериментальной полиплоидии. Инновационные сорта люцерны Вега 87, Селена, Соната, Луговская 67, Пастбищная 88 имеют различные эдафические, фитоценотические, симбиотические характеристики и обладают высокой конкурентной способностью и устойчивостью (4‒5 лет пользования); урожайность сухого вещества составляет 11,5‒13,0 т/га. Перспективные сорта многолетних злаковых трав являются важнейшими компонентами сенокосных и пастбищных экосистем, имеют ландшафтное значение и обеспечивают урожайность сухого вещества 11,0‒12,0 т/га и выше при содержании сырого протеина 12‒15 % и переваримости сухого вещества 65‒70 %. Новый сорт полевицы гигантской Альба создан методом оценки сортообразцов и отбора их по глубине залегания корневищ. В результате исследований селекционерами ВНИИ кормов создана система инновационных сортов однолетних и многолетних бобовых и злаковых трав, климатически и экологически дифференцированных, высокопродуктивных, устойчивых к основным болезням и стрессам, обладающих повышенной симбиотической активностью. Внедрение и эффективное использование этих сортов в хозяйствах различных регионов страны обеспечит увеличение производства кормов и создание надёжной кормовой базы для животноводства. Stable agriculture development requires cultivation of novel intensive varieties. Williams Fodder Research Institute conducts breeding of various fodder varieties by modern selection. It obtained 150 varieties of clover, alfalfa, annual and perennial legumes and gramineous, arid crops. Sowing area amounts to 2.1 million ha. Promising varieties have high seed and fodder productivity, early ripening, resistance to soil acidity, salt and drought. Clover varieties form 8‒13 t dry matter ha-1, 2.0‒2.5 t protein ha-1, accumulate 120‒150 kg nitrogen in soil, have various times of maturation, high productivity and nitrogen fixing ability. Ultrashort-season red clover “Ranniy-2”, bred via chemical mutagenesis, produces 10‒11 t DM ha-1 within 70 days. Clover “Mars” was obtained through polyploidy for acid soils. Alfalfa “Vega-87”, “Selena”, “Sonata”, “Lugovskaya-67”, “Pastbishchnaya-88” show different edaphic, phytocoenotic and symbiotic characteristics, high competitiveness and resistance (4‒5 years of cultivation). DM yield is 11.5‒13.0 t ha-1. Promising varieties of perennial legume grasses give DM yield over 11.0‒12.0 t ha-1, under crude protein content of 12‒15 % and DM digestibility of 65‒70 %. Giant bentgrass “Alba” was bred through mass selection on the base of rhizome depth. Cultivating these varieties in different regions can improve forage production and create effective forage resources for Animal Husbandry.


Author(s):  
Т.В. Шайкова ◽  
В.С. Баева ◽  
Т.Е. Кузьмина

Биоклиматический потенциал Псковской области позволяет ежегодно получать качественные семена практически всех видов многолетних злаковых и некоторых видов бобовых трав. Первостепенная роль в производстве кормов принадлежит сеянным травам как в полевом (площадь земель составляет 182,8 тыс. га), так и луговом кормопроизводстве (естественные сенокосы (230 тыс. га) и пастбищам (244 тыс. га). Основными направлениями в повышении продуктивности и улучшении качества кормовой базы, на наш взгляд, должны стать новые сорта многолетних трав, возделывание которых ведется с использованием современных агротехнологий. Селекционная работа по выведению новых сортов козлятника восточного ведется в 7 питомниках на полях ФГБНУ ФНЦ ЛК Обособленного подразделения г. Пскова. На каждом этапе селекционного процесса, в каждом питомнике выделены лучшие образцы по ряду хозяйственно ценных и морфологических признаков. На заключительной многолетней стадии, в питомнике конкурсного испытания высеяны сортообразцы, которые выделены из различных питомников с сохранением отличительных признаков, морфологических или хозяйственно-ценных. Селекционерами института создан новый сорт козлятника восточного Талисман (сортообразец №24), превышающий по продуктивности и качеству сорт-стандарт Кривич на 7-10%, в среднем за годы испытаний (5 лет) урожайность зеленой массы составила 38,1 т/га, сухой массы – 9,7 т/га, что выше стандарта на 11%. Семенная продуктивность в среднем за 5 лет была на уровне 4,5 ц/га. Содержание сырого протеина в сухом веществе данного сорта было на уровне от 20 до 22,0%. Выход сырого протеина с урожаем составил 1,9 т/га. The bioclimatic potential of the Pskov region makes it possible to annually obtain high-quality seeds of almost all types of perennial grasses and some types of legumes. The main role in feed production belongs to sown grasses both in the field (the land area is 182.8 thousand hectares) and in meadow forage production (natural hayfields (230 thousand hectares) and pastures (244 thousand hectares). In our opinion, the main directions for increasing productivity and improving the quality of the feed base should be new varieties of perennial grasses that are cultivated using modern agricultural technologies. Breeding work on breeding new varieties of Eastern goat is carried out in 7 nurseries in the fields of the Federal state budgetary scientific center of the LPR, a separate division, Pskov. At each stage of the breeding process, each nursery selects the best samples for a number of economically valuable and morphological characteristics. At the final multiyear stage, in the nursery of competitive tests, varietal samples were sown, which were isolated from various nurseries with the preservation of distinctive features, morphological or economically valuable. Breeders of the Institute have created a new variety of Eastern talisman goat (variety type No. 24), which exceeds the productivity and quality of the standard Krivich by 7-10% on average, over the years of testing (5 years), the yield of green mass was 38.1 t/ha, dry mass – 9.7 t/ha, which is 11% higher than the standard. Seed productivity on average for 5 years was at the level of 4.5 c/ha. The content of crude protein in the dry matter of this class was at the level of 20 to 22.0%. The yield of crude protein from this crop was 1.9 t/ha.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Hopkins ◽  
Maree Bowen ◽  
Rob Dixon ◽  
David Reid

Keynote paper presented at the International Leucaena Conference, 1‒3 November 2018, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.In Australia’s central and southern Queensland regions, Leucaena leucocephala-grass pastures produce substantially more beef and higher profits than grass-only pastures and annual forage crops. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) provides a rapid and cost-effective approach to assessing quality of available forage as well as the quality of the diet selected by cattle, but existing calibrations have not been comprehensively validated for leucaena-grass pastures. This study examined the reliability of existing northern Australian calibrations for NIRS to predict the crude protein (CP) concentration of the edible fraction of the leucaena plant, and the proportion of leucaena in the diet of grazing cattle. Samples of edible leucaena and cattle faeces were analyzed by NIRS and the predictions plotted in a linear regression and fitted to a 1:1 line with Dumas analysis of CP for leucaena forage, and mass spectrometry of δ13C for cattle faeces. Results demonstrated that prediction of the CP concentration of leucaena forage and the proportion of leucaena in the diet of grazing cattle using current broad northern Australian NIRS forage calibrations were associated with substantial error. However, it is likely that these errors can be reduced with the inclusion in the calibration data set of more samples representing leucaena forage and faeces of cattle grazing leucaena from varying locations, seasonal conditions and management strategies.


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