scholarly journals Detection of enrofloxacine residues by microbiological screening method

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Jelena Petrovic ◽  
Brankica Kartalovic ◽  
Radomir Ratajac ◽  
Jasna Prodanov-Radulovic ◽  
Igor Stojanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Test ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Detection Limits ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antimicrobial Drug ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Chicken Tissue

The usage of microbiological screening tests is widespread in control of presence of antimicrobial drug residues in meat samples. Screening tests must be capable to detect antimicrobial drug residue of interest and detection limits must comply with MRL (Maximum Residue Limit). The aim of this study was to examine the performance of a microbiological screening test with E. coli as test microorganism: capability of detecting enrofloxacina and it?s main metabolite ciprofloxacine at MRL levels in both fortified and incurred chicken tissue samples. Detection limits of microbiological screening test with E. coli was 50 ng/g for enrofloxacin and 25 ng/g for ciprofloxacin. Screening test had positive results in all samples of fortified and incurred meat with residue concentrations above MRL level. The results of this examinations shows that microbiological screening test with E. coli, as simple and cost effective test, is capable to detect enrofloxacine and it?s metabolite ciprofloxacine in treated poultry at MRL level ie test is capable to detect unsafe poultry meat.

scholarly journals Sensitive Detection of Heregulin-α from Biological Samples Using a Disposable Stochastic Sensor Based on Plasma Deposition of GNPs–AgPs’ Nanofilms on Silk

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 894
Author(s):  
Sorin Sebastian Gheorghe ◽  
Catalina Cioates Negut ◽  
Marius Badulescu ◽  
Raluca Ioana Stefan-van Staden
Keyword(s):  
Cold Plasma ◽  
Plasma Deposition ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Active Surface ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Silver Particles ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Disposable Sensor ◽  
Limit Of Determination

A composite material comprised of graphene nanoplatelet and silver particles (GNPs–AgPs) was used for the deposition of GNPs–AgPs’ nanofilms with cold plasma on silk. α-Cyclodextrin was used as a modifier of the active surface of the disposable sensor. The disposable stochastic sensor was used in screening tests for the assay of heregulin-α in whole blood and tissue samples. The disposable stochastic sensor showed a low limit of determination (4.10 fg mL−1) and can be used with high sensitivity on a wide concentration range (4.10 fg mL−1–0.04 µg mL−1). The screening method was validated against ELISA when good correlations (confirmed also by the t-test) were obtained.

scholarly journals A review of vision screening methods for children

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid T. Metsing ◽  
Wanda Jacobs ◽  
Rekha Hansraj
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Vision Screening ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
Screening Protocol ◽  
Software Programs

Background: What constitutes an appropriate vision screening protocol is controversial, because the tests or methods are expected to be cost-effective, expedient and easy but efficient in detecting visual anomalies among children.Aim: This review intends to compare the different vision screening tests for children and methods in the interest of identifying the most effective screening method from the standpoint of validity, public acceptance, expediency and cost.Method: The literature search was performed for this review using the Medline, Science Direct and EBSCOhost databases. The search terms used were vision screening methods or tests, children’s vision screenings, computer software programs and vision screening instruments. The inclusion criteria for the articles reviewed were all types of articles related to vision screening methods. The exclusion criteria were all articles for which full text was not available and those not available in English. Eighty articles were analysed, of which 33 were found to have complied with the inclusion criteria and were selected. From the first round of articles retrieved, additional references were identified by a manual search among the cited references.Results: Evidence from the literature reviewed demonstrated that the conventional vision screening method (isolated and combination tests) is the method commonly used to detect a range of relevant visual anomalies among the schoolgoing age group (≥ 6 years) and drew attention to the need for training of vision screening personnel. However, in addition to the conventional method, other vision screening methods include instruments as an adjunct for screening preschoolers and those difficult to screen (≤ 6 years).Conclusion: Inconsistencies in what constitutes an appropriate vision screening method still exist, especially with the booming market of using computer software programs, which still needs to be validated.

scholarly journals Optimizing a Screening Protocol for Potential Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Escherichia coli on MacConkey Agar for Use in a Global Surveillance Program

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan E. Jacob ◽  
Shivaramu Keelara ◽  
Awa Aidara-Kane ◽  
Jorge R. Matheu Alvarez ◽  
Paula J. Fedorka-Cray
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Screening Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Macconkey Agar ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum

ABSTRACT The increasing prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is worrisome. Coordinated efforts to better understand global prevalence and risk factors are needed. Developing lower- and middle-income countries need reliable, readily available, and cost-effective solutions for detecting ESBL E. coli to contribute to global surveillance. We evaluated MacConkey agar supplemented with ceftriaxone or cefotaxime as a screening method for accurately detecting and quantifying potential ESBL E. coli. MacConkey agar from eight manufacturers, representing seven countries, was prepared with 2 or 4 μg/ml ceftriaxone or cefotaxime. Four E. coli strains (NC11, ATCC 25922, CM-13457, and CM-10455) and one Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (CM-11073) were grown overnight, serially diluted, and plated in triplicate for enumeration on all medium combinations. After recovery was assessed, US-1 MacConkey agar with cefotaxime was used to further evaluate the reproducibility and detection of potential ESBL E. coli from poultry cecal (n = 30) and water (n = 30) samples. Results indicated the recovery of E. coli 13457 from four MacConkey agar manufacturers was reduced by up to 4 log CFU/ml, and phenotypic differences in colony size and color were apparent for each manufacturer for control E. coli strains. A true ESBL, NC11, was not reduced with 4 μg/ml cefotaxime. From ceca and water, potential ESBL E. coli isolates were only confirmed from MacConkey agar with 4 μg/ml cefotaxime, where 45% and 16.6% of E. coli isolates phenotypically expressed ESBL production. The quality and reproducibility of MacConkey agar varied by manufacturer, which suggests that a single manufacturer and medium type should be selected for global monitoring efforts so that training and interpretation can be standardized.

scholarly journals Fast Screening of Whole Blood and Tumor Tissue for Bladder Cancer Biomarkers Using Stochastic Needle Sensors

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2420
Author(s):  
Raluca-Ioana Stefan-van Staden ◽  
Damaris-Cristina Gheorghe ◽  
Viorel Jinga ◽  
Cristian Sorin Sima ◽  
Marius Geanta
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Fast Screening ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
E Cadherin

Bladder cancer is one of the most common urologic malignancies, which is more frequent in men than in women. The early diagnosis for this type of cancer still remains a challenge, therefore, the development of a fast screening test for whole blood and tumor tissue samples may save lives. Four biomarkers, p53, E-cadherin, bladder tumor antigen (BTA), and hyaluronic acid were considered for the screening tests using stochastic needle sensors. Three stochastic needle sensors, based on graphite powder and modified with three types of chitosan, were designed and characterized for the screening test. The proposed sensors showed low limits of quantification, and high sensitivity and selectivity levels. The recoveries of p53, E-cadherin, BTA, and hyaluronic acid in whole blood samples and tissue samples were higher than 95.00% with a relative standard deviation lower than 1.00%.

Testing Cervicography and Cervicoscopy as Screening Tests for Cervical Cancer

1993 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Cecchini ◽  
Rita Bonardi ◽  
Antonia Mazzotta ◽  
Grazia Grazzini ◽  
Anna Iossa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Abnormal Cytology

Aims and Background Suboptimal sensitivity is currently reported for Pap test in screening for cervical cancer. Colposcopy is known to be more sensitive than cytology but its use as a screening test is not possible due to costs and complexity. Screening by cervicography has been suggested as a compromise being less costly and feasible. The present study evaluates the feasibility of screening by cervicography and cervicoscopy (naked eye examination of the cervix after acetic acid lavage) on a consecutive screening series. Methods Cervicography and cervicoscopy were performed by the smear taker in subjects consecutively attending a screening clinic. Women with abnormal cytology (atypia or more severe lesion) and/or abnormal cervicography or cervicoscopy (acetowhite lesion) underwent colposcopic assessment. The three screening methods were compared according to positivity rate, CIN 2-3 detection rate and positive predictive value. Results 2105 consecutive subjects were screened. Positivity rate was 3.8 %, 15.3 % or 25.4 % for cytology, cervicography or cervicoscopy, respectively, 486 of 555 women attended the assessment phase, 281 directed biopsies were performed and 8 CIN 2-3 lesions were detected. Cytology, cervicography and cervicoscopy, detected 5.5, or 7 of 8 CIN 2-3 lesions, respectively. The positive predictive value was 0% for cytologic atypia, 25 % for cytologic SIL, 1.75 % for cervicography and 2.05% for cervicoscopy. Detecting one CIN 2-3 lesion at cytology cost $ 5,543. The cost per each additional cytologically negative CIN 2-3 lesion detected at cervicography or cervicoscopy was $ 12,947 or $ 3,916, respectively. Conclusions The study confirms the limited sensitivity of cytology for CIN 2-3. The association of cervicography was not cost effective. Cervicoscopy was poorly specific but increased the detection rate of CIN 2-3 at relatively low costs. Cervicoscopy is worth further evaluation as a screening test.

ASSESSMENT OF THE PLATELET COUNT IN THE PREGNANT WOMEN IN IGIMS, PATNA, BIHAR

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanwi Singh ◽  
Anshuman Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Platelet Indices ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

The major risk associated with low platelet count in pregnancy is the increased risk of bleeding during the childbirth or post that. There is an increased blood supply to the uterus during pregnancy and the surgical procedure requires cutting of major blood vessels. Women with thrombocytopenia are at increased risk of losing excessive blood. The risk is more in case of caesarean delivery as compared to vaginal delivery. Hence based on above findings the present study was planned for Assessment of the Platelet Count in the Pregnant Women in IGIMS, Patna, Bihar. The present study was planned in Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Science, Patna, Bihar, India. The present study was planned from duration of January 2019 to June 2019. In the present study 200 pregnant females samples received for the platelet estimation were enrolled in the present study. Clinically platelet indices can be a useful screening test for early identification of preeclampsia and eclampsia. Also platelet indices can assess the prognosis of this disease in pregnant women and can be used as an effective prognostic marker because it correlates with severity of the disease. Platelet count is a simple, low cost, and rapid routine screening test. Hence the data generated from the present study concludes that platelet count can be used as a simple and cost effective tool to monitor the progression of preeclampsia, thereby preventing complications to develop during the gestational period. Keywords: Platelet Count, Pregnant Women, IGIMS, Patna, Bihar, etc.

Pollution, Toxicity and Carcinogenicity of Organic Dyes and their Catalytic Bio-Remediation

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (34) ◽  
pp. 3645-3663 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ismail ◽  
Kalsoom Akhtar ◽  
M.I. Khan ◽  
Tahseen Kamal ◽  
Murad A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Organic Dyes ◽  
Chemical Reduction ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sanitation Services

: Water pollution due to waste effluents of the textile industry is seriously causing various health problems in humans. Water pollution with pathogenic bacteria, especially Escherichia coli (E. coli) and other microbes is due to the mixing of fecal material with drinking water, industrial and domestic sewage, pasture and agricultural runoff. Among the chemical pollutants, organic dyes due to toxic nature, are one of the major contaminants of industrial wastewater. Adequate sanitation services and drinking quality water would eliminate 200 million cases of diarrhea, which results in 2.1 million less deaths caused by diarrheal disease due to E. coli each year. Nanotechnology is an excellent platform as compared to conventional treatment methods of water treatment and remediation from microorganisms and organic dyes. In the current study, toxicity and carcinogenicity of the organic dyes have been studied as well as the remediation/inactivation of dyes and microorganism has been discussed. Remediation by biological, physical and chemical methods has been reviewed critically. A physical process like adsorption is cost-effective, but can’t degrade dyes. Biological methods were considered to be ecofriendly and cost-effective. Microbiological degradation of dyes is cost-effective, eco-friendly and alternative to the chemical reduction. Besides, certain enzymes especially horseradish peroxidase are used as versatile catalysts in a number of industrial processes. Moreover, this document has been prepared by gathering recent research works related to the dyes and microbial pollution elimination from water sources by using heterogeneous photocatalysts, metal nanoparticles catalysts, metal oxides and enzymes.

Quality Improvement of the DNA extracted by boiling method in Gram negative bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (04) ◽  
pp. 5347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar B. Ahmed* ◽  
Anas S. Dablool
Keyword(s):  
Dna Extraction ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Dna ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli

Several methods of Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) extraction have been applied to extract bacterial DNA. The amount and the quality of the DNA obtained for each one of those methods are variable. The study aimed to evaluate bacterial DNA extraction using conventional boiling method followed by alcohol precipitation. DNA extraction from Gram negative bacilli was extracted and precipitated using boiling method with further precipitation by ethanol. The extraction procedure performed using the boiling method resulted in high DNA yields for both E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteria in (199.7 and 285.7μg/ml, respectively) which was close to control method (229.3 and 440.3μg/ml). It was concluded that after alcohol precipitation boiling procedure was easy, cost-effective, and applicable for high-yield quality of DNA in Gram-negative bacteria.

scholarly journals Screening for Melanoma by Primary Health Care Physicians: A Cost—Effectiveness Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afaf Girgis ◽  
Philip Clarke ◽  
Robert C Burton ◽  
Rob W Sanson—Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Family Practitioners ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Primary Health Care Physicians ◽  
Melanoma Screening

Background and design— Australia has the highest rates of skin cancer in the world, and the incidence is estimated to be doubling every 10 years. Despite advances in the early detection and treatment of melanoma about 800 people still die nationally of the disease each year. A possible strategy for further reducing the mortality from melanoma is an organised programme of population screening for unsuspected lesions in asymptomatic people. Arguments against introducing melanoma screening have been based on cost and the lack of reliable data on the efficacy of any screening tests. To date, however, there has been no systematic economic assessment of the cost effectiveness of melanoma screening. The purpose of this research was to determine whether screening may be potentially cost effective and, therefore, warrants further investigation. A computer was used to simulate the effects of a hypothetical melanoma screening programme that was in operation for 20 years, using cohorts of Australians aged 50 at the start of the programme. Based on this simulation, cost—effectiveness estimates of melanoma screening were calculated. Results— Under the standard assumptions used in the model, and setting the sensitivity of the screening test (visual inspection of the skin) at 60%, cost effectiveness ranged from Aust$6853 per life year saved for men if screening was undertaken five yearly to $12137 if screening was two yearly. For women, it ranged from $11 102 for five yearly screening to $20 877 for two yearly screening. Conclusion— The analysis suggests that a melanoma screening programme could be cost effective, particularly if five yearly screening is implemented by family practitioners for men over the age of 50.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of a Cohort of 275 Patients with Hyper-IgE Syndromes and/or Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Frede ◽  
Jessica Rojas-Restrepo ◽  
Andrés Caballero Garcia de Oteyza ◽  
Mary Buchta ◽  
Katrin Hübscher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Chronic Mucocutaneous Candidiasis ◽  
Mucocutaneous Candidiasis ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Panel Sequencing

AbstractHyper-IgE syndromes and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis constitute rare primary immunodeficiency syndromes with an overlapping clinical phenotype. In recent years, a growing number of underlying genetic defects have been identified. To characterize the underlying genetic defects in a large international cohort of 275 patients, of whom 211 had been clinically diagnosed with hyper-IgE syndrome and 64 with chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, targeted panel sequencing was performed, relying on Agilent HaloPlex and Illumina MiSeq technologies. The targeted panel sequencing approach allowed us to identify 87 (32 novel and 55 previously described) mutations in 78 patients, which generated a diagnostic success rate of 28.4%. Specifically, mutations in DOCK8 (26 patients), STAT3 (21), STAT1 (15), CARD9 (6), AIRE (3), IL17RA (2), SPINK5 (3), ZNF341 (2), CARMIL2/RLTPR (1), IL12RB1 (1), and WAS (1) have been detected. The most common clinical findings in this cohort were elevated IgE (81.5%), eczema (71.7%), and eosinophilia (62.9%). Regarding infections, 54.7% of patients had a history of radiologically proven pneumonia, and 28.3% have had other serious infections. History of fungal infection was noted in 53% of cases and skin abscesses in 52.9%. Skeletal or dental abnormalities were observed in 46.2% of patients with a characteristic face being the most commonly reported feature (23.1%), followed by retained primary teeth in 18.9% of patients. Targeted panel sequencing provides a cost-effective first-line genetic screening method which allows for the identification of mutations also in patients with atypical clinical presentations and should be routinely implemented in referral centers.

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