scholarly journals Optimization of megakaryocyte trapping for platelet formation in microchannels

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-12
Author(s):  
Atak Baydar ◽  
Mert Insel ◽  
Muhammed Oruc ◽  
Hasan Sadikoglu
Keyword(s):  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
Relative Deviation ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Low Platelet Count ◽  
Pressure Flows ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Significant Health ◽  
Platelet Formation

Platelets (PLTs) are responsible for stopping the bleeding. They are small cell fragments produced from megakaryocytes (MKs) in the bone marrow. Low platelet count is a significant health problem for a patient. PLTs can usually be stored for up to 5 days prior to transfusion. Instantaneous production of PLTs from isolated and stored MKs is crucial for the patient?s health. Thanks to microfluidic platforms, PLTs can be produced instantaneously from MKs. Herein, we have computationally studied fluid dynamics in the microchannels with slit structures and different inlet geometries. Analysis of the flow dynamics was performed by the commercial analysis software. The effects of flow rates and the angle between the inlet channels on the MKs trapping were investigated. The optimization of the angle between inlet channels and flow rates of main and pressure flows was done with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by counting the trapped MKs. The optimum conditions lead to the percentage of trapped MKs were 100 with a relative deviation of <1%. We also concluded that flow rates to trapping a higher amount of MKs are as important as the angle between the inlet channels.

A Study of Optimum Conditions for Electrospinning Cellulose Acetate Nanofibers in Trifluoroacetic Acid Solvent

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 323-327
Author(s):  
Edison Omollo ◽  
Chu Yang Zhang ◽  
Wan Jun Liu ◽  
Ncube Sizo
Keyword(s):  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Trifluoroacetic Acid ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Viscous Solution

Cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibers were electrospun in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) under various conditions of concentration, voltage and dope flow rate while tip to collector distance (TCD) kept constant. Results showed that concentrations lower than 8 wt. % could only be electrospun at low flow rates. Bead free fibers were easily electrospun from higher CA concentrations 13 wt. % to 15 wt. %. Concentrations greater than 15 wt. % formed a viscous solution that could not be uniformly dispersed, thus impeding electrospinning. Medium voltage 20KV was found to produce good fibers while flow rates of 0.5ml/h and above, produced non-uniform fibers with a wide range. Average fiber diameters of 104nm and 129nm were formed at 13 wt. % and 15 wt. % (0.4ml/h, 20KV) respectively.

scholarly journals Microfluidic Platforms to Unravel Mysteries of Alzheimer’s Disease: How Far Have We Come?

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1022
Author(s):  
Pragya Prasanna ◽  
Shweta Rathee ◽  
Vedanabhatla Rahul ◽  
Debabrata Mandal ◽  
Macherla Sharath Chandra Goud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
Significant Health

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a significant health concern with enormous social and economic impact globally. The gradual deterioration of cognitive functions and irreversible neuronal losses are primary features of the disease. Even after decades of research, most therapeutic options are merely symptomatic, and drugs in clinical practice present numerous side effects. Lack of effective diagnostic techniques prevents the early prognosis of disease, resulting in a gradual deterioration in the quality of life. Furthermore, the mechanism of cognitive impairment and AD pathophysiology is poorly understood. Microfluidics exploits different microscale properties of fluids to mimic environments on microfluidic chip-like devices. These miniature multichambered devices can be used to grow cells and 3D tissues in vitro, analyze cell-to-cell communication, decipher the roles of neural cells such as microglia, and gain insights into AD pathophysiology. This review focuses on the applications and impact of microfluidics on AD research. We discuss the technical challenges and possible solutions provided by this new cutting-edge technique to understand disease-associated pathways and mechanisms.

Kinetics of ion flotation of Co(II)–EDTA complexes from aqueous solutions

2015 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Soliman ◽  
Ghada M. Rashad ◽  
Mamdoh R. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Flotation Kinetics ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Flotation Rate ◽  
Ion Flotation ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Edta Complexes ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractThe flotation kinetics of Co(II)-EDTA complexes from aqueous solutions using cetylpyridinium chloride (CPyCl) is studied and discussed in the present work. The effects of many variables on the ultimate recovery and the flotation rate are investigated. The data obtained from solutions of different pH values showed that Co(II)-EDTA complexes are successfully floated at pH 7.8. While at pH 3.4 and 11.2, both the ultimate recovery and the flotation rate are dependent on the concentration of CPyCl. Flotation of Co(II)-EDTA at different air flow rates, CPyCl concentrations and ionic strength showed that the ultimate recovery and the flotation rate are markedly affected. The other parameters (cobalt, EDTA and ethanol concentrations) had no effect on the ultimate recovery, while significantly affected the flotation rate. At the optimum conditions (Co(II) : EDTA = 1:1; CPyCl : Co(II) = 4:1; pH7.8;

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of design parameters for laboratory scale Pelton wheel turbine using RSM

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 07019
Author(s):  
Avita Ayu Permanasari ◽  
Fajri Faizal Ainul Yaqin ◽  
Retno Wulandari ◽  
Sukarni ◽  
Poppy Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Optimum Number ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Turbine Efficiency ◽  
Turbine Performance ◽  
Mathematical Equations

Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is used in this study as an experimental design to obtain optimum conditions for each parameter. This study uses pelton turbines on a laboratory scale. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimum number of buckets and flow rates against turbine performance. The performance measured in this study is turbine efficiency. RSM is used to obtain mathematical equations from the performance of the turbine at optimum conditions. The optimum results obtained from RSM is to improve the performance of Pelton turbines that are 15,7714 (16 pieces) and flow rate of 0.1583 ℓ / s (0.16 ℓ / s) resulting in turbine efficiency of 29.16%.

scholarly journals MODELING THE OPERATION OF SEPARATION CHAMBERS

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-21
Author(s):  
A. M. Telyatnikova ◽  
◽  
S. V. Fedorov ◽  
A. V. Kudryavtsev ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Coefficient ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Heavy Rain ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Storage Tanks ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Ansys Cfx

Introduction. Separation chambers are designed and built for separate and partially separate sewerage systems. Their main function is to separate the flow of relatively clean water during heavy rain. This allows the discharge of such water without treatment into water bodies or storage tanks. The approach reduces the load of wastewater treatment plants. To design separation chambers, we need to understand how their design features affect the process of flow separation. It is possible to study the hydraulic characteristics of separation chambers of any design with the help of computer simulation. Two designs of separation chambers were investigated: a circular spillway with a full-scale prototype and a spiral spillway proposed by the authors. Methods. The research was based on simulation in the ANSYS CFX finite element analysis software. For each design, a series of five experiments with different incoming flow rates was performed. Results. Models of two types of separation chambers were developed and qualitatively evaluated. The hydraulic characteristics were established and quantified: the uniformity of the flow discharged for treatment and the spillway discharge coefficient. Conclusion. As a result, a principled approach was formed and tested. Using this approach, it is possible to study the hydraulic characteristics of separation chambers of various designs for their further use in the sewerage system.

scholarly journals Microfluidic Platforms to Unravel Mysteries of Alzheimer’s Disease: How Far have We Come?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya Prasanna ◽  
Shweta Rathee ◽  
V. Rahul ◽  
M.S. Chandra ◽  
Niraj Kumar Jha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
Significant Health

Alzheimer&rsquo;s Disease (AD) is a significant health concern worldwide with enormous social and economic impact globally. The gradual deterioration of cognitive functions and irreversible neuronal losses are primary etiological features of the disease. Even after decades of research, most therapeutic options are merely symptomatic, and drugs in clinical practice present numerous side effects. Lack of effective diagnostic techniques prevents the early prognosis of disease, resulting in a gradual deterioration in the quality of life. Furthermore, the mechanism of cognitive impairment and AD pathophysiology is poorly understood. Microfluidics exploits different microscale properties of fluids to mimic environments on microfluidic chip-like devices. These miniature multichambered devices can be used to grow cells and 3D tissues in vitro, analyze cell-to-cell communication, decipher the roles of neural cells like microglia, and gain insights into AD pathophysiology. This review focuses on the applications and impact of microfluidics on AD research. We discuss the technical challenges and possible solutions provided by this new cutting-edge technique to understand disease-associated pathways and mechanisms.

scholarly journals Microfluidic Platforms to Unravel Mysteries of Alzheimer’s Disease: How Far Have We Come?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pragya Prasanna ◽  
Shweta Rathee ◽  
V Rahul ◽  
Debabrata Mandal ◽  
M.S. Chandra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Neural Cells ◽  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
Significant Health

Alzheimer&rsquo;s disease (AD) is a significant health concern worldwide with enormous social and economic impact globally. The gradual deterioration of cognitive functions and irreversible neuronal losses are primary features of the disease. Even after decades of research, most therapeutic options are merely symptomatic, and drugs in clinical practice present numerous side effects. Lack of effective diagnostic techniques prevents the early prognosis of disease, resulting in a gradual deterioration in the quality of life. Furthermore, the mechanism of cognitive impairment and AD pathophysiology is poorly understood. Microfluidics exploits different microscale properties of fluids to mimic environments on microfluidic chip-like devices. These miniature multichambered devices can be used to grow cells and 3D tissues in vitro, analyze cell-to-cell communication, decipher the roles of neural cells like microglia, and gain insights into AD pathophysiology. This review focuses on the applications and impact of microfluidics on AD research. We discuss the technical challenges and possible solutions provided by this new cutting-edge technique to understand disease-associated pathways and mechanisms.

Erythrophagocytosis in the Liver in Hemolytic Anemias

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 184-185
Author(s):  
O. T. Minick ◽  
E. Orfei ◽  
F. Volini ◽  
G. Kent
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Kupffer Cells ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Reticulo Endothelial System ◽  
Important Site

Hemolytic anemias were produced in rats by administering phenylhydrazine or anti-erythrocytic (rooster) serum, the latter having agglutinin and hemolysin titers exceeding 1:1000.Following administration of phenylhydrazine, the erythrocytes undergo oxidative damage and are removed from the circulation by the cells of the reticulo-endothelial system, predominantly by the spleen. With increasing dosage or if animals are splenectomized, the Kupffer cells become an important site of sequestration and are greatly hypertrophied. Whole red cells are the most common type engulfed; they are broken down in digestive vacuoles, as shown by the presence of acid phosphatase activity (Fig. 1). Heinz body material and membranes persist longer than native hemoglobin. With larger doses of phenylhydrazine, erythrocytes undergo intravascular fragmentation, and the particles phagocytized are now mainly red cell fragments of varying sizes (Fig. 2).

Caspases and apoptosis

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy S Salvesen
Keyword(s):  
Cysteine Proteases ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Intracellular Signalling Pathways ◽  
Adult Cell ◽  
Caspase Family ◽  
Cell Fragments ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

The ability of metazoan cells to undergo programmed cell death is vital to both the precise development and long-term survival of the mature adult. Cell deaths that result from engagement of this programme end in apoptosis, the ordered dismantling of the cell that results in its 'silent' demise, in which packaged cell fragments are removed by phagocytosis. This co-ordinated demise is mediated by members of a family of cysteine proteases known as caspases, whose activation follows characteristic apoptotic stimuli, and whose substrates include many proteins, the limited cleavage of which causes the characteristic morphology of apoptosis. In vertebrates, a subset of caspases has evolved to participate in the activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and thus members of the caspase family participate in one of two very distinct intracellular signalling pathways.

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