scholarly journals Market reforms and 'Economic miracle' in Kazakhstan

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (182) ◽  
pp. 67-92
Author(s):  
György Simon
Keyword(s):  
Trade Liberalization ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Structural Reforms ◽  
Market Institutions ◽  
Financial Independence ◽  
Continuous Growth ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
World Energy

Kazakhstan's postcommunist transition is characterized by gradual changes under the conditions of a limited democracy. These changes have embraced extensive price and trade liberalization, and resolutely promoted privatization and the building of market institutions, although structural reforms and the struggle against corruption have made little progress. The country's financial independence was established with the introduction of the tenge in 1993. Transformational recession reached its maximum in 1995, since when only the 1998 Asian and Russian crises have interrupted continuous growth. However, the Kazakh economy is very sensitive to fluctuations in world energy and mineral prices, as the extractive industries, primarily oil and gas, have a crucial role in its development.

Dependence on Extractive Industries in Lower-income Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Roe ◽  
Samantha Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Commodity Price ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Current Dependence ◽  
Lower Income Countries ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
Low And Middle Income

This chapter synthesizes statistical information evidencing the proposition that extractive industries are of great significance in many low- and middle-income developing economies, and so to their development prospects. It examines the scale of the current dependence of low- and middle-income economies on both types of extractive resources: metals, and oil and gas. The chapter also assesses how country levels of dependence have changed in the past twenty years, showing that there has been a clear upward trend based on exports. The chapter outlines how the upward trend has continued in many countries despite the recent commodity price collapse, and assesses some of the consequences of that collapse.

World energy transition: trends and risks

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
State University ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Energy Complex ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Complex Development

The compendium of works presented at the international conference of young scholars, organized by the Center of Energy Studies, IMEMO RAS and Faculty of International Energy Business of Gubkin Russian State University (NRU) of Oil and Gas, covers various trends of world energy complex development in the context of energy transition. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the situation in the energy sector of Vietnam, China, India, Iran and Uzbekistan as well as to prospects of hydrogen and LNG transport development.

Part II Predominant Security Challenges and International Law, Economic and Resource Security, Ch.25 Energy Security in International Law

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgandi Tibisay ◽  
Viñuales Jorge E
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
World Energy ◽  
Security Challenges ◽  
Legal Frameworks

This chapter investigates the concept of ‘energy security’, understood as the ‘uninterrupted availability of energy resources at an affordable price’. Importantly, according to this definition, the ‘availability’ of energy resources is measured against existing energy demand, and threats to energy security are therefore threats to the supply of enough energy to meet existing energy demand. Energy supply depends upon both domestic and international factors which are so interconnected that it is difficult to distinguish where one starts and the other ends. What is clear, however, is that international law plays a fundamental role in addressing many threats to energy security. The chapter looks at existing threats to energy security and the international legal frameworks that have been established in response. The challenges to energy security include an exponential increase in world energy demand, shortages of national oil and gas deposits, the need to reduce dependence on fossil fuel production in order to counteract climate change, as well as risks of geopolitical instability. The chapter then focuses on the mechanisms aimed to ensure that the flow of energy remains uninterrupted and at an affordable price, as well as on those mechanisms aimed at increasing access to energy resources.

scholarly journals Aspects of sustainable development of industry in Kazakhstan

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 04043
Author(s):  
Svetlana Faizullina ◽  
Ainur Isaeva ◽  
Lailya Matkarimova ◽  
Aigul Zhuzbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Global Energy ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World

This article discusses the economic benefits of uranium mining, as well as its environmental and health impacts. Sustainable development includes several aspects: energy, water, the environment, food and the economy, and ensuring each of these aspects is a serious problem. Energy is at the center of other aspects of sustainability, as it has a direct relationship with water, food, and the environment. Uranium is Kazakhstan’s top priority in the global energy market. In the world, there are different opinions on the development of uranium production, increasing the value of atomic energy. Apparently, this should be preceded by a crisis in the field of oil and gas production in recent years, in connection with which the world energy market should have a diversified course depending on various energy sources. Kazakhstan is a country rich in uranium. In addition, over the years of independence, we have increased production almost four times and maintain leadership in the world. Therefore, uranium production is the most important advantage of our global energy space today.

Spatial Organization of Economic Development of Energy Resources in the Arctic Region of the Russian Federation

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Anatolievich AGARKOV ◽  
Sergey Yurievich KOZMENKO ◽  
Anton Nikolaevich SAVELIEV ◽  
Mikhail Vasilyevich ULCHENKO ◽  
Asya Aleksandrovna SHCHEGOLKOVA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
D Model ◽  
Gas Bearing ◽  
The Arctic Region

In the conditions of price reduction in the world energy market, the issue of determining the priorities of the economic development of hydrocarbons in the Arctic Region of the Russian Federation (RF) becomes highly relevant. The article is aimed at developing an optimal model for the spatial organization of energy resources in the Arctic Region. The expert elicitation procedure was used to determine the efficiency indicators for the economic development of the oil-and-gas-bearing areas in the Arctic Region and clusterization of these areas was carried out in terms of economic efficiency. Based on the factor analysis, the degree of influence of efficiency indicators on the economic development of the oil and gas bearing areas of the region was determined and, an integrated performance indicator of economic development for oil-and-gas-bearing areas for each cluster was calculated with regard to the factor loadings. A 3-D model was developed for the organization of economic development of oil and gas in the Arctic Region. The 3-D model became the basis for determining the priorities for territorial exploration, development and production of hydrocarbons in terms of their economic efficiency, taking into account the trends in the development of the world energy market and break-even fields. A set of recommendations was developed to improve the efficiency of the spatial organization of economic development of oil and gas in the Arctic Region. The implementation of the proposed measures can contribute to the development of the oil and gas industry in the region, its socio-economic development and the long-term sustainability of Russia's energy security.

A club theory approach to voluntary social programs: Multinational companies and the extractive industries transparency initiative

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas A. Schuler
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Social Program ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Top Managers ◽  
Club Theory ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
Disclosure Laws ◽  
Multi Stakeholder ◽  
High Level

This study uses club theory to describe the incentives of extractive industry MNCs to support the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI), a multi-stakeholder promoted voluntary social program (VSP) aimed at creating national legislation to make the royalty payments received by governments from mining and oil and gas companies more transparent to the public. We characterize the EITI as a VSP that lacks stringent standards and that has a moderate to high level of enforcement through the national governments that have adopted its principles. According to club theory, VSPs with these characteristics produce only a low to medium level of club benefits, in this case “social branding,” for member firms. Noting that over 60 MNCs have signed on to the EITI as of April 2012, we argue that VSPs offering low to medium club benefits should be most attractive to MNCs from countries with long arm disclosure laws, to MNCs lacking relationships with NGOs seeking inexpensive CSR, to MNCs relying upon financing from institutional and social investors, to MNCs attempting to differentiate themselves from competitors on social criteria, and to MNCs with broad stakeholder-focused top managers. We also describe the implications for MNCs if the EITI were to include a more stringent set of social requirements.

scholarly journals Achieving Local Content in Extractive Industries of African Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Richard A Owusu ◽  
Terje I Vaaland
Keyword(s):  
International Development ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Foreign Direct Investments ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Local Content ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Research And Policy

Local content defines the extent of participation of local industry in extractive industries like mining, oil and gas. These industries are major destinations of foreign direct investments. They are very important revenue streams for governments of developing and emerging economies. In many countries, however, local industry is not participating enough. Recently researchers are bringing new perspectives into research and policy on the subject. We discuss the issue based on a review of relevant literature including a study in Nigeria in the wake of the passage of the new local content laws. Our study finds that the achievement of local content depends on the collaboration of a range of actors. Local political and legal institutions, local businesses, MNCs, universities and research organizations, international development partners and donors have to contribute their political and economic resources to achieve local content.

Peru raps Pluspetrol following environmental protests

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Extractive Industries ◽  
Andean Region ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Popular Pressure ◽  
The Government

Significance The government has ordered Pluspetrol, which owns and operates key oil and gas concessions, to abandon its exploratory activities in the central jungle region, following protests during which one student was killed and at least 32 people injured. The conflict typifies growing organised resistance throughout the Andean region by indigenous and other groups to the presence of extractive industries. Impacts Pluspetrol may lodge a complaint against Peru for breach of contract. Other communities may take this as their cue to lodge protests against extractive industries. The government will be criticised by the business community for having apparently succumbed to popular pressure.

scholarly journals Energy and Climate Policy—An Evaluation of Global Climate Change Expenditure 2011–2018

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Coilín ÓhAiseadha ◽  
Gerré Quinn ◽  
Ronan Connolly ◽  
Michael Connolly ◽  
Willie Soon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
World Energy

Concern for climate change is one of the drivers of new, transitional energy policies oriented towards economic growth and energy security, along with reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and preservation of biodiversity. Since 2010, the Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) has been publishing annual Global Landscape of Climate Finance reports. According to these reports, US$3660 billion has been spent on global climate change projects over the period 2011–2018. Fifty-five percent of this expenditure has gone to wind and solar energy. According to world energy reports, the contribution of wind and solar to world energy consumption has increased from 0.5% to 3% over this period. Meanwhile, coal, oil, and gas continue to supply 85% of the world’s energy consumption, with hydroelectricity and nuclear providing most of the remainder. With this in mind, we consider the potential engineering challenges and environmental and socioeconomic impacts of the main energy sources (old and new). We find that the literature raises many concerns about the engineering feasibility as well as environmental impacts of wind and solar. However, none of the current or proposed energy sources is a “panacea”. Rather, each technology has pros and cons, and policy-makers should be aware of the cons as well as the pros when making energy policy decisions. We urge policy-makers to identify which priorities are most important to them, and which priorities they are prepared to compromise on.

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