scholarly journals The analog linearization of Pt100 working characteristic

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radojle Radetic ◽  
Marijana Pavlov-Kagadejev ◽  
Nikola Milivojevic

The most exact temperature measurement can be made by using platinum sensors. Temperatures from -254.3?C up to +850?C can be measured with Pt100 sensor. The relationship between resistance and temperature is relatively linear, but for measurements of very high precision, Pt100 working curve should be a little bit improved. The paper describes an efficient way of measurement characteristic linearization by using the analogue electric circuits. The obtained results proved the initial considerations and the Pt100 becomes rather transducer than pure sensor.

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-137
Author(s):  
Mustaqim Makki

Zakat merupakan salah satu sendi pokok ajaran Islam. Urgensi zakat yang merupakan anjuran agama Islam untuk menunaikan zakat dan memberikannya kepada yang berhak dengan ketentuan mencapai nishabnya, (kadar minimum harta tertentu) mempunyai nilai sangat signifikan dalam kehidupan manusia. Seorang insan yang sarat akan segala permasalahan pada fitrahnya menuntut untuk selalu berinteraksi kepada sesama, baik berupa materi maupun non materi. Zakat merupakan maliyah ijtima’iyyah yang mengandung nilai-nilai filantropi yang sangat tinggi, karena ketika mengaplikasikan kewajiban zakat kita telah membantu sesama serta mengurangi kesenjangan yang disebabkan beberapa sifat manusia diantaranya adalah sifat kikir, dengki dan iri hati. Menguatnya kembali harapan banyak kalangan terhadap implementasi filantropi Islam, baik dalam bentuk zakat, infak, sedekah, dan wakaf, memiliki keterkaitan erat dengan kondisi bangsa yang belum sepenuhnya bangkit dari keterpurukan sebagai dampak dari krisis ekonomi yang berkepanjangan. Kondisi ini berakibat kesenjangan penguasaan perekonomian antar warga negara menjadi kian lebar. Pada saat itulah, ziswaf (zakat, infak, sedekah, dan wakaf) kembali dilirik dan diharapkan menjadi alternatif solusi terhadap problem kemiskinan umat. Manusia sebagai khalifah fil ardh dalam Al Qurán menekankan muatan fungsional yang harus diemban oleh manusia dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugas kesejarahan dalam kehidupannya di muka bumi. Kaitan dengan konsep tersebut, ada dua fungsi manusia. Pertama: Manusia sebagai hamba (ábid), dituntut untuk sukses menjalin hubungan secara vertikal dalam hal ini hubungannya dengan ketuhanan (Teologis). Kedua adalah manusia sebagai khalifah, dituntut untuk sukses menjalin hubungan secara horizontal dalam hal ini hubungan terhadap manusia.Kata kunci: tafsir ayat zakat, filantropi, ekonomi keummatanAbstract:Zakat is one of the main points of Islamic teachings. The urgency of zakat which is suggested by Islam to fulfill and give it to those who are referred to with the provisions to reach their nishab, (minimum level of certain assets) has a very significant value in human life. A person who is full of all problems in his/her natural demands will always get interaction with other people, either material or non-material. Zakat is maliyah ijtima’iyyah which contains very high philanthropic values, because when applying the obligation of zakat we have helped others and reduced the gaps caused by some human traits including miser, jealousy and envy. The reinforcement of the expectations (estimation) from any levels on the implementation of Islamic philanthropy, which in the form of zakat, donation, alms and endowments, has a close relationship with the condition of the country that has not fully risen from bad economic adversity due to economic crisis. This condition causes a widening of the economic mastery among the citizens. At that moment, ziswaf (zakat, infaq, alms, and waqf) was again given a serious attentition and expected to be an alternative solution to the problem of poverty among citizens. Humans as khalifah fil ardh in the Qur'an emphasize the functional content that must be carried by humans in carrying out historical tasks in their lives on earth. In accordance with this concept, there are two human functions. First: Humans as servants (ábid), are required to succeed in establishing a vertical relationship in this case the relationship with God (Theological). Second, humans as caliphs, are required to succeed in establishing horizontal relationships in this case the relationship to humans.


Author(s):  
Evi Rosita ◽  
Siti Nurnaningrum

There are about 2.8 million incident of perineal rupture in maternal physiological labor. In 2050,it is estimated that the incidence of perineal rupture can be 6.3 million if it is not accompanied by a good midwifery care. In 2016, in Trawas, there was (89%) perineal rupture in primiparas and (57%) perineal rupture in multiparas. Perineal rupture incidences due to parity were still very high. This study aims to analyze the relationship between parity and the incidence of perineal rupture . It is quantitative studyusing a cross sectional approach, by using analysis of physiological maternity women  medical record data from January to April 2017 of 130 peoplein Trawas Public Health Center, Mojokerto Regency.The dataanalysis used was Chi - Square , indicated by p value = 0,000 with ɑ = 0,05. It means that the value of p <ɑ, so H1 is accepted. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between parity and the incidence of perineal rupture on physiological maternity women in Trawas Public Health Center,Mojokerto Regency. Midwives can apply collaboration with patients and their families to have physical and psychologicalpreparation with an alternative of hypnobirthing methods.


2020 ◽  
Vol 499 (3) ◽  
pp. 4418-4431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatha Ramakrishnan ◽  
Aseem Paranjape

ABSTRACT We use the Separate Universe technique to calibrate the dependence of linear and quadratic halo bias b1 and b2 on the local cosmic web environment of dark matter haloes. We do this by measuring the response of halo abundances at fixed mass and cosmic web tidal anisotropy α to an infinite wavelength initial perturbation. We augment our measurements with an analytical framework developed in earlier work that exploits the near-lognormal shape of the distribution of α and results in very high precision calibrations. We present convenient fitting functions for the dependence of b1 and b2 on α over a wide range of halo mass for redshifts 0 ≤ z ≤ 1. Our calibration of b2(α) is the first demonstration to date of the dependence of non-linear bias on the local web environment. Motivated by previous results that showed that α is the primary indicator of halo assembly bias for a number of halo properties beyond halo mass, we then extend our analytical framework to accommodate the dependence of b1 and b2 on any such secondary property that has, or can be monotonically transformed to have, a Gaussian distribution. We demonstrate this technique for the specific case of halo concentration, finding good agreement with previous results. Our calibrations will be useful for a variety of halo model analyses focusing on galaxy assembly bias, as well as analytical forecasts of the potential for using α as a segregating variable in multitracer analyses.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhigang Bao ◽  
László Erdős ◽  
Kevin Schnelli

Abstract We prove that the energy of any eigenvector of a sum of several independent large Wigner matrices is equally distributed among these matrices with very high precision. This shows a particularly strong microcanonical form of the equipartition principle for quantum systems whose components are modelled by Wigner matrices.


1969 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clyde Hendrick

Symmetry of the trait inference process was studied by having Ss rate how much trait X implied trait Y and how much trait Y implied trait X for each of 36 pairs of traits. Desirability of the traits ranged from very high to very low. The relationship between traits within a pair was varied from consistent to highly inconsistent. Differences between the implication ratings for the two orders of presentation revealed that a definite asymmetry in the strength of the inference existed. The direction of the asymmetry varied as a function of the degree of inconsistency between traits within pairs. The results were discussed in terms of a differential discounting process.


Author(s):  
Fabien Malbet ◽  
Alexis Brandeker ◽  
Alain Léger ◽  
Bjorn Jakobsson ◽  
Renaud Goullioud ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (1 suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
HC Gonçalves ◽  
MA Mercante ◽  
ET Santos

The Pantanal hydrological cycle holds an important meaning in the Alto Paraguay Basin, comprising two areas with considerably diverse conditions regarding natural and water resources: the Plateau and the Plains. From the perspective of the ecosystem function, the hydrological flow in the relationship between plateau and plains is important for the creation of reproductive and feeding niches for the regional biodiversity. In general, river declivity in the plateau is 0.6 m/km while declivity on the plains varies from 0.1 to 0.3 m/km. The environment in the plains is characteristically seasonal and is home to an exuberant and abundant diversity of species, including some animals threatened with extinction. When the flat surface meets the plains there is a diminished water flow on the riverbeds and, during the rainy season the rivers overflow their banks, flooding the lowlands. Average annual precipitation in the Basin is 1,396 mm, ranging from 800 mm to 1,600 mm, and the heaviest rainfall occurs in the plateau region. The low drainage capacity of the rivers and lakes that shape the Pantanal, coupled with the climate in the region, produce very high evaporation: approximately 60% of all the waters coming from the plateau are lost through evaporation. The Alto Paraguay Basin, including the Pantanal, while boasting an abundant availability of water resources, also has some spots with water scarcity in some sub-basins, at different times of the year. Climate conditions alone are not enough to explain the differences observed in the Paraguay River regime and some of its tributaries. The complexity of the hydrologic regime of the Paraguay River is due to the low declivity of the lands that comprise the Mato Grosso plains and plateau (50 to 30 cm/km from east to west and 3 to 1.5 cm/km from north to south) as well as the area's dimension, which remains periodically flooded with a large volume of water.


Solid Earth ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 873-880
Author(s):  
Marzieh Mokarram ◽  
Dinesh Sathyamoorthy

Abstract. Soil genesis is highly dependent on landforms as they control the erosional processes and the soil physical and chemical properties. The relationship between landform classification and electrical conductivity (EC) of soil and water in the northern part of Meharloo watershed, Fars province, Iran, was investigated using a combination of a geographical information system (GIS) and a fuzzy model. The results of the fuzzy method for water EC showed 36.6 % of the land to be moderately land suitable for agriculture; high, 31.69 %; and very high, 31.65 %. In comparison, the results of the fuzzy method for soil EC showed 24.31 % of the land to be as not suitable for agriculture (low class); moderate, 11.78 %; high, 25.74 %; and very high, 38.16 %. In total, the land suitable for agriculture with low EC is located in the north and northeast of the study area. The relationship between landform and EC shows that EC of water is high for the valley classes, while the EC of soil is high in the upland drainage class. In addition, the lowest EC levels for soil and water are in the plains class.


2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 478-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingfeng Guo ◽  
Tieshan Cao ◽  
Congqian Cheng ◽  
Xianming Meng ◽  
Jie Zhao

AbstractThe magnetism and microstructure of Cr25Ni35Nb and Cr35Ni45Nb alloy tubes after 5 years of service were investigated in this paper. The saturation magnetization of the Cr25Ni35Nb alloy tube in the thickness direction is more than 20 emu/g, and the tube becomes ferromagnetic. The inner and outer walls of Cr35Ni45Nb alloy tubes also become ferromagnetic. But the saturation magnetization of the Cr35Ni45Nb alloy tubes approaches to zero in the center zone. The primary carbides M7C3 and NbC are changed into M23C6 and G phase at the outer region of the furnace tube. However, the M23C6-type carbides were replaced by carbon-rich carbides M7C3 at the carburization zone. Cr-depleted zones are formed at the inner and outer walls of the furnace tubes owing to oxidation. Carburization and oxidation reduce the Cr content of the matrix. Accordingly, the saturation magnetization is very high at the carburization zone and Cr-depleted zone. The magnetism of Cr25Ni35Nb and Cr35Ni45Nb alloy tubes has a high correlation with the Cr content of the matrix. Carburization and oxidation are the main reasons that make the paramagnetic ethylene pyrolysis furnace tube change to ferromagnetic.


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