The Hidden Logic of “Irrational” Economic Policies in Ecuador

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco E. Thoumi
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rates ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
State Enterprises ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Mainstream economists blame the poor 1980s economic performance of most Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries on the poor economic policies followed by the region for the past several decades and recommend drastic policy changes including (a) elimination of many subsidies, (b) lowering tariffs and other obstacles to international trade, (c) privatization of many state enterprises, (d) liberalization of capital markets and interest rates, and so on — a policy package designed to lower greatly the government's intervention in the economy. This policy advice has been inspired, at least in part, by the generally accepted failure of the LAC governments to promote stable and fair growth through intervention.However, in spite of pressures by multilateral and bilateral agencies, most governments find it very difficult to implement these policies, even when policymakers and their advisers fully understand the logic behind the policy recommendations and agree with them.

scholarly journals What if Classroom Instruction Becomes a Thing of the Past?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Mu
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Massive Open Online Courses ◽  
University Education ◽  
Massive Open Online ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Past ◽  
Virtual Instruction ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Until recently, there was no doubt about what constituted a university education and how it was carried out. Suddenly, the COVID-19 pandemic occurred, and in a few weeks, not only education, but the entire world changed. In the new normal, post-pandemic world, it is possible that teaching face-to-face courses will be the exception, not the rule, in the U.S. and the Latin American and Caribbean regions. Furthermore, this virtual instruction will possibly be at massive levels with tens or hundreds of thousands of students at a time, modeled after massive open online courses (MOOCs).

The Role of Policy in the Great Recession and the Weak Recovery

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (5) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Regulatory Policy ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Slow Recovery ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Past ◽  
Severe Recession

This paper reports on recent research showing that the severe recession of 2007-2009 and the weak recovery have been due to poor economic policies and the failure to implement good policies during the past decade. Monetary policy, fiscal policy, and regulatory policy became more discretionary, more interventionist, and less predictable in comparison with the previous two decades of better economic performance. At best these policies led to growth spurts, but were followed by retrenchments, averaging to poor performance. The paper also considers alternative views-that the equilibrium interest rate declined during the decade and that the seriousness of financial crisis caused the slow recovery.

Community Participation, the Environment, and Democracy: Brazil in Comparative Perspective

2002 ◽  
Vol 44 (04) ◽  
pp. 59-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamie Elizabeth Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Community Participation ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Community Mobilization ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor

Abstract Grassroots environmental activism among Latin America's poor has altered the debate over environmental policy, social welfare, and citizenship. Yet the question remains whether this social mobilization of the poor is part of a larger trend toward broader environmental concerns and democratic political participation, or a shortlived movement susceptible to the same pressures that have dissolved community mobilization in the past. This article compares Brazil with other Latin American and European countries in surveys of environmental awareness, concerns, and reported behavior. It finds that Brazilians residing in the urban periphery link their own local environmental concerns to more global considerations, and that concern for and activism on environmental issues is positively related to wider community involvement.

Forty Years in Crises: Understanding the Underlying Causes of Financial Crises in Latin America and How Coronavirus Positions the Region Today

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Murphy ◽  
Ahmad Etebari
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Interest Rates ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Decisions ◽  
Underlying Causes

This paper is an attempt at identifying the causes and commonalities of financial crises in Latin America over the past forty years. This identification is carried out through an extensive review and analysis of the literature on the precipitating factors of 12 major financial crises in six major nations in Latin America. Through the literature review, we find three major commonalities among the Latin American financial crises: over-dependence on commodities, ineffective macro and currency policies, and overall political instability. Political instability is often the impetus for self-serving, politically motivated economic decisions, accentuating an existing crisis or contributing to a new one, such as the region’s current struggles with the Covid-19 pandemic. Our analysis show that these crises are associated with significant shifts in the commodity prices, exchange rates and interest rates.

O papel do enfermeiro que atua no transplante ósseo

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 662
Author(s):  
Ana Rachel Ferreira Ribeiro ◽  
Michelle De Mendoça Silva ◽  
Michelle De Oliveira Menezes ◽  
Heliane Lopardi
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Bone Transplant ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Law ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the role of a nurse before the transplant bone involving the donor’s family. Method: descriptive study, based on data from Latin American and Caribbean in Health Sciences and Nursing Database, for the past nine years. It was carried through the pre-reading and selective reading having as resulted seven references. We done interpretative reading and finally analyze, clarify the role of the nurse who works in front of the bone transplant the donor's family. Results: the nurse’s performance goes very beyond the CIDOT, that is, beyond intra-hospital environment. The nurse has that to obtain to reach the community sensitizing it, gaining their confidence and showing him how is nobleman and important the act to communicate its family while still alive the desire of being a giver. Conclusion: the Law n° 9.434, 1997 of to the nurse the qualification and autonomy to act all actively in the process of bone transplant, it is enough then, to have the knowledge and will to pass of a spectator and collaborator, the professional with disposition to improve and help all the involved ones in this procedures. Descriptors: transplant; bone; nurses; tissues; organs.RESUMOObjetivo: descrever a atuação do enfermeiro diante do transplante ósseo envolvendo a família do doador. Método: estudo descritivo e exploratório, tendo como base de dados a Base de Dados de Enfermagem e Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, nos últimos nove anos. Foi realizada a pré-leitura e leitura seletiva tendo como resultado sete referências. Realizamos leitura interpretativa e de análise para enfim, esclarecer o papel do enfermeiro que atua no transplante ósseo diante da família do doador. Resultados: a atuação do enfermeiro vai muito além da CIDOT, ou seja, de um ambiente intra-hospitalar. O enfermeiro deve alcançar a comunidade sensibilizando-a, ganhando sua confiança e mostrando-lhe como é nobre e importante o ato de comunicar em vida a sua família o desejo de ser um doador. Conclusão: a Lei nº 9.434, 1997 dá ao enfermeiro capacitação e autonomia para atuar ativamente em todo o processo de transplante ósseo, basta então, ele ter o conhecimento e vontade para passar de mero expectador e colaborador, a profissional disposto a melhorar e ajudar todos os envolvidos nesse procedimento. Descritores: transplante; osso; enfermeiro; tecidos; órgãos.RESUMENObjetivo: describir la actuación del enfermero ante el trasplante de hueso envolviendo la familia del donante. Método: estudio descriptivo y exploratório, teniendo como base de datos el Literatura Latino Americana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud y Base de Datos de Enfermería, en los últimos nueve años. Fue realizada la prélectura y lectura selectiva teniendo como resultado siete referencias. Realizamos lectura interpretativa y de análisis para en fin, aclarar el papel del enfermero que actua en el trasplante óseo. Resultados: la actuación del enfermero va más allá de la CIDOT, o sea, de un ambiente intra-hospitalario. El enfermero tiene que lograr alcanzar la  comunidad sensibilizándola, ganándola y mostrando como es noble e importante el acto de comunicar en vida su familia el deseo de ser un donante. Conclusión: la leye nº 9.434, 1997 del enfermero capacitación y autonomía para actuar activamente en todo proceso de trasplante óseo, basta entonces, él tener el conocimiento y voluntad para pasar de simple expectador y colaborador, a profesional dispuesto a mejorar y ayudar todos los envueltos en este procedimiento. Descriptores: trasplante; hueso; enfermero; tejido; órganos.

scholarly journals The North Korean Economy: Sustainable or Muddling-Through?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8478
Author(s):  
Soohyon Kim ◽  
Wook Sohn ◽  
Changyong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Korean Economy ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Economic Journal ◽  
Survival Level

Confronting the continuing economic sanctions, the flood disaster, and the COVID 19, North Korea is now in a critical phase whether the North Korean economy will shift to a sustainable economy or, as it has done in the past three decades, barely manage to maintain at a survival level. To explore the question, this study investigates North Korea’s economic policy changes by extracting the keywords from the North Korean economic journal Economic Research, which is a representative state published document. We use a text mining approach to overcome limitations, such as the lack of objectivity and accuracy of the classification of topics in manual text analysis for North Korean studies. Contrary to the conventional assumption that the North Korean economic policies are driven by dogmatic Juche (self-reliance) ideology, we find that the strategy of economic policies differs depending on the leader and political and economic circumstances at the time. In particular, since Kim Jong-un assumed office in 2011, the topics have diversified, and now cover a wide range of subjects on capitalism. Nevertheless, without North Korea’s decisive reform measures and international cooperation, it will be hard to observe that the North Korean economy can go beyond ‘muddling-through’ for sustainable development.

Capital Flight, Saving Rate and the Golden Rate Level of Capital Policy Recommendations for Latin American Countries

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin L. Vespignani
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Golden Rule ◽  
Capital Flight ◽  
Government Revenue ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Saving Rate ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Indirect Taxation ◽  
Rate Level ◽  
Latin American Countries

This paper seeks to analyze the determinants of capital flight in selected Latin American countries throughtout the 1990s, and gives some insights into what economic policies would be adequate under capital flight conditions. Finding empirically, the saving rate to be a new determinant of capital flight, this paper discusses whether or not acheiving the golden rule level of capital would be desirable and what source of government revenue (direct or indirect taxation) would be appropriate under those conditions.

Rethinking US Interests in the Western Hemisphere

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Abraham F. Lowenthal
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin American ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
The Past ◽  
Economic Difficulty ◽  
The World ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

The Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, and consequently their relations with the United States, have changed considerably during the past 25 years. Latin American and Caribbean nations are more populous, urban, industrialized, organized, and assertive than they were a generation ago. Even in a period of extensive economic difficulty, Latin America's nations are today more prosperous than in 1960. Most are better integrated into the world economy and are much more involved in international politics.

scholarly journals Francis’ Idea of the Church: Outline of an Ecclesiology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-107
Author(s):  
Mark Joseph Zammit
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Church Of Christ ◽  
People Of God ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
Constant State ◽  
The Church ◽  
The Ideal

In the past eight years, since the election of Francis as the first Latin American pontiff in history, the Church has experienced new manners of being and acting. Even though she has also been in a constant state of aggiornamento, Francis’ vision has contributed greatly to this concept of being a perfect image of the ideal Church of Christ (cf. Ecclesiam Suam 10) and a better servant of humanity. The objective of this study is to present an outline of Francis’ main ecclesiological concepts, in the awareness that this endeavour can never be completely exhaustive. For this reason, the article is divided into two main sections. In this first one, the bedrocks of his ecclesiological thoughts are studied. These include his Jesuit vocation, the CELAM conferences and vision, and the Argentine theology of the people. In the second section, his main ecclesiological themes are analysed: the people of God, a poor Church for the poor, ecumenism, reform, and an ecological Church.

scholarly journals Can We Restart the Recovery All Over Again?

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 48-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Productivity Growth ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Fiscal Stimulus ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Capital Services

Many have argued that a deviation from good economic policy has been a cause of the poor U.S. economic performance of the past decade and that policy reforms are needed to restore strong growth. Yet others argue that the recent stagnation is secular or that the possibility of a rapid recovery is long gone without more fiscal stimulus. Here I show that unusual economic conditions leave plenty of room for a reform-induced rebound. Taking demographics and the growth of capital services into account, labor force participation and productivity growth are unusually low. Hence, policy reforms could generate a post-recession-like acceleration as well as sustained growth and stability.

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