Possible Social Factors in the Exchange System of the Prehistoric Maya

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Voorhies
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Exchange System ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
The Stability

AbstractPrevious discussions of the exchange system of the prehistoric Maya have been based on the assumption that their uniform environment prevented inter-group exchange of local resources. The validity of this assumption is questioned and the stability of primitive exchange systems is examined.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Ekonomi Global dan Domestik Terhadap Inflasi di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Dini Hariyanti ◽  
Soeharjoto Soekapdjo
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Exchange Rates ◽  
Money Supply ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Determine Effect

One of the biggest obstacles for countries economic growth compound is inflation. Government attempted to have lower and stable inflation.  Purpose of this research is to determine effect of the global and domestic economy to inflation in Indonesia. Using quarterly time series data from 2009-2018 derived from the Indonesian Economic and Financial Statistics (SEKI), International Financial Statistics (IFS), and Investing. ECM regression model used for this research. For short term, interest rate and exchange rates have positive and significant effect to inflation. But money supply, GDP and oil price not significant, while in long term, interest rate and oil price have positive and significant to inflation, while money supply, GDP and exchange rates are not significant. Government policies are monitoring and anticipating global and domestic fluctuation, by  maintaining  the stability of interest rate and exchange rates, and also using environmentally friendly alternatives resources, in order to reducing dependence on oil. Besides that, government needs to undertake increasing of GDP to maintain people purchasing power and money supply distribution for productive sector which have biggest adding value by utilizing local resources.

scholarly journals Tolerance in intergroup encounters: Payoffs and plasticity in non-human primates and humans

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C Pisor ◽  
Martin Surbeck
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Foraging Ecology ◽  
Great Ape ◽  
Selection Pressures ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Non Local ◽  
Intergroup Encounters ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Human Foraging

Primate individuals use a variety of strategies in intergroup encounters, from aggression to tolerance; however, despite the prevalence of tolerance in humans, recent focus on the evolution of intergroup contest has come at the cost of characterizing the role of tolerance in human sociality. Can we use the selection pressures hypothesized to favor tolerance in intergroup encounters in the non-great ape primates to explain the prevalence and plasticity of tolerance in humans and our closest living relatives? In the present paper, we review these candidate ecological and social factors and conclude that additional selection pressures are required to explain the prevalence of tolerance in human intergroup encounters; we nominate the need to access non-local resources in the human foraging ecology as a candidate pressure. To better evaluate existing hypotheses, additional, targeted data are needed to document the prevalence and plasticity of tolerance during intergroup encounters in some great ape species.

scholarly journals The relevance of affiliative relationships in horses: review and future directions

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Costa ◽  
Sara Fragoso ◽  
Filipa Heitor
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Individual

For many years, studies on horse social behaviour focused mainly on social organization, dominance and aggression. There are comparatively fewer studies on affiliative relationships among horses, despite their impact on the stability of social groups, reproductive success and welfare. We believe that it is important to gain a more complete understanding of this dimension of horse social behaviour and to identify areas of research which need to be addressed in more detail.This review summarizes the existing body of scientific knowledge on affiliative relationships among horses. Studies were conducted on a large variety of horse populations and environmental conditions, from feral to domestic horses under different management conditions. Moreover, studies conducted to date used different methodologies for data collection and analysis which make meaningful comparisons of their results more difficult. We present their main findings concerning the importance of affiliative relationships for horses and the individual and social factors associated with these relationships. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of these findings for management of domestic horses and propose avenues for future studies. We hope this review stimulates further research in this area and may contribute scientific knowledge to improve husbandry practices and horse welfare.

scholarly journals A Fat Client OS Architecture Supported by Semi-network Resources

2022 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 857-876
Author(s):  
Yin Sheng Zhang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Shared Resources ◽  
Network Resources ◽  
Network Resource ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
Hardware Resource ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Storage Place ◽  
Security Verification

Purpose–This study is to explore a way toretainthe strengths and eliminatethe weaknesses of the existingarchitecture oflocal OS and cloud OS,then create an innovativeone, which is referredto as semi-network OS architecture.Method–The elements of semi-network OS architecture includes networkresources, localresources, and semi-mobile hardware resources; among them, networkresources are the expanded portionof OS, which is used to ensure the scalability of OS; local resources are the base portion of OS, which is used to ensure the stability of local computing, as well as the autonomy of user operations; the semi-mobile hardware resource is OSPU, which is used to ensure the positioning and security of dataflow.Results–Thefat client OS relies on the network shared resources,local exclusive resources,and semi-mobilehardware resources (OSPU), not relies solely on a single resource, to perform its tasks on a fat client, in thisarchitecture, most of the system files of OS on a fat client isderived from OS server, which is a network shared resources, and the rest of system files of OS is derived from OSPUof a fat client, which is a non-network resource, so the architecture of OShas "semi-network" attribute, wherein the OSPU is a key subordinate component for data processing and security verification,the OS server is a storage place rather than operating a placeof system files, and system files that stored on a server can only be downloaded to a fat client to carry out their mission.Conclusion–A complete OS is divided into base portion and expanded portion, and this "portion" division of OS enables a fat client to be dually supported by remote network resources and local non-network resources, therefore, it is expected to make a fat client more flexible, safer and more reliable, and more convenient to be operated.

scholarly journals Culture and Entrepreneurial Self Efficacy: Comparative Analysis at Provincial Level in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-266
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mansoor Ali ◽  
Hajra Ihsan ◽  
Afia Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Opportunity Recognition ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Risk Propensity ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Local Resources ◽  
New Business ◽  
The Stability

The debate about embeddedness of entrepreneurship in cultural dimensions has not found any conclusive theory but still there is ample evidence that culture has impact on intention of entrepreneurial activity. The culturally legitimate vocational choices affect the efficacy to make an entrepreneurial startup. This is directly linked with not only the economic activity but also for creating businesses with the available local resources. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy reflects the personal beliefs of individuals in their own abilities and regarding opportunity recognition and risk propensity. The study conducted the analysis by comparing entrepreneurs in four provinces of Pakistan (Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Sindh and Balochistan) and found significant differences in factors describing self-efficacy. MGCFA revealed the stability of the research instrument across the provinces thus factor loadings for different provinces can be compared. Entrepreneurs in Punjab have relatively stronger entrepreneurial self-efficacy in contrast with other provinces. The policy intervention should be reflective of the situation of each province, and public policy related to business environment should be more liberal while in other provinces supportive of entrepreneurs through institutional support to new business developers.

Open discussion

1982 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 605-613
Author(s):  
P. S. Conti
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Large Mass ◽  
List Type ◽  
Common Phenomenon ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Ring Nebulae

Conti: One of the main conclusions of the Wolf-Rayet symposium in Buenos Aires was that Wolf-Rayet stars are evolutionary products of massive objects. Some questions:–Do hot helium-rich stars, that are not Wolf-Rayet stars, exist?–What about the stability of helium rich stars of large mass? We know a helium rich star of ∼40 MO. Has the stability something to do with the wind?–Ring nebulae and bubbles : this seems to be a much more common phenomenon than we thought of some years age.–What is the origin of the subtypes? This is important to find a possible matching of scenarios to subtypes.

Symmetric Multistep Methods Revisited: II. Numerical Experiments

1999 ◽  
Vol 173 ◽  
pp. 309-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Fukushima
Keyword(s):  
Multistep Methods ◽  
Computational Time ◽  
Integration Time ◽  
Implicit Methods ◽  
Symmetric Methods ◽  
Celestial Bodies ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Predictor Corrector ◽  
Symmetric Multistep Methods ◽  
Integration Errors

AbstractBy using the stability condition and general formulas developed by Fukushima (1998 = Paper I) we discovered that, just as in the case of the explicit symmetric multistep methods (Quinlan and Tremaine, 1990), when integrating orbital motions of celestial bodies, the implicit symmetric multistep methods used in the predictor-corrector manner lead to integration errors in position which grow linearly with the integration time if the stepsizes adopted are sufficiently small and if the number of corrections is sufficiently large, say two or three. We confirmed also that the symmetric methods (explicit or implicit) would produce the stepsize-dependent instabilities/resonances, which was discovered by A. Toomre in 1991 and confirmed by G.D. Quinlan for some high order explicit methods. Although the implicit methods require twice or more computational time for the same stepsize than the explicit symmetric ones do, they seem to be preferable since they reduce these undesirable features significantly.

Uniformity of Magnification from Different Electron Microscopes

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 32-33
Author(s):  
Godfrey C. Hoskins ◽  
V. Williams ◽  
V. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Grating ◽  
The Other ◽  
Carbon Replica ◽  
Electron Microscopes ◽  
The Stability

The method demonstrated is an adaptation of a proven procedure for accurately determining the magnification of light photomicrographs. Because of the stability of modern electrical lenses, the method is shown to be directly applicable for providing precise reproducibility of magnification in various models of electron microscopes.A readily recognizable area of a carbon replica of a crossed-line diffraction grating is used as a standard. The same area of the standard was photographed in Phillips EM 200, Hitachi HU-11B2, and RCA EMU 3F electron microscopes at taps representative of the range of magnification of each. Negatives from one microscope were selected as guides and printed at convenient magnifications; then negatives from each of the other microscopes were projected to register with these prints. By deferring measurement to the print rather than comparing negatives, correspondence of magnification of the specimen in the three microscopes could be brought to within 2%.

Effect of Improved ThO2 Particle Dispersion in Nickel on High-Temperature Strength

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 444-445
Author(s):  
E. R. Kimmel ◽  
H. L. Anthony ◽  
W. Scheithauer
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Oxide Particle ◽  
Oxide Phase ◽  
Dislocation Motion ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Strengthening Effect ◽  
Oxide Particles ◽  
The Stability

The strengthening effect at high temperature produced by a dispersed oxide phase in a metal matrix is seemingly dependent on at least two major contributors: oxide particle size and spatial distribution, and stability of the worked microstructure. These two are strongly interrelated. The stability of the microstructure is produced by polygonization of the worked structure forming low angle cell boundaries which become anchored by the dispersed oxide particles. The effect of the particles on strength is therefore twofold, in that they stabilize the worked microstructure and also hinder dislocation motion during loading.

An Analysis of Dissociation of Molecules in a High Resolution Electron Microscope

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 486-487
Author(s):  
Mihir Parikh
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Peak Intensity ◽  
Molecular Film ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Dissociation Cross Section ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscope ◽  
The Stability

It is well known that the resolution of bio-molecules in a high resolution electron microscope depends not just on the physical resolving power of the instrument, but also on the stability of these molecules under the electron beam. Experimentally, the damage to the bio-molecules is commo ly monitored by the decrease in the intensity of the diffraction pattern, or more quantitatively by the decrease in the peaks of an energy loss spectrum. In the latter case the exposure, EC, to decrease the peak intensity from IO to I’O can be related to the molecular dissociation cross-section, σD, by EC = ℓn(IO /I’O) /ℓD. Qu ntitative data on damage cross-sections are just being reported, However, the microscopist needs to know the explicit dependence of damage on: (1) the molecular properties, (2) the density and characteristics of the molecular film and that of the support film, if any, (3) the temperature of the molecular film and (4) certain characteristics of the electron microscope used

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