Hair Transplantation: Biochemical Basis and Surgical Treatment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Ehrlichman ◽  
Allan J. Parungao
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Hair Transplantation ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Follicular Unit Extraction ◽  
Made In

Modern day hair transplantation has undergone tremendous advances since the understanding of the patterns of male hair loss and miniaturization related to androgenic alopecia caused by DHT (dihydrotesterone).  The concept of donor dominance, in which hairs genetically resistant to the effects of DHT can be moved to other locations where hair has been lost due to sensitivity to this hormone, is the basis for modern day hair transplantation.  Early hair transplantation based on this knowledge involved moving plugs of hair from DHT resistant hairs posteriorly to the anterior hairline.  These however resulted in abnormal hairlines which did not appear natural.  Presently, hair transplantation is placed on the use of 1, 2, 3, and 4 hair follicular units to create more natural hairlines.  In addition, knowledge of the biochemistry of hair loss has resulted in nonsurgical treatments that can regrow and maintain hair.  Finasteride (Propecia) and minoxidil (Rogaine) are now important adjuncts before, during and after hair transplantation.  Advances have been made in the harvesting of donor hair including the use of follicular unit extraction which removes individual 1, 2, 3 or 4 hair follicular units and the use of robots for extraction.  Because of the limitations of donor sites and the fact that hair loss is progressive, future research will involve the use of stem cells. This review contains 27 figures and 106 references. Key Words: androgenic alopecia, cicatricial alopecia, DHT, donor dominance, follicular units, miniaturization, stem cells, telogen effluvium, trichophytic

scholarly journals Is Every Patient of Hair Loss a Candidate for Hair Transplant?—Deciding Surgical Candidacy in Pattern Hair Loss

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. True
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Body Dysmorphic Disorder ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Hair Transplantation ◽  
Detailed History ◽  
Hair Transplant ◽  
Female Pattern Hair Loss ◽  
Unrealistic Expectations ◽  
Male Pattern

AbstractPatterned hair loss which includes both male pattern hair loss (MPHL) or androgenic alopecia (AGA) and female pattern hair loss (FPHL) is the most common indication for hair transplant surgery. However, not all such patients are candidates for hair transplants. There are eight conditions that cause patients to not be appropriate candidates. These are: diffuse unpatterned alopecia (DUPA), cicatricial alopecia (CA), patients with unstable hair loss, patients with insufficient hair loss, very young patients, patients with unrealistic expectations, patients with psychologic disorders such as body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and trichotillomania, and patients who are medically unfit. In addition, there are patients who are poor candidates and who should undergo hair transplantation only if they understand and accept limited results. The key to identifying these patients involves performing careful and detailed history and examination at the time of consultation.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Contact Tracing Applications: Design and Operations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Pulkit Verma ◽  
Neeraj Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Handheld Devices ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Digital Footprint ◽  
The Future ◽  
Security Concerns ◽  
Made In

The Digital footprint we create in our modern lives through hour handheld devices and wearable gadgets is enormous. It was little known that, in the light of the recent outburst of the pandemic, this digital footprint would play an important role in contact tracing of the infected patients. This digital encounter tracing came into existence in order to relieve the Heath Authorities from the burden of manually tracking the contacts. Different countries developed a number of contact tracing apps based on the different architectures for the same purpose. This paper analyses the different intricacies of the architectures currently in use from the perspective of information storage, division of processing, capabilities and possible security concerns. Effort has been made in order to touch upon the possible attacks in each of the architectures. The paper concludes with the future research efforts in possible optimization of the architecture and the protocols, which in turn may lead to better contact tracing and containment of pandemic. Key words: Digital Proximity, Contact Tracing, Bluetooth, GPS, DP, encryption, Anonymized, Decentralized, Open Source, PACT, DESIRE.

scholarly journals Adjuvant measures and genetic evaluations to improve results of hair transplantation

2022 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-375
Author(s):  
Jalal Hamasalih Fattah
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Androgenic Alopecia ◽  
Hair Transplantation ◽  
Srd5a2 Gene ◽  
Follicular Unit Extraction ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
One Year ◽  
Genetic Evaluations

Follicular unit extraction (FUE) has evolved dramatically as the most recent advancement in surgical hair restoration as it leaves a tiny scar and creates natural and pleasing results. This study aims to show the effectiveness of adjuvant measures and genetic evaluations in improving outcomes. Prospective analysis of 271 male patients with androgenic alopecia who underwent hair transplantation with FUE technique between August 2015 and February 2020 at our center was conducted. The mean age was 35.93 ±4.40 years. At one year postoperatively, patients were asked to fill up a questionnaire which included their satisfaction level, need for 2nd session, and complications. Informed written consent was obtained from all patients. Also, blood samples were provided from patients before the operation. RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis were performed using the RNX-Plus kit (Cinnagen, Iran) and Vivantis kit (Malaysia). Amplification of SRD5A2 and GAPDH genes (as internal standard) for measuring gene expression was performed by real-time PCR. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social science SPSS V. 23. In the last 156 cases, the addition of 40 mg of Triamcinolone to the LA solution led to a dramatic reduction of the incidence of postoperative oedema, from 40% to 9%. Adding three sessions of PRP at 2nd, 4th and 6th months postoperatively resulted in an increased patient satisfaction rate with better hair density and thickness where the rate of highly satisfied patients increased from 64.5% to 83.7%. The addition of 40 mg Triamcinolone to the LA solution was highly effective in reducing postoperative oedema. Three sessions of PRP at 2nd, 4th and 6th months postoperatively were recommended. The results of SRD5A2 gene expression showed that the expression of this gene in satisfied (P = 0.049) and dissatisfied (P = 0.028) patients were significantly higher than highly satisfied patients, which means that the SRD5A2 gene expression had an essential role in the successfulness of hair transplantation. The increased expression of this gene could reduce the response to hair transplantation.

scholarly journals Hair Transplantation

2021 ◽  
pp. 707-730
Author(s):  
Sreedhar Reddy Pothula ◽  
B. S. Jayanth
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Hair Transplantation ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Past ◽  
World Today ◽  
The Face ◽  
Follicular Unit Extraction ◽  
Follicular Unit

AbstractHair transplant as performed today has evolved over the past two decades in to a specialty by itself catching the attention of many specialists including maxillofacial surgeons who deal with defining the esthetics and perfection of the face. The advent of follicular unit micrograft and minigraft has provided a very safe, predictable and reproducible basis for establishing a natural hairline to the satisfaction of the patients. This chapter reviews and introduces the maxillofacial surgeons to the basics relevant to hair science, pathogenesis of hair loss, role of medicines, planning and execution of the two popular techniques of hair transplantation namely the follicular unit transplantation and follicular unit extraction as practiced in contemporary world today. There is an in-depth overview provided to the clinicians on the surgical details of the two popular procedures with their respective advantages and disadvantages; finally the chapter ends with description of complications commonly encountered and why maxillofacial surgeons are naturally selected to perform this highly skilled and gratifying procedure.

Autologous 5-azacytidine-cultured bone-marrow stem cells in surgical treatment of heart failure

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 114-115
Author(s):  
R AKCHURIN ◽  
T RAKHMATZADE ◽  
E SKRIDLEVSKAYA ◽  
L SAMOYLENKO ◽  
V SERGIENKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Bone Marrow Stem Cells

FEATURES OF OPHTHALMIC CARE FOR PATIENTS WITH COMPLICATED CATARACTS

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Inna Ivanovna Lapkina
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Outpatient Treatment ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Unified Approach ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
High Prevalence

Today, around 50 million people worldwide suffer from cataracts, more than a half of them need surgical treatment. High prevalence of this pathology in Ukraine, the need to improve the provision of ophthalmic care to patients, and the reform of the health care system have made the research relevant. Concomitant diseases and special conditions of the eye increase the risk of intra− and postoperative complications, worsen the functional parameters of patients after surgery. In order to develop a unified approach to the treatment of complicated cataracts based on diagnostically related groups of patients, a retrospective analysis of case histories of patients with different variants of complications related to the condition of the lens itself, its ligament apparatus and other structures of the eye was conducted. In each case, the surgeon has to choose the appropriate modification of cataract phacoemulsification surgery. The study proposed the classification of cataract phacoemulsification modifications on the basis of the techniques and the sequence of operation stages, taking into account the classification of the degrees of turbidity of the lens, proposed by L. Buratto. It has been noted that in complicated cases, according to the indications of the patient, surgery may be performed on several modifications of cataract phacoemulsification. The developed classification made it possible to generalize the various variants of pathology and greatly facilitate the choice of tactics of surgical treatment in complicated cataracts. It can be used not only for practical application, but also for improving the qualification of trained professionals. The prospect of further research is to identify contraindications for outpatient treatment of the patients with complicated cataracts. Key words: cataract complication, classification of phacoemulsification modifications, diagnostically related groups.

Stem Cell-Based Therapies: A New Ray of Hope for Diabetic Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junaid Khan ◽  
Amit Alexander ◽  
Mukta Agrawal ◽  
Ajazuddin ◽  
Sunil Kumar Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Type I Diabetes ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Type I

Diabetes and its complications are a significant health concern throughout the globe. There are physiological differences in the mechanism of type-I and type-II diabetes and the conventional drug therapy as well as insulin administration seem to be insufficient to address the problem at large successfully. Hypoglycemic swings, frequent dose adjustments and resistance to the drug are major problems associated with drug therapy. Cellular approaches through stem cell based therapeutic interventions offer a promising solution to the problem. The need for pancreatic transplants in case of Type- I diabetes can also be by-passed/reduced due to the formation of insulin producing β cells via stem cells. Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs) and induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), successfully used for generating insulin producing β cells. Although many experiments have shown promising results with stem cells in vitro, their clinical testing still needs more exploration. The review attempts to bring into light the clinical studies favoring the transplantation of stem cells in diabetic patients with an objective of improving insulin secretion and improving degeneration of different tissues in response to diabetes. It also focuses on the problems associated with successful implementation of the technique and possible directions for future research.

TRATAMENTO CIRÚRGICO DE CANINO INCLUSO EM REGIÃO MENTUAL: RELATO DE CASO

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Figueiredo de Brito Resende
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Oral Surgery ◽  
Tooth Eruption ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Transverse Position

RESUMOO dente denominado incluso nada mais é que um dente retido ou impactado dentro do alvéolo dentário de maneira parcial ou completa que não conseguiu erupcionar por motivos patológicos ou simplesmente anatômicos após o período de rizogênese. O canino, em especial, é de suma importância sob os pontos de vista estético e funcional. O deslocamento do canino incluso ultrapassando, ou se aproximando da linha média antes da erupção dentária do mesmo, é mais frequente na mandíbula do que na maxila.  Este trabalho tem por objetivo descrever o caso de um paciente de 21 anos que apresentava um canino incluso na região mentual, em posição transversal, inicialmente visualizado em uma radiografia periapical e posteriormente submetido a radiografia com a técnica de Donavan. Através de uma radiografia oclusal, foi possível observar o posicionamento do dente para a vestibular mentoniana e íntima relação do dente retido com as raízes dos incisivos centrais decíduos do paciente. Foi realizada a extração do dente retido no mento, removendo o mesmo por completo sendo feitas osteotomias e odontossecções. O paciente está em acompanhamento clínico à 1 ano após o tratamento cirúrgico.Palavras – chave: Dente incluso; Cirurgia Oral; Imaginologia. ABSTRACTThe tooth inserted  is nothing more than a tooth retained or impacted within the dental socket partially or completely that failed to erupt for pathological or simply anatomical reasons after the period of rhizogenesis. The canine, in particular, is of the utmost importance from the aesthetic and functional points of view. The displacement of the canine, even surpassing or approaching the midline before tooth eruption, is more frequent in the mandible than in the maxilla. This work aims to describe the case of a 21 - year - old patient who had a canine included in the mental region, in a transverse position, which was initially visualized on a periapical radiograph and later submitted to radiography with the Donavan technique. An occlusal radiograph showed the positioning of the tooth for the mental vestibular and the intima relationship of the retained tooth with the roots of the patient's central deciduous incisors. Removal of the tooth retained in the denture was performed, removing the tooth completely and osteotomies and odontosections were performed. The patient is in clinical follow-up at 1 year after the surgical treatment. key words: Tooth included; Oral surgery; Imaginology.  

scholarly journals Rational design of photocatalysts for ammonia production from water and nitrogen gas

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seokwoo Choe ◽  
Sung Min Kim ◽  
Yeji Lee ◽  
Jin Seok ◽  
Jiyong Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Significant Progress ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Made In

AbstractPhotocatalytic N2 reduction has emerged as one of the most attractive routes to produce NH3 as a useful commodity for chemicals used in industries and as a carbon-free energy source. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding, exploring, and designing efficient photocatalyst. In this review, we outline the important mechanistic and experimental procedures for photocatalytic NH3 production. In addition, we review effective strategies on development of photocatalysts. Finally, our analyses on the characteristics and modifications of photocatalysts have been summarized, based on which we discuss the possible future research directions, particularly on preparing more efficient catalysts. Overall, this review provides insights on improving photocatalytic NH3 production and designing solar-driven chemical conversions.

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