Effects of self-ligating and conventional brackets on halitosis and periodontal conditions

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate the effects of fixed orthodontic treatment with steel-ligated conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets on halitosis and periodontal health.Materials and Methods: Sixty patients, at the permanent dentition stage aged 12 to 18 years, who had Angle Class I malocclusion with mild-to-moderate crowding were randomly selected. Inclusion criteria were nonsmokers, without systematic disease, and no use of antibiotics and oral mouth rinses during the 2-month period before the study. The patients were subdivided into three groups randomly: the group treated with conventional brackets (group 1, n = 20) ligated with steel ligature wires, the group treated with self-ligating brackets (group 2, n = 20), and the control group (group 3, n = 20). The periodontal records were obtained 1 week before bonding (T1), immediately before bonding (T2), 1 week after bonding (T3), 4 weeks after bonding (T4), and 8 weeks after bonding (T5). Measurements of the control group were repeated within the same periods. The volatile sulfur components determining halitosis were measured with the Halimeter at T2, T3, T4, and T5. A two-way repeated measures of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the groups statistically.Results: No statistically significant group × time interactions were found for plaque index, gingival index, pocket depth, bleeding on probing, and halitosis, which means three independent groups change like each other by time. The risk of tongue coating index (TCI) being 2 was 10.2 times higher at T1 than at T5 (P < .001). Therefore, the probability of higher TCI was decreased by time in all groups.Conclusions: The self-ligating brackets do not have an advantage over conventional brackets with respect to periodontal status and halitosis.

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Comparative evaluation of postoperative pain intensity after single-visit and multiple-visit retreatment cases: a prospective randomized clinical trial

Brazilian Dental Science ◽

10.14295/bds.2018.v21i1.1515 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hatice Miray Uyan ◽

Keziban Olcay ◽

Mutlu Özcan

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Control Group ◽

Periapical Lesions ◽

Single Visit ◽

Group 4 ◽

Multiple Visit ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2

Objective: This study was designed to evaluate postoperative pain after endodontic retreatment. Material and Methods: Asymptomatic, multi-rooted molar & premolar teeth requiring retreatment with 2–5 mm periapical lesions were included. Seventy-eight teeth were randomly placed in four groups (n=20): single-visit (control, group 1), Ledermix (group 2), metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, minocycline mixture (group 3), calcium hydroxide (group 4). The postoperative pain was recorded using a VAS at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after retreatment. Statistical evaluation was performed using Two-Way Repeated Measures ANOVA and Tukey test. Results: Mild pain occurred in 67.5%, moderate in 30%, and flare-ups in 2.5%, and there was a significant difference between the groups (p<0.01). Significantly lower postoperative pain was observed in TAP and CaOH2 groups(p<0.05). In the 6, 12, and 24 h intervals, there was a significant difference in the pain levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: TAP and CaOH2 are effective for reducing postoperative pain after retreatment.KeywordsIntracanal medicaments; Multiple-visit; Postoperative pain; Retreatment; Single-visit.

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Evaluation of Serum Resistin Levels in Periodontal Health and Disease and Effects of Non Surgical Periodontal Therapy on Its Levels

Disease Markers ◽

10.1155/2012/153418 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 289-294 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Archana Devanoorkar ◽

C.D. Dwarakanath ◽

Gayatri Gundanavar ◽

Rahul Kathariya ◽

Sudhir R Patil

Keyword(s):

Statistical Significance ◽

Periodontal Therapy ◽

Control Group ◽

Periodontal Health ◽

Pocket Depth ◽

Clinical Attachment Loss ◽

Nonsurgical Periodontal Therapy ◽

Health And Disease ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Background: Resistin and adiponectin are the adipokines secreted by adipocytes and various inflammatory cells. These adipokines are known to play an important role in insulin resistance. The aim of this study was to determine the serum resistin levels in periodontal health and disease and also, to determine the effect of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on its levels.Methods: A total of 40 patients (20 Males and 20 Females; age range 20–50 years) participated in the study. Subjects were categorized as healthy (group 1; Controls) and chronic periodontitis (group 2; Study) groups based on their periodontal status. Periodontal parameters (Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), Bleeding index (BI), Probing pocket depth (PPD), Clinical attachment loss (CAL)) together with serum resistin levels were assessed at baseline and between 6–8 weeks following nonsurgical periodontal therapy for subjects in group~2 and only at baseline in group 1. Sera were tested in duplicate (single run), and the results were averaged.Results: Study group showed higher (1.89 ± 1.83 ng/ml) serum resistin levels, compared to control group (1.35 ± 0.70 ng/ml). However, this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.227). Also, resistin levels decreased following nonsurgical periodontal therapy but, this decrease failed to show any statistical significance, with pretreatment levels being 1.89 ± 1.83 ng/ml and post treatment levels being 1.59 ± 1.01 ng/ml (P=0.386).Conclusion: Observations of the present study revealed that there was not much difference in the serum resistin levels between the cases and the controls. Also the decrease in the resistin levels following nonsurgical periodontal therapy did not show any statistical significance.

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Effects of white vinegar on carbohydrate contents in hepatorenal tissues in rats.

Scientific Journal for Faculty of Science-Sirte University ◽

10.37375/sjfssu.v1i2.102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 7-11

Keyword(s):

Normal Control Group ◽

Small Concentration ◽

Female Rats ◽

Control Group ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

White Vinegar ◽

Carbohydrate Contents ◽

Control Group Group ◽

Group 1

White vinegar is mildly acidic with a pH of 2-3 that has long been used as a relish and traditional medication that depends on its concentration. Yet even a small amount of white vinegar in a small concentration may cause serious poisoning. Recently, many sorts of white vinegar have been developed using fundamental sources and technologies to satisfy customer needs. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of white vinegar on carbohydrate contents in hepatorenal tissues in rats. Thirty female rats were used, they were divided into three groups, group 1 was given distilled water as the normal control group, group 2 was given white vinegar with a dose (1 ml/kg (5 %)) and group 3 was given white vinegar with a dose (1 ml/kg (10 %)) for two weeks. PAS stain in all treated tissues showed a decrease in carbohydrate contents when compared with the control group. In conclusion, white vinegar consumption has adverse effects on carbohydrate contents in hepatic and renal tissues in rats, hence the quantity of white vinegar should be discouraged or reduced.

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10 POSTCERVICAL INSEMINATION OF SOWS WITH REDUCED SPERM NUMBERS IN FIELD CONDITIONS

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv21n1ab10 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 105

Author(s):

I. Hernandez-Caravaca ◽

M. J. Izquierdo-Rico ◽

F. A. Garcia-Vazquez

Keyword(s):

Field Conditions ◽

Control Group ◽

Reproductive Effects ◽

Catheter Tip ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

The Moment ◽

Production Industry ◽

Control Group Group ◽

Group 1

In the current procedures for AI in pigs, billions of spermatozoa are used (2.5–4.0 × 109 spermatozoa per insemination) in a large volume of liquid (70–100 mL), which is deposited in the cervix at the moment of AI. Approximately 90% of the spermatozoa inseminated cannot be recovered from the uterus at 2 h after AI (Viring S et al. 1980 Acta Vet. Scand. 21, 145–149). Several technical methods are used in the pig production industry for semen application using AI. To reduce the number of spermatozoa, several methods have been developed. The present study was performed to evaluate the reproductive effects under field conditions of postcervical AI (post-CAI) in southeast Spain with multiparous sows. In total, 509 sows were inseminated and divided in 3 groups: sows in the first group were inseminated using cervical AI (CAI, control group) with 3 × 109 spermatozoa in 80 mL of extender (group 1, n = 168); sows in the second group were inseminated by post-CAI using 1.5 × 109 spermatozoa in 40 mL of extender (group 2, n = 175); and sows in the third group were inseminated by post-CAI but using 1 × 109 spermatozoa in 26 mL of extender (group 3, n = 166). The catheter used for post-CAI consisted of a conventional AI catheter with an additional inner catheter that could extend past the catheter tip (Soft & Quick®, Import-Vet, Barcelona, Spain). Day 28 of pregnancy rates, farrowing rates, total pigs born, total live piglets, and stillborns were evaluated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. Pregnancy and farrowing rates after post-CAI with 1.5 × 109 or 1 × 109 spermatozoa did not differ from those of the control group (group 1: 87.50%; group 2: 88.57%; group 3: 86.14%; P = 0.367). The number of spermatozoa inseminated did not significantly affect the number of live (12.27 ± 4.99; 12.18 ± 5.20; 12.64 ± 5.31; P = 0.946) or stillborn pigs (1.60 ± 1.79; 1.80 ± 2.27; 1.78 ± 1.84; P = 0.386) or the total number of piglets born (13.87 ± 5.39; 14.02 ± 5.75; 14.42 ± 5.65; P = 0.865). The present study shows that post-CAI with a low number of sperm cells does not negatively influence the reproductive parameters of multiparous sows compared with conventional AI. In conclusion, post-CAI in sows is simple, effective, and safe, and allows the sperm dose to be reduced to one billion spermatozoa.

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Control of Puerperium in a Dairy Farm using an Intrauterine Suspension

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Veterinary Medicine ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:2020.0016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 78 (1) ◽

pp. 44

Author(s):

Daniel BEREAN ◽

Liviu Marian BOGDAN ◽

Ileana BOGDAN ◽

Ovidiu GIURGIU ◽

Anamaria Blaga PETREAN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Veterinary Medicine ◽

Estrous Cycle ◽

Dairy Farm ◽

Control Group ◽

Service Period ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

And Control ◽

Control Group Group ◽

Group 1

The purpose of this research was to evaluate a product developed at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Cluj Napoca and his efficiency in the control of the puerperium at cows. The study was carried out between January 2017 to December 2018 in a dairy farm from Mures county, Romania. In this study were enclosed 60 cows, randomly divided in 3 groups: Puerperal group (group 1), Puerperal and Estrumate group (group 2), and control group (group 3). For each group the treatment applied for the control of puerperium was different. For each group were followed: the evolution of puerperium, the appearance of the first postpartum estrous cycle, the interval of service period and the number of artificial inseminations necessary for one gestation. For the puerperium control and to avoid the postpartum complications Puerperal intrauterine suspension it’s a good option.

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Do alcoholic beverages interfere in the force of orthodontic elastics?

Revista de Odontologia da UNESP ◽

10.1590/rou.2014.026 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 43 (3) ◽

pp. 191-195 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Matheus Melo PITHON ◽

Jéssica Rocha BARRETTO ◽

Camilla Souza Santos ANDRADE ◽

Fernando Pereira de NOVAES ◽

Murilo de Novaes LUZ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alcoholic Beverages ◽

Control Group ◽

Distilled Water ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Group 4 ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Control Group Group ◽

Group 1

Objective: To evaluate the effects of different alcoholic beverages on the decline in force of orthodontic elastics. Material and method: In a laboratory study, 6 groups of alcoholic beverages were tested. Control group (Group 1) was composed of distilled water. Experimental groups were Whisky (Group 2), Brandy (Group 3), Vodka (Group 4), Beer (Group 5), Sugar Cane Spirit/Rum (Group 6), Wine (Group 7). In the experimental groups, templates were used to enable elastics to be submerged in the alcoholic beverages for 30 seconds once a day. Force was measured with a digital dynamometer in six different time intervals: baseline, 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. Result: There were no significant differences between the treatments in the time intervals: baseline, 7, 14 and 28 days. There were statistical differences between Group 7 and the others in the first 24 hours, and between Group 1 and the others after 21 days. After 28 days, there were no significant differences in the force pattern among all groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Alcoholic beverages had no influence on the decline in force of the chain elastics.

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Examination of Gastroesophageal Reflux by Transabdominal Ultrasound: Can a Slow, Trickling form of Reflux be Responsible for Reflux Esophagitis?

Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1155/2000/690605 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 588-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

László Madi-Szabo ◽

György Kocsis

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Test Meal ◽

Special Kind ◽

Control Group ◽

Lower Esophagus ◽

Transabdominal Ultrasonography ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Control Group Group ◽

Group 1

BACKGROUND: Ultrasound can visualize significant portions of the upper and lower esophagus; it is without any instrumental interference in real conditions and displays events in motion.PURPOSE: To study the events that occur during swallowing and gastroesophageal reflux.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Group 1 comprised 25 patients with retrosternal complaints, selected for esophageal surface ultrasonography for endoscopic signs of esophagitis. Group 2 comprised 25 patients who underwent initial transabdominal ultrasonography. For 3 to 6 h before ultrasonography, nothing was given by mouth to the 50 patients labelled as having gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Ultrasonography was then performed for 15 to 20 mins after drinking one mouthful of water or tea, or swallowing some saliva to provoke reflux. The events were recorded on videotape rolls. Endoscopy was carried out in all 50 cases; in 46 cases (21 and 25 from groups 1 and 2, respectively), gastric acidity and bacteriology were subsequently examined (test meal). Manometry and pH were not measured to avoid provocation of reflux by the instruments. Thirty patients without any esophageal complaints or signs of esophagitis (though suffering from gastric and duodenal diseases) were designated as the control group (group 3). The available results were compared.RESULTS: In 32 of 46 patients diagnosed with GERD (69.5% in groups 1 and 2), a special kind of reflux was observed by ultrasonography: a slow, trickling reflux of the gastric content was seen, mostly after swallowing. A fast clearance followed four to six episodes of the trickling reflux, only after an interval of 0.5 to 2 mins. Only fast refluxes and immediate clearance were observed in the control group.CONCLUSIONS: The observations above may indicate a special form of gastroesophageal reflux, namely, a slow, trickling form of it. It can be responsible for the development of GERD. Fast reflux and immediate clearance are common; however, this special trickling form was observed only in GERD patients. This may explain a number of often contradictory measurements and can make the effect of cisapride more understandable. A test meal is always necessary to distinguish a bilious reflux from an acidic one, because only the latter may require aggresive antacidic treatment.

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EFEK PEMBERIAN SEDUHAN SERBUK HERBA SELEDRI (Apium graviolens L.) TERHADAP KADAR ASAM URAT SERUM DARAH AYAM LEGHORN JANTAN HIPERURIKEMIA

Media Farmasi Indonesia ◽

10.53359/mfi.v16i1.172 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 1652-1657

Author(s):

Ani Kristiyani

Keyword(s):

Uric Acid ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Control Group ◽

Oxidase Enzyme ◽

Effective Doses ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Control Group Group

Apium graviolens L. is a medicinal plant that is useful for treating gout. Flavonoids are components of chemical compounds found in celery because they can work as antioxidants and inhibit the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme to form uric acid. This study aims to determine the effect of giving celery herb powder on the blood serum uric acid levels of hyperuricemia male leghorn chickens. This study used twenty-five male leghorn chickens which were randomly divided into 5 groups. All groups were made hyperuricemia by being given 100% chicken liver juice 5 mL/l kg BW once a day orally during treatment. Group 1 was given 0.5% CMC suspension solution as a negative control group. Group 2 was treated with allopurinol 14 mg/1.5 kg BW in CMC 0.5% as a positive control. Groups 3, 4, 5 received infusion of celery herb powder in the order of doses (0.6 g/1.5 kg BW), (1.2 g/1.5 kg BW), (1.8 g/1.5 kg BW). Examination of uric acid levels was carried out on days 0, 4, 8, 12. The results showed that steeping celery could reduce uric acid levels in proportion to the dose. The greater the dose given, the greater the decrease in uric acid levels. The dose of celery herb group 3 (1.8 g/1.5 kg BW) was the most effective doses because it had the same value as the positive control.

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Effects of Electroacupuncture and Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Treatments on Hormonal Changes in Anoestrous Sows

The American Journal of Chinese Medicine ◽

10.1142/s0192415x88000182 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 16 (03n04) ◽

pp. 117-126 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

J.H. Lin ◽

S.H. Liu ◽

W.W. Chan ◽

L.S. Wu ◽

W. P. Pi

Keyword(s):

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone ◽

Control Group ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Hormonal Changes ◽

Serum Progesterone ◽

Releasing Hormone ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Electroacupuncture Treatment ◽

Control Group Group

The therapeutric effects of acupuncture in treating reproductive disturbances of man and animals have been proven in the past is used clinically already. However, the mechanism of such therapy is not known yet. In this study, anoestrous sows were used to investigate the mechanism. Anoestrous sows with luteal ovaries were allocated to three groups. Four sows received electroacupuncture treatment at Pai-Hui and Wei-Ken (acupuncture treated group; group 1). Three sows received electroacupuncture treatment at Chiang-Feng and Chou-Shu (acupuncture control group; group 2). Four received 50 μg of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) intravenously (drug control group; group 3). The concentrations of luteinizing hormone, progesterone, oestradiol and cortisol in serum were measured by radioimmunoassay, Oestrus return was monitored during 14 days after treatment. At the end of this observation period, the number of animals returned to oestrus were 3, 1 and 1 in groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively. It suggests that only treatment with acupuncture at Pai-Hui and Wei-Ken had therapeutic effects in inducing oestrus. This finding is further supported by the changes of serum sex hormone concentrations. Serum LH concentrations decreased for about 2 hours after electro-acupuncture treatment both in groups 1 and 2, whereas those in group 3 increased sharply at 10 minutes, reached to a peak at 20 minutes and returned gradually to basal level between 4 and 6 hours after GnRH injection. Serum progesterone concentrations rose between 4 to 6 hours after treatment in groups 1 and 3 but not in group 2. Five sows become oestrus, showed a decreased progesterone level 2 days after treatments whereas the other six anoestrous sows did not. Oestradiol levels did not have meaningful changes during the blood sampling period of 5 to 7 days in these 3 groups. Cortisol levels elevated in 15 minutes after the electroacupuncture in groups 1 and 2. However, the increment of cortosol induced by the electroacupuncture was less than than induced by the first bleeding, indicating that the adrenal stimulation may not be the main reason of the therapeutic action. The results indicated that the electroacupuncture treatment and GnRH injection could after the release of LH from the pituitary in different ways but only electroacupuncture at Pai-Hui and Wei-Ken has a specific action on ovary and a signficant therapeutic effect. Therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture on reproductive disturbance may involve a synergism of somatic-ovary and uterus reflex and central nervous-endocrine system (the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovary axis).

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The Effect of the Plane of Nutrition on Parasitism by Ostertagia spp. in the Lactating Ewe

Journal of Helminthology ◽

10.1017/s0022149x00007069 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 45 (2-3) ◽

pp. 177-187 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. M. Connan

Keyword(s):

Control Group ◽

Protein Depletion ◽

Full Diet ◽

Suppressant Effect ◽

Secondary Factor ◽

Group 3 ◽

Resistance To Infection ◽

Group 2 ◽

Control Group Group ◽

Group 1

The resistance to infection by Ostertagia spp. of three groups of lactating ewes was compared with an unbred control group. Group 1 was fed a full diet of hay and a concentrate ration ad lib. Groups 2 and 3 were fed the same quantitatively inadequate diet and in addition group 3 received daily injections of thyroxine sodium. All the animals were infected regularly with Ostertagia larvae and killed 6 weeks after lambing.While the unbred sheep were highly resistant, all three groups of lactating ewes carried significant numbers of worms. Group 2 and 3 had significantly more than group 1, the additional worms being present as adults. The effect of hyperthyroidism in group 3 was not significant.It is concluded that the immuno-suppressant effect of lactation is probably not due to protein depletion although the latter may be an important secondary factor.

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