scholarly journals Extracellular Matrix Protects Pancreatic  -Cells Against Apoptosis: Role of Short- and Long-Term Signaling Pathways

Diabetes ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 2034-2041 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Hammar ◽  
G. Parnaud ◽  
D. Bosco ◽  
N. Perriraz ◽  
K. Maedler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Pancreatic Cells ◽  
Short And Long Term

The Role of Ecopedological Parameters in Management Sustainability of Banat Lands

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 688-692
Author(s):  
Lucian Nita ◽  
Dorin Tarau ◽  
Gheorghe Rogobete ◽  
Simona Nita ◽  
Radu Bertici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrition ◽  
Physical State ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
South West ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Case Basis

The issue addressed relates to an area of 1891694 ha of which 1183343 ha are agricultural land (62, 56) located in the south-west of Romania and refer to the use of soil chemical and physical properties as an acceptor for certain crop systems, with minimal undesirable effects both for plants to be grown, as well as soil characteristics and groundwater surface quality. It is therefore necessary on a case-by-case basis, measure stoc or rect the acidic reaction by periodic or alkaline calculations, the improvement of plant nutrition conditions through ameliorative fertilization and the application of measures to improve the physical state, sufficient justification for the need to develop short and long term strategies for the protection and conservation of edifying factors and the need to respect the frequency of field and laboratory investigations at all 8x8 km grids of the National Soil-Grounds Monitoring System (organized by I.C.P.A.) and completing it with the relevant pedological and agrochemical studies.

Considering a Potential Role of Linalool as a Mood Stabilizer for Bipolar Disorder

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (40) ◽  
pp. 5128-5133
Author(s):  
Kate Levenberg ◽  
Wade Edris ◽  
Martha Levine ◽  
Daniel R. George
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Mood Stabilizer ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Bipolar Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Short And Long Term

Epidemiologic studies suggest that the lifetime prevalence of bipolar spectrum disorders ranges from 2.8 to 6.5 percent of the population. To decrease morbidity and mortality associated with disease progression, pharmacologic intervention is indicated for the majority of these patients. While a number of effective treatment regimens exist, many conventional medications have significant side effect profiles that adversely impact patients’ short and long-term well-being. It is thus important to continue advancing and improving therapeutic options available to patients. This paper reviews the limitations of current treatments and examines the chemical compound Linalool, an alcohol found in many plant species, that may serve as an effective mood stabilizer. While relatively little is known about Linalool and bipolar disorder, the compound has been shown to have antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, anti-depressive, and neurotrophic effects, with mechanisms that are comparable to current bipolar disorder treatment options.

Creativity in Sociocultural Systems

2019 ◽  
pp. 269-284
Author(s):  
Dean Keith Simonton
Keyword(s):  
Macro Level ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Creative Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Sociocultural Systems

Although psychologists typically see creativity as an individual-level event, sociologists and cultural anthropologists are more likely to view it as a sociocultural phenomenon. This phenomenon takes place at the level of relatively large and enduring collectives, such as cultures, nations, and even whole civilizations. This chapter reviews the extensive research on such macro-level creativity. The review begins with a historical overview before turning to the cross-sectional research on the creative Ortgeist, a subject that encompasses the factors that influence the relative creativity of both preliterate cultures and entire modern nations. From there the chapter turns to role of the Zeitgeist in affecting the creativity of civilizations across time—the rise and fall of creative activity. This research examines both quantitative and qualitative causes that operate both short- and long-term.

scholarly journals When a Neonate Is Born, So Is a Microbiota

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 148
Author(s):  
Alessandra Coscia ◽  
Flaminia Bardanzellu ◽  
Elisa Caboni ◽  
Vassilios Fanos ◽  
Diego Giampietro Peroni
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Techniques ◽  
Neonatal Nutrition ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

In recent years, the role of human microbiota as a short- and long-term health promoter and modulator has been affirmed and progressively strengthened. In the course of one’s life, each subject is colonized by a great number of bacteria, which constitute its specific and individual microbiota. Human bacterial colonization starts during fetal life, in opposition to the previous paradigm of the “sterile womb”. Placenta, amniotic fluid, cord blood and fetal tissues each have their own specific microbiota, influenced by maternal health and habits and having a decisive influence on pregnancy outcome and offspring outcome. The maternal microbiota, especially that colonizing the genital system, starts to influence the outcome of pregnancy already before conception, modulating fertility and the success rate of fertilization, even in the case of assisted reproduction techniques. During the perinatal period, neonatal microbiota seems influenced by delivery mode, drug administration and many other conditions. Special attention must be reserved for early neonatal nutrition, because breastfeeding allows the transmission of a specific and unique lactobiome able to modulate and positively affect the neonatal gut microbiota. Our narrative review aims to investigate the currently identified pre- and peri-natal factors influencing neonatal microbiota, before conception, during pregnancy, pre- and post-delivery, since the early microbiota influences the whole life of each subject.

scholarly journals A Rational Evaluation of the Syncope Patient: Optimizing the Emergency Department Visit

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 514
Author(s):  
Tarek Hatoum ◽  
Robert S. Sheldon
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Diagnostic Yield ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Emergency Department Visits ◽  
Decision Tools ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Structured Approach

Syncope accounts for up to 2% of emergency department visits and results in the hospitalization of 12–86% of patients. There is often a low diagnostic yield, with up to 50% of hospitalized patients being discharged with no clear diagnosis. We will outline a structured approach to the syncope patient in the emergency department, highlighting the evidence supporting the role of clinical judgement and the initial electrocardiogram (ECG) in making the preliminary diagnosis and in safely identifying the patients at low risk of short- and long-term adverse events or admitting the patient if likely to benefit from urgent intervention. Clinical decision tools and additional testing may aid in further stratifying patients and may guide disposition. While hospital admission does not seem to offer additional mortality benefit, the efficient utilization of outpatient testing may provide similar diagnostic yield, preventing unnecessary hospitalizations.

scholarly journals Intracellular Ca2+ Release and Synaptic Plasticity: A Tale of Many Stores

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Padamsey ◽  
William J. Foster ◽  
Nigel J. Emptage
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Synaptic Plasticity ◽  
Synaptic Function ◽  
Intracellular Organelles ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Central Synapses ◽  
Neural Signaling ◽  
Temporal Extent

Ca2+ is an essential trigger for most forms of synaptic plasticity. Ca2+ signaling occurs not only by Ca2+ entry via plasma membrane channels but also via Ca2+ signals generated by intracellular organelles. These organelles, by dynamically regulating the spatial and temporal extent of Ca2+ elevations within neurons, play a pivotal role in determining the downstream consequences of neural signaling on synaptic function. Here, we review the role of three major intracellular stores: the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and acidic Ca2+ stores, such as lysosomes, in neuronal Ca2+ signaling and plasticity. We provide a comprehensive account of how Ca2+ release from these stores regulates short- and long-term plasticity at the pre- and postsynaptic terminals of central synapses.

scholarly journals The Developmental Role of Serotonin: A Comparison of Short- and Long-term Blockade of the Serotonin Transporter on Behavioural Outcomes in Adulthood

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Amy O'Connell
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Serotonin Transporter ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Fluoxetine Treatment ◽  
Short And Long Term

<p>Serotonin is an important neurotransmitter that regulates a range of processes within the brain and is implicated in several psychiatric disorders. In addition, serotonin acts as a developmental signal during critical periods of prenatal development, influencing processes such as neuronal proliferation, migration, and synaptogenesis (Gaspar et al., 2003). The serotonin transporter (5- HTT) plays a key role in regulating extracellular serotonin levels and is the main target of selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), a class of drugs that have anti-anxiety and anti- depressive activity. SSRIs cause an acute increase in extracellular serotonin and are commonly prescribed as a treatment for depression and anxiety during pregnancy (Tran & Robb, 2015). Given that these drugs alter serotonin transmission and can pass to the developing fetus via the placenta, it is vital that the outcomes of prenatal SSRI exposure are investigated. In humans, a genetic variant of the gene that codes for the 5-HTT (SLC6A4) has been linked to increased risk for developing depression and anxiety (Caspi et al., 2003). The functional consequences of this genetic polymorphism are life-long alterations in 5-HTT activity, resulting in increased extracellular levels of serotonin (Nakamura et al., 2000). Given prenatal SSRI exposure results in a time-locked blockade of 5-HTT during critical periods of development, it follows that alterations in serotonin during development might similarly result in enhanced risk for depression and anxiety later in life. Outcomes in children prenatally exposed to SSRIs are difficult to study due to confounds of pre- existing maternal depression. Therefore, the current thesis presents two experiments that aimed to further investigate the role of altered extracellular serotonin levels during development in an animal model. Experiment one aimed to develop a method of voluntary oral administration of the SSRI fluoxetine to pregnant rat dams. This method was then applied in experiment two to create a time-locked blockade of 5-HTT during critical periods of development in an animal model of life-long 5-HTT blockade. The aim of experiment two was to directly assess the contribution of short- and long-term 5-HTT blockade on anxiety and depression phenotypes in adult male offspring. In addition, maternal behaviour was assessed to determine whether fluoxetine treatment had an influence on mother-pup interactions that could confound results. To test for anxiety and depression phenotypes, the novel affective disorder test (ADT) was used to assess anxiety behaviour and the deficits in anticipatory pleasure indicative of anhedonia. In the current study, fluoxetine treatment did not have an effect on litter outcomes or mother-pup interactions. Crucially, no significant group differences were found indicating that neither short- nor long- term blockade of 5-HTT resulted in increased anxiety- or depressive-like behaviours in the current experiment. However, limitations with methodological design limit the translatability of these results to the broader literature, and validation of the ADT is required before these results can be generalised beyond this thesis.</p>

Surgical Management of the Urinary Tract for the Prune-Belly (Triad) Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Prune Belly Syndrome ◽  
Ureteral Reconstruction ◽  
Prune Belly ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Vascular Preservation ◽  
Urinary Reconstruction

Urinary reconstruction is tempting based on the impressive abnormal findings that are revealed on imaging. The abnormal appearance of the urinary system by itself is not enough to warrant reconstruction. Reconstruction should only be undertaken when there is clear clinical evidence that stagnant urine leads to urinary tract infections and/or obstruction that is associated with renal compromise. This chapter describes temporary and permanent upper and lower urinary reconstructions. Particular consideration is given to the pathophysiology of prune belly syndrome and the disproportionate dilation and dysfunction of the distal ureter when undertaking ureteral remodeling. The techniques of ureteral folding and formal excisional ureteral tapering are described stressing the importance of vascular preservation. The role of reduction cystoplasty is placed in perspective of short- and long-term benefits. This review contains 18 references. Key Words: Eagle-Barrett syndrome, megacystis, megaureter, prune-belly syndrome, tapered ureteral reimplant, triad syndrome, ureteral reconstruction, urinary diversion, bladder reduction.

Glucocorticosteroids effects on brain development in the preterm infants: a role for microglia?

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zinni Manuela ◽  
Pansiot Julien ◽  
Elodie Billion ◽  
Baud Olivier ◽  
Mairesse Jérôme
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Impairment ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Abnormal Brain

: Prematurity, observed in 15 million births worldwide each year, is a clinical condition that is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in short and long term. Preterm infants are at high risk for developing respiratory problems, sepsis, and other morbidities leading to neurodevelopmental impairment and neurobehavioral disorders. Perinatal glucocorticosteroids have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of adverse outcomes linked to prematurity. However, despite their shortterm benefits due to their maturational properties, some clinical trials have shown an association between steroids exposure and abnormal brain development in infants born preterm. Neuroinflammation has emerged as a preeminent factor for brain injury in preterm infants, and the major role of microglia, the brain resident immune cells, has been recently highlighted. Considering the role of microglia in the modulation of brain development, the aim of this review is to summarize the effects of endogenous and exogenous glucocorticosteroids on brain development and discuss the possible role of microglia as a mediator of these effects.

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