scholarly journals THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF COASTAL DAGESTAN IN DEVELOPING CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC COOPERATION OF RUSSIA AND IRAN

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.И. Мусаева
Keyword(s):  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Persian Language ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Trade Route ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Economic Ties

Иран и Дагестан издавна связывали активно развивающиеся взаимовыгодные торгово-экономические связи, исследование которых актуализировано современными тенденциями развития регионального сотрудничества субъектов РФ с Ираном. Настоящее исследование посвящено изучению исторического опыта взаимодействия, в ходе которого выявляются торгово-экономические, политические и культурные контакты народов Дагестана и Ирана, сложившиеся со времен существования Мидийского государства, державы Ахеменидов и Кавказской Албании. О наличии довольно тесных взаимовыгодных связей между народами России, Приморского Дагестана и Ирана свидетельствуют археологические и нумизматические материалы, обнаруженные на территории Дагестана, письменные источники, которые подтверждают существование таких контактов на протяжении длительного периода. В статье предпринимается попытка исследования торгово-экономических и военно-политических взаимоотношений и культурных связей народов Дагестана и Ирана, начиная с эпохи правления Сасанидов, когда последние привлекали местную дагестанскую знать со своими вооруженными подразделениями в качестве союзников к охране северных границ Дербентского прохода. После завершения строительства оборонительных сооружений Дербентской крепости на территорию южного Дагестана были переселены представители ряда иранских этносов, которые вместе с воинами- стражниками стали надежной военно-служилой и гражданской прослойкой на границах империи. В результате тесного взаимодействия иранцев с местным населением произошло распространение на территории южного Дагестана персидского языка, литературы и элементов зороастризма. Исследованы важнейшие торговые пути, проходившие через Дербент и Приморский Дагестан Великий шелковый путь, на котором Дербент выполнял важную контрольную миссию, создание выгодных условий налогообложения караванов, приносивших большие доходы народам Ирана и Приморского Дагестана. Выявлена значимость Волжско-Каспийского торгового пути как фактора интенсивных торгово-экономических контактов народов России и Ирана. Iran and Dagestan have long been linked by dynamically developing and mutually beneficial trade and economic ties, the study of which is updated by current trends in the development of regional cooperation between the subjects of the Russian Federation and Iran. The present research is devoted to the study of the historical experience of interaction, during which the trade, economic, political and cultural contacts of the peoples of Dagestan and Iran were established since the existence of the Median state, the Achaemenid state and Caucasian Albania. The existence of rather close mutually beneficial relations between the peoples of Russia, Seaside Dagestan and Iran is evidenced by archaeological and numismatic materials discovered in Dagestan, written sources that confirm the existence of such contacts over a long period. The article attempts to study the trade, economic and military-political relations and cultural ties of the peoples of Dagestan and Iran, starting from the era of the Sassanids, when the latter attracted the local Dagestan nobility with their armed units as allies to protect the northern borders the Derbent Pass. After the construction of the defensive structures of the Derbent Fortress had been completed, representatives of a number of Iranian ethnic groups were resettled on the territory of southern Dagestan, which, together with the guards formed a reliable military and civilian stratum on the borders of the empire. As a result of the close interaction of the Iranians with the local population, the Persian language, literature, and elements of Zoroastrianism spread in Southern Dagestan. The article highlights the most important trade routes passing through Derbent and Seaside Dagestan the Great Silk Road, where Derbent performed an important control mission, creating favorable conditions for the taxation of caravans that brought great incomes to the peoples of Iran and Seaside Dagestan. The significance of the Volga-Caspian trade route as a factor in intensive trade and economic contacts between the peoples of Russia and Iran is revealed.

scholarly journals Trade Correspondence between Kumyk Feudal Lords with the Russian Military Administration in the Caucasus in the 1740’s–1760’s (Based on the Materials of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 881-889
Author(s):  
M.-P. B. Abdusalamov
Keyword(s):  
Local Population ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Military Administration ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The City

The research was based on the documents of funds 339 "Campaign Office of Lieutenant General A. P. Devits" and 379 "Kizlyar commandant". The documents were obtained from the Central State Archive of the Republic of Dagestan. The paper focuses on the trade correspondence between Kumyk rulers with the Russian military authorities in the Caucasus in the 1740’s–1760’s. The documents of the Campaign Office of Lieutenant General A. P. Devits and the Kizlyar curfew archive illustrate that the trade and economic ties between the Kumyks and Russia grew quite intensive by the middle of the XVIII century. Most part of the material has never been studied before. Kumyk rulers were interested in trade with the city of Kizlyar, as well as other Russian cities. The subsistence economy of Kumykia could not fully provide for the growing domestic needs of the local population, e.g. industrial products. According to their letters to the Kizlyar commandants, the Kumyk rulers sought to create favorable conditions for the local merchants – savdagars – in order to protect them from highway robberies. The gradual integration of the Kumyk lands into the all-Russian market contributed to their economic growth and the development of the productive forces in the region. At the same time, the trade was mutually beneficial. The savdagars imported raw silk, madder, and cotton, which were important for the development of domestic Russian industry.

scholarly journals TOPICAL ISSUES OF ASSESSING RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF TERRITORY WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Elena O. Ushakova ◽  
Alexey V. Dubrovsky ◽  
Natalia S. Menshikh
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Territorial Planning ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Recreational Services ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Methodological Approaches

This study is related to the analysis of the features of assessing the recreational potential of the territory within the framework of the concept of sustainable development and identifying factors that affect the recreational potential and investment attractiveness of land for the organization of recreational activities and tourism. The approaches to the assessment of the recreational potential of the territory are systematized, the factors influencing the investment attractiveness of land plots for the construction of recreational facilities are identified. Based on the current trends in the development of recreation and tourism in the Russian Federation, formed during the period of restrictions caused by the coronovirus pandemic in 2020-2021, recommendations are proposed for improving methodological approaches to assessing the recreational potential and its use for territorial planning of municipalities. When conducting the assessment, it is important to take into account not only the natural prerequisites for the development of recreational activities, such as the climate and natural resource potential, but also the needs of the local population for recreation and recreation. The assessment of the recreational potential, conducted in accordance with the principles of sustainable development, expands the possibilities of using the natural resources of local territories for various types of tourism and recreational activities, which in turn can positively affect the sectoral structure of the economy, the level of socio-economic development of the region, meeting the needs of the local population in tourist and recreational services, reducing social tension in society and reducing morbidity among the population, increasing life expectancy.

The Mechanism Of Implementation Of The Constitution Of The Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
pp. 36-51
Author(s):  
Anatolii Yugov ◽  
Sergey Belykh
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Legal Document ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Scientific Ideas ◽  
Rational Mechanism

The Constitution, as the main universal and comprehensive legal document, establishes fundamental principles and defines the legal basis for development of public and state life in all politically significant spheres, serves as a guarantor of legitimacy and order, gives a boost to the development of society. The special political and legal nature of the constitution, the issues of its operation and the mechanism of its implementation are of great importance. In accordance to the authors’ approach, the mechanism of implementation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation includes the following components: 1) entry of the constitution into legal force; 2) its functions; 3) constitutional algorithm of unity and differentiation of public authority; 4) forms of implementation; 5) ways of implementation; 6) subjects of implementation; 7) objects of implementation; 8) institutions for modernization; 9) guarantees of implementation. The authors conclude that the modern scientific ideas of a rational mechanism of implementation of the Constitution of the Russian Federation contribute to solving the issues of economic and cultural development of the Russian society, help creating favorable conditions for proper law enforcement, strengthening legitimacy and order.

Increasing the level of economic security of Russia in the conditions of digital transformation of the economy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.Kh. Zoidov ◽  
◽  
A.A. Medkov ◽  
A.Sh. Kadyrbayev ◽  
M.M. Chernyshov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Western Asia

The monograph provides a system of arguments that prove, based on the application of a historical approach, that the routing and filling of trade routes with cargo flows, the implementation of current infrastructure and integration projects are due not only to economic, but also political and military-strategic considerations. The results of historical research are given, according to which the Great silk road was not a specific route, not several routes, or even a transport and trade network, but, first of all, an entire political, military-strategic, social, economic, cultural and religious space, concentrated in certain points (centers). New results of constructing the theoretical base of the transit economy (TE) in terms of identifying the geopolitical base and directions of its functioning are presented. It is shown that Russia's priority in the Central Asian countries is not so much economic interests as political activity and the development of fuel and energy complex and the growth of the country's foreign policy weight and capabilities in global and regional cooperation are interrelated. The role of geopolitical and military-strategic considerations in Russia's relations with China, India, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Syria is revealed. It is proved that the basis for expanding Russia's influence in Central and Western Asia should be the development and implementation of joint regional infrastructure integration projects and their integration with global initiatives. Special attention is paid to the identification and analysis of positive and negative geopolitical results of digitalization of trade routes, scaling up the use of information technologies in the implementation of infrastructure and integration projects in Russia and in the space of Global Eurasia. It is shown that a large role in the implementation of Russian interests is played by solving the problems of generating, distributing and assigning revenues from the implementation of infrastructure and integration projects, forming nodes for creating added value in the conditions of creating and implementing intelligent transport systems. The monograph is intended for managers and specialists of public administration and corporate management, researchers, politicians, postgraduates and students.

Visitors to Leuke Island

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-267
Author(s):  
Mikhail Abramzon ◽  
Irina Tunkina
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Meeting Point ◽  
Magna Graecia ◽  
Classical World ◽  
New Information ◽  
Economic Ties

Abstract This article is the publication of the plates compiled by N.N. Murzakevich, secretary of the Odessa Society for History and Antiquities. It contains tracings of 241 Classical coins and lists of coin finds from the island of Fidonisi (known as Leuke in antiquity), which had been excavated in the 1840s and early 1850s. Recent data have led to a doubling of the list of Greek centres (up to 202) and the rulers of a number of states and peoples, whose coins made their way to the island. Details of these finds and the dates of the emissions illustrate clearly the development and chronological framework of the religious and economic ties between the northern coast of Pontus with the various regions of the Classical oikumene. The geographical range of the coin finds (from Magna Graecia, Sicily and the Levant to the Aegean, the Balkans, the Pontic region and Asia and as far away as Mesopotamia) demonstrates that the sanctuary of Achilles on the island of Leuke situated at a meeting point of Black Sea trade routes, enjoyed enormous popularity in the Classical world. The publication of these plates compiled by N.N. Murzakevich makes available new information on the maritime trade in the Pontus area between the 5th century BC and the 5th century AD.

In the Search of an Appropriate Legal Framework to Prevent Environmental Risks Caused by Navigation in the Black Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 194-230
Author(s):  
Gabriela A. Oanta
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Marine Pollution ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Environmental Risks ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
International Responsibility ◽  
The One

This article addresses the legal framework pertaining to navigation in the Black Sea (including the Turkish Straits System) – which is currently one of the busiest trade routes globally – and its implications for the protection and preservation of the marine environment in this region. This framework is a comprehensive and complex system that is based, on the one hand, upon norms established by different global diplomatic conferences and international organizations that are therefore also applicable to the Black Sea and its coastal States; on the other hand, the regional cooperation fora for the Black Sea have also created specific standards for the region. In addition, the implications of the delimitation of maritime areas in the Black Sea and the international responsibility of States in the field of marine pollution caused by navigation will also be examined.

scholarly journals Tools of Interregional Cooperation in the Public Administration System

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-282
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Klimanov ◽  
Sofia M. Kazakova ◽  
Vita A. Yagovkina
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Public Procurement ◽  
Financial Assessment ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
Interregional Cooperation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation ◽  
Regional Authorities ◽  
High Degree

Introduction. The development of modern Russia is characterized by a high degree of differentiation in the level of socio-economic development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Interregional cooperation is one of the tools to overcome this differentiation. Although new forms of such cooperation have been emerging, its potential remains underestimated. The purpose of the study is to analyze the existing and prospective forms of cooperation between the regions of Russia. Materials and Methods. The study based on a structural and substantive analysis of regulatory legal acts of the federal and regional levels, as well as on strategic planning documents, various forms of budget reporting, bilateral and multilateral agreements between the constituent entities of the Russian Federation aimed at identifying various areas, tools and mechanisms for ensuring interregional cooperation. Results. The authors have considered the tools of interregional cooperation that involve direct financial participation of regional authorities or economic entities. The role and prospects of horizontal subsidies and budget loans provided by one region to another have been identified, their legal and regulatory justification has been given; a financial assessment has been made, and the identified practices have been analyzed. In terms of the implementation of public procurement from suppliers based in other regions, the authors have estimated the degree of how closed or open the constituent entities of the Russian Federation are. Discussion and Conclusion. The authors have confirmed the idea that interregional cooperation in Russia is still underdeveloped and lacks legislative and scientific-methodological justification. The authors also assess the prospects for further development of interregional cooperation in Russia and suggest a number of measures to promote it. The results of the study can be used in the interests of the authorities to improve the system of regulation of various mechanisms of regional cooperation, as well as to develop the scientific potential in this area.

scholarly journals The Causality of Deviation from the Optimal Parameters of a Regional Demographic System

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5559-5564
Keyword(s):  
Birth Rate ◽  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Optimal Parameters ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Demographic Behavior ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Economic Well Being

This study is based on the identification of causal relationships that determine the current trends in the demographic system of the regions of the Russian Federation. The achievement of optimal parameters of the demographic system is a factor in the implementation of the principle of sustainable development of territories. Demographic behavior is explained from the perspective of an institutional approach and is defined as a reaction and adaptation to changes in the institutional environment. From the standpoint of determinism, the response of the demographic system can be defined as a consequence and causality as the influence of the institutional environment. An attempt to formalize conclusions about the influence of the institutional environment on the demographic parameters of the territory and the application of mathematical research methods have allowed the authors to conclude that the economic well-being of the population was the dominant factor in the increase of the birth rate.

scholarly journals The results of snap analysis of gender sensitivity of the Russian legislative acts (December 2018 – March 2021) in the context of feminization of migration

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Svetlana Mikhailovna Popova
Keyword(s):  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Health Needs ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Migrant Woman ◽  
Migrant Women ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Russian Law ◽  
Feminization Of Migration ◽  
Favorable Conditions

Women comprise nearly half of world’s migration. They are particularly vulnerable, thus their rights, interests, and special needs must be protected. In the period from 2016 to 2018, the Russian Federation has become one of the active participants in the development of international acts on refugees and migrants, which contain provisions aimed at feminization of migration related issues. These acts are not legally binding; however, Russia along with other countries that have joined this initiative, conducts the activity on implementation of internationally ratified principles into the national legislation. The article provides the results of snap analysis of the federal acts adopted in the period of December 2018 – March 2021, which was performed for pilot assessment of the current state of Russian law from the perspective of gender sensitivity and presence of favorable conditions for solution of the problems pertaining to feminization of migration. It was essential to understand whether the effective normative legal acts “see” a migrant woman as a special legal phenomenon, and which specific characteristics and needs of women are reflected in these acts. The conclusion is made that the Russian legislation is currently of gender neutral nature. Other than a range of documents related to implementation of the National Strategy for Women 2017 – 2022, the gender sensitivity of federal acts is generally low. The documents included into sampling, for the most part reflect the specific biological characteristics of women, which determine their health needs, as well as the need for targeted social support due to childbirth and maternity leave. The analyzed international acts have a broader outlook upon the characteristics and needs of women in general and migrant women in particular than the Russian legislation (other than the National Strategy for Women).

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