Multi-morbidity using General Practice drug chapters and the relationship with secondary healthcare utilisation in Wales, UK

IntroductionMulti-morbidity and polypharmacy are increasing but are under investigated. Data linkage has much to offer in understanding trends in prevalence, inter-relationships between variables and impact on healthcare activity. We created Welsh population e-cohorts in 2000 and 2014 to study these issues, using the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. Objectives and ApproachThe aim of this study was to measure changing prevalences of multimorbidity, initially through disease chapter prescribing and then to explore the relationship between the number of morbidities recorded in primary care and use of different hospital based outpatient services. Data linkage was used to create cohorts of Welsh residents registered to SAIL providing General Practices (GPs) for at least 360 days in 2000 and 2014. The 13 Read code drug chapters were used to calculate morbidity scores between 0 and 13. Proportional odds or cumulative logit models were used to relate GP recorded morbidities to outpatient attendance patterns. ResultsThe GP cohorts included 1.6 million and 2.1 million population with 56.6% and 73.4% having at least one recorded morbidity for 2000 and 2014 respectively. In 2014, 5+ morbidities were most prevalent (61.3%) in 85+ year olds and least common (2.7%) in 5-9 year olds. Some 35% of individuals attended at least one outpatient specialty in 2014, varying from 22.4% for 5-9 year olds and 63.2% for 80-84 year olds. Preliminary modelling results show the number of GP recorded morbidity chapters was strongly related to increasing outpatient attendances at different specialties, e.g. OR 15.3 (95%CI: 15.1-15.4) of being in a higher outpatient attendance category for the 5+ morbidity group relative to the zero morbidity group. Increasing age and female gender were associated with increased numbers of specialists attended whilst deprivation had a more modest impact. Conclusion/ImplicationsThere has been a large increase in recorded multimorbidity across all age groups in Wales. In this exploratory cross-sectional design, multimorbidity was strongly related to increasing use of outpatient services. Further work is ongoing to define and utilise more refined multimorbidity metrics and incorporate longitudinal designs in analysis.

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6-n-Propylthiouracil sensitivity and obesity status among ethnically diverse children

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980009993004 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 13 (10) ◽

pp. 1587-1592 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Janice C Baranowski ◽

Tom Baranowski ◽

Alicia Beltran ◽

Kathy B Watson ◽

Russell Jago ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Economic Status ◽

Age Groups ◽

Ethnically Diverse ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obesity Status ◽

Interaction Term ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Minority Ethnic

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the relationship of 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) sensitivity to BMI while statistically controlling for demographic characteristics in two age groups of children: 9–10 years and 17–18 years (n 1551).DesignCross-sectional design with a multi-ethnic (White, African-American, Hispanic, Other) sample of 813 children aged 9–10 years and 738 children aged 17–18 years. Children were recruited from local elementary and high schools with at least 30 % minority ethnic enrolment. Children’s height, weight and waist circumference were measured along with their PROP taster status. PROP was measured using two paper discs, one impregnated with NaCl (1·0 mol/l) and the other with PROP solution (0·50 mmol/l).ResultsA significant PROP sensitivity by socio-economic status (SES) interaction term (P = 0·010) was detected wherein supertasters had the largest BMI percentile and Z-score, but only among the group with highest SES.ConclusionsThe results suggest that other factors overwhelmed the influence of PROP sensitivity on adiposity in lower-SES groups. The percentage of variance accounted for by the interaction term was about 1 %. Thus, PROP supertasters had the largest BMI percentile and Z-score, but only among the highest-SES group.

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Female gender and knowing a person positive for COVID-19 significantly increases fear levels in the Cuban population

10.1101/2021.03.14.21253561 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Yunier Broche-Perez ◽

Zoylen Fernandez-Fleites ◽

Evelyn Fernandez-Castillo ◽

Elizabeth Jimenez-Puig ◽

Dunia M Ferrer-Lozano ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Female Gender ◽

Sociodemographic Factors ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

The Relationship ◽

Cuban Population

The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between sociodemographic factors and fear of COVID-19 in a Cuban population. A web-based study with a cross-sectional design was conducted. The sample comprised 1145 participants. To explore fear, the Fear of COVID-19 Scale was used. Our results suggest that women were more likely to experience medium to high levels fear compared to men. Additionally, knowing a person positive to COVID-19 significantly increases fear levels in Cuban participants.

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Prevalence of Haemonchus contortus in Goats of Western Chitwan of Nepal

International Journal of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/ijasbt.v5i3.18268 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 321-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kashyap Adhikari ◽

Hari Bahadur Rana ◽

Krishna Kaphle ◽

Tanka Khanal ◽

Rabin Raut

Keyword(s):

Health Status ◽

Haemonchus Contortus ◽

Age Groups ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Total Prevalence ◽

Medium Level ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

The Relationship

The research was done in cross sectional design to study about the prevalence of Haemonchus contortus in goats of Western Chitwan of Nepal. A total of 252 fecal samples were collected through purposive sampling. Fecal samples were examined through sedimentation and floatation method. Egg per gram (EPG) was calculated through Mac Master Counting Technique of positive samples. Total prevalence was found to be 13.89%. Infection of parasite was more prevalent in males (15.18%) than in female (12.86%) but was statistically non-significant (P>0.05). In non-dewormed goats (40.32%), the prevalence was significantly (P<0.05) higher than in dewormed goats (5.26%). The results regarding the relationship between different age groups of goats and H. contortus showed that highest prevalence (14.54%) of parasite was observed in age group of below 1 year and the lowest (12.96%) in age group of above 2 year, statistically non-significant (P>0.05). Maximum goats were found with medium level of infestation through EPG. This study shows higher prevalence of Haemonchus in non-dewormed than in dewormed goats which is statistically significant at (P<0.05). Thus, effective deworming programme and management must be maintained in order to upgrade the health status and maximize the benefits from the animal.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(3): 321-325

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Knowledge about stroke among adults in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20194194 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 3632

Author(s):

Rami A. Karkout ◽

Omar Shamaa ◽

Sara T. Al Ammour ◽

Rana S. Abd Elmaged ◽

Lujain A. Al Kassar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

United Arab Emirates ◽

Age Groups ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Female Gender ◽

Visual Disturbance ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Awareness Programs ◽

Cross Sectional Design

Background: In UAE, stroke is the second leading cause of disability after RTA, where annually 8,000 to 10,000 patients get a stroke. Our aim is to identify the knowledge levels of stroke among Sharjah’s adult citizens.Methods: Using self-administered questionnaires, in a cross-sectional design, a non-probability convenience sampling method was used to enrol subjects. Eligible subjects were above 18 years of age, comprehended Arabic or English, and are currently residing in Sharjah. The questionnaire was 17 questions structured in 5 sections which included: demographics, general knowledge, knowledge of signs and symptoms, risk factors, and appropriate response towards stroke. SPSS V.22 was used to analyse the data. Percentages, means, and ANOVA were used. A P-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: The study included 426 subjects, mean age was 35.1 years, 65.2% were females. 51.8% of the subjects claimed they know what stroke is, out of whom 24.3% provided incorrect descriptions. The mean knowledge level of signs and symptoms was 55.4%, and of risk factors was 40.6%. Visual disturbance was the least identified of the five signs and symptoms (38.0%). Female gender, African American race, and age above 60, were the least identified of the 8 risk factors (4.7%, 3.5%, 19.8% respectively). Better knowledge was associated with increased age and higher education. Conclusion: The majority of the sample showed an average to low level of knowledge. Such results indicate the importance of implementing more awareness programs that target younger age groups in the community.

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The relationship between General Practice metrics of multi-morbidity and secondary healthcare utilisation in Wales, UK

International Journal for Population Data Science ◽

10.23889/ijpds.v3i2.535 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jane Lyons ◽

Ronan Lyons ◽

Damon Berridge ◽

Ashley Akbari

Keyword(s):

General Practice ◽

Healthcare Utilisation ◽

Population Based ◽

Service Utilisation ◽

Outpatient Services ◽

Longitudinal Models ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Healthcare Settings ◽

Admission Data ◽

The Relationship

ObjectivesMulti-morbidity and polypharmacy are increasing and interrelated phenomena but are poorly understood. The aim of this study is to contribute to the understanding of these issues, measure the changing prevalence’s of multimorbidity/ polypharmacy and explore the relationship between multimorbidity as recorded in primary care and the use of outpatient services. MethodsThe Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank facilitated linkage techniques to create population based e-cohorts of de-identified Welsh residents. Individuals were registered to a SAIL providing General Practice (GP) for at least 360 days in 2000 and 2014. Categories of morbidity were created using the 13 Read drug code chapters. In an initial cross sectional exploratory analysis proportional odds and cumulative logit models were used to relate GP recorded morbidities to outpatient attendance patterns in the same year. FindingsThe GP e-cohorts included 1.6 million (2000) and 2.1 million (2001) people, with 56.6% and 73.4% having ≥1 recorded morbidity for 2000 and 2014, respectively. In 2014, groups with 5+ morbidities were most prevalent (61.3%) in 85+ year olds and least (2.7%) in 5-9 year olds. Some 35% of individuals attended ≥1 outpatient specialty in 2014; 22.4% in 5-9 year olds and 63.2% for 80-84 year olds. Results from preliminary models showed the number of GP recorded morbidities was strongly related to increasing outpatient attendances at different specialties, OR=15.3 (95%CI:15.1-15.4) of being in a higher outpatient attendance category for the 5+ morbidity group relative to the zero morbidity group. ConclusionPreliminary analysis has shown large increases in GP recorded multimorbidity across Wales over fifteen years and strong relationships and NHS service utilisation in cross-sectional analyses. Further work will include creating more refined definitions for multimorbidity metrics, linkage to hospital admission data, comparisons across healthcare settings and the development of longitudinal models.

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Older workers’ representation and age-based stereotype threats in the workplace

Journal of Managerial Psychology ◽

10.1108/jmp-03-2016-0085 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 254-268 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Eduardo Oliveira ◽

Carlos Cabral-Cardoso

Keyword(s):

Stereotype Threat ◽

Older Workers ◽

Age Groups ◽

Manufacturing Companies ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Moderation Effect ◽

Age Diversity ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which negative age-based metastereotypes mediate the relationship between the representation of older workers and two forms of stereotype threat in the workplace: own-reputation and group-reputation. Adopting a social identity perspective, this paper also explores whether age diversity beliefs moderate the relationship between negative age-based metastereotypes and stereotype threats. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional design was adopted with bootstrapped mediation and moderation analyses. The data were collected from 567 older workers working in 15 manufacturing companies. Findings The analyses provide support for partial mediation and for a moderation effect of age diversity beliefs in the relationship between negative age-based metastereotypes and own-reputation threat. The results hold while controlling for age, objective organizational age diversity, and organizational tenure. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this study include its cross-sectional nature and the need for further work regarding older workers’ metastereotypes about middle-aged workers. Practical implications For stereotype threat interventions to be effective they must identify beforehand the target and the source of the threat. Moreover, interventions should aim for the development of a sense of identity on the organization as it may pave the way for members of different age groups to build bonds and for intergenerational boundaries to be blurred. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by showing the importance of negative age-based metastereotypes in workplace age dynamics. It also provides further support for a multi-threat approach to the experience of age-based stereotype threats in the workplace.

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Evaluación Cognitiva Montreal y consumo de alcohol: Un diagnóstico descriptivo del deterioro cognitivo en estudiantes universitarios de Durango, México

Revista de Técnicas de Enfermería y Salud ◽

10.35429/jnt.2019.7.3.28.38 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 28-38

Author(s):

Karla Liliana Pérez-Sosa ◽

Edgar Felipe Lares-Bayona

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Cognitive Functions ◽

Toxic Substance ◽

Female Gender ◽

Diagnostic Tools ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Probabilistic Study ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Relationship

Alcohol is a toxic substance associated with acute and chronic disorders affecting the Central Nervous System and significantly altering brain function. Objective: To determine the relationship between cognitive impairment and alcohol consumption in university students of the Juárez University of the State of Durango. Methodology: It is a cross-sectional, descriptive, comparative, non-probabilistic study, for convenience. A database was designed on the results obtained in a clinical interview on alcohol consumption and the application of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test. Contribution: The evaluation of cognitive functions show similar results, the male sex presented a better score in Attention and the female one in Orientation. More involvement was identified in the Deferred Memory functions in both groups. In relation to alcohol consumption, the cognitive functions evaluated show lower levels. The female gender was more evident cognitive impairment in relation to alcohol consumption being statistically significant (p <0.025). Alcohol consumption is a risky behavior that deserves to be recognized by the main actors about neurocognitive effects. Alcohol consumption prevention programs and cognitive diagnostic tools are appropriate strategies to reduce risk behaviors in mental health.

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Association between Social Media Use for Health Purpose and Depressive Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Survey (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.25007 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Hee Yun Lee ◽

Yan Luo ◽

Cho Rong Won ◽

Jiyoung Lee ◽

Jeongwon Baik

Keyword(s):

Social Media ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Social Networking Sites ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Use Of Social Media ◽

The Relationship ◽

Health Purpose

BACKGROUND The use of social media or social networking sites (SNS) is increasing across all age groups, and one of the primary motives of using SNS is to seek health-related information. Although previous research examining the effect of SNS use on depression exist, studies regarding the effect of SNS use for health purpose on depression is limited. OBJECTIVE Our study aims to explore the relationship between SNS use for health purpose and depression across the four age groups (18-34 years old, 35-49 years old, 50-64 years old, and above 65 years old). METHODS A sample of 6,789 adults aged 18 and older was extracted from a 2017 and 2018 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Univariate and bivariate analyses to examine the association between each variable and four age groups were conducted. Multiple linear regression analyses to predict depression level among participants with use of SNS for health purpose were conducted. RESULTS SNS use for health purpose and depression were positively associated for three age groups but not for those 65 years or older (=0.13, P<0.05; =0.08, P<0.05; =0.09, P<0.05). Income and self-reported health status indicated an inverse relationship for all age groups. The relationship with marital status differed based on age group with 18 and 34 years old showing an inverse relationship (=-0.13, P<0.01) while 65 years or older showing a positive relationship (=0.06, P<0.05). Gender was positively associated among those in the 35-49 years old (=0.09, P<0.05) and 65 years or older (=0.07, P<0.05). Being Non-Hispanic White was positively associated with depression among 50-64 years old (=0.07, P<0.001) and 65 years or older (=0.08, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Age-tailored education on determining accurate and reliable information shared via SNS is needed to reduce depressive symptoms.

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Socioeconomic determinants of unmet need for outpatient healthcare services in Iran: a national cross-sectional study

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-10477-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sajad Vahedi ◽

Amin Torabipour ◽

Amirhossein Takian ◽

Saeed Mohammadpur ◽

Alireza Olyaeemanesh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health System ◽

Age Groups ◽

Unmet Need ◽

Healthcare Services ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Outpatient Services ◽

Self Medication ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Organizational Policies ◽

Utilization Of Healthcare

Abstract Background Unmet need is a critical indicator of access to healthcare services. Despite concrete evidence about unmet need in Iran’s health system, no recent evidence of this negative outcome is available. This study aimed to measure the subjective unmet need (SUN), the factors associated with it and various reasons behind it in Iran. Methods We used the data of 13,005 respondents over the age of 15 from the Iranian Utilization of Healthcare Services Survey in 2016. SUN was defined as citizens whose needs were not sought through formal healthcare services, while they did not show a history of self-medication. The reasons for SUN were categorized into availability, accessibility, responsibility and acceptability of the health system. The multivariable logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of SUN and associated major reasons. Results About 17% of the respondents (N = 2217) had unmet need for outpatient services. Nearly 40% of the respondents chose only accessibility, 4% selected only availability, 78% chose only responsibility, and 13% selected only acceptability as the main reasons for their unmet need. Higher outpatient needs was the only factor that significantly increased SUN, responsibility-related SUN and acceptability-related SUN. Low education was associated with higher SUN and responsibility-related SUN, while it could also reduce acceptability-related SUN. While SUN and responsibility-related SUN were prevalent among lower economic quintiles, having a complementary insurance was associated with decreased SUN and responsibility-related SUN. The people with basic insurance had lower chances to face with responsibility-related SUN, while employed individuals were at risk to experience SUN. Although the middle-aged group had higher odds to experience SUN, the responsibility-related SUN were prevalent among elderly, while higher age groups had significant chance to be exposed to acceptability-related SUN. Conclusion It seems that Iran is still suffering from unmet need for outpatient services, most of which emerges from its health system performance. The majority of the unmet health needs could be addressed through improving financial as well as organizational policies. Special attention is needed to address the unmet need among individuals with poor health status.

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HUBUNGAN INTELEGENSI DENGAN PERILAKU NERS TINGKAT II STIKES SANTA ELISABETH MEDAN

Elisabeth Health Jurnal ◽

10.52317/ehj.v1i1.185 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 21-30

Author(s):

Imelda Derang

Keyword(s):

Student Nurses ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Test Results ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intelligence Level ◽

Level Ii ◽

Study Population ◽

Cross Sectional Design ◽

The Relationship

Intelligence is the ability to apply the knowledge and experiences that have been gained into the effort tasks are challenging and flexible book. Behaviour is an action that involves aspects of affective, cognitive, and psychomotor. Goal: This study aims to determine the relationship between the behavior of student nurses intelligence level II STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan. Method: This study uses correlation with cross sectional design. The study population was all students / i Ners Level II STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan as 65. The samples used were 65 respondents, the sampling technique in this research is using purposive sampling. The instrument of this study using questionnaire and observation sheets by using product moment test person. Result: Intelligence students as many as 30 people (46.2%) classified as having an average level of intelligence. A total of 32 people (49.2%) classified as well-behaved students. Person product moment test results obtained p value = 0.172 where a significant level of p> 0.05 so that this value proves that the absence of a relationship between the behavior of student nurses intelligence level II STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan. Conclusion: Recommended for institutions, motivating students in balancing the behavior and intelligence.

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