scholarly journals Assessment of Fuel Wood Energy Demand of Arba Minch Town, Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 089-094
Author(s):  
Bayisa Bekele ◽  
◽  
Yonas Ugo ◽  
Rajesh Chauhan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Wood Energy ◽  
Wood Consumption ◽  
The Town

The current rate of deforestation in Ethiopia is exacerbated by number of factors including increased rate of population, increased fuel wood consumption, urbanization, infrastructure development, etc. However, fuel wood energy requirement is one of the major problems causing deforestation. The current study was conducted during 2017 with the objective to estimate the fuel wood consumption of Arba Minch Town. To achieve this objective a household survey was conducted in the town. Out of 11 kebeles of the town four were selected purposely. 58 household respondents were selected for the study. People of the area using fuel wood for various purposes such as cooking, for lighting and for selling as source of income. Arba Minch forest is the source of fuel wood for majority of the households. On average basis, single house hold is using 4.01 kg of fuel wood day-1. The fuel wood consumption of other user such as hotels, govt. institutions were also recorded by conducting survey in four sub cities. Among different user group of fuel wood in the town fuel wood consumption by individual HHs were maximum (66 t day-1 or 24090 t year-1) followed by hotels (2.65 t day-1 or 969.08 t year-1) and lowest by government institutes (110 t day-1 or 40.15 t year-1). Thus, total consumption of fuel wood in Arba Minch town is 68.78 t day-1 or 25,099.23 t year-1. The demand for fuel wood consumption is in increasing trend. This growing demand of fuel wood from household is posing a threat to the remaining natural forest and associated wildlife and resources. Therefore, it is recommended that there is a need of adoption of alternative sources of energy which can replace fuel wood energy. Thus community participation in forest protection should be encouraged and illegal consumption of fuel wood in the study area should be checked.

scholarly journals Sustainable Energy-Related Infrastructure Development in the Mekong Subregion: Key Drivers and Policy Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5720
Author(s):  
Han Phoumin ◽  
Sopheak Meas ◽  
Hatda Pich An
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Infrastructure Investment ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Low Carbon Economy ◽  
The One

Many players have supported infrastructure development in the Mekong Subregion, bridging the missing links in Southeast Asia. While the influx of energy-related infrastructure development investments to the region has improved the livelihoods of millions of people on the one hand, it has brought about a myriad of challenges to the wider region in guiding investments for quality infrastructure and for promoting a low-carbon economy, and energy access and affordability, on the other hand. Besides reviewing key regional initiatives for infrastructure investment and development, this paper examines energy demand and supply, and forecasts energy consumption in the subregion during 2017–2050 using energy modeling scenario analysis. The study found that to satisfy growing energy demand in the subregion, huge power generation infrastructure investment, estimated at around USD 190 billion–220 billion, is necessary between 2017 and 2050 and that such an investment will need to be guided by appropriate policy. We argue that without redesigning energy policy towards high-quality energy infrastructure, it is very likely that the increasing use of coal upon which the region greatly depends will lead to the widespread construction of coal-fired power plants, which could result in increased greenhouse gas and carbon dioxide emissions.

scholarly journals Energy requirement of biomass gasifier model with special reference to odanthurai panchayat in coimbatore district

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
PERIYASAMY P
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Decentralized Energy

Energy is the driving force primarily associated with the economic and social development of a country. Energy serves as the building block of any industry or services, which in turn propel the economy of any nation. But energy at affordable price is the prime challenge which developing countries are facingtoday as a result of continuous increase in primary energy cost. Biomass such as wood, crop residues,agricultural residues. Forest waste, etc., are the oldest source of heat energy for domestic purposes. The energy requirement and end use of energy at rural areas are quite different from urban environment, whichare basic and essential amenities like lighting, water pumping and power for small industries dominate village energy requirements. Even now Coimbatore has rural and urban that need some form of energy other that gird electricity to light up the darkness, to improve its economy and to increase the livingstandards of the rural people. If Odanthurai Panchayat has to achieve its goal of becoming a leading electricity power in Coimbatore. The Odanthurai will have to find modern and renewable ways of producing energy to bridge the increasing gap between demand and supply for electricity supply. In recent years modern biomass conversion technologies have been developed which can convert biomass fuels into various energy forms. These technologies can play an important role in providing sustainable solutions for decentralized energy demand in villages and industries. The economic and environmental conditions of rural areas can be improved only by means of local empowerment and decentralized energy generation.Gasifier can play an important role in the upliftment of rural people as it serves the purpose of economic and environmental improvement. This shows that the substitution of petroleum products and CO2 emission reduction, power generation, assessment of the social impacts and economic viability. So the successful model of Odanthurai can be replicated anywhere to fulfill the energy and other essential needs of rural people.

scholarly journals Tree Conservation Challenges among the Indigenous Pastoral Rendille Community in Marsabit, Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
Janet Ahatho Ekalo ◽  
James Koske ◽  
Cecilia Gichuki ◽  
Innocent Ngare
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Charcoal Burning ◽  
Medicinal Value ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Wood Consumption ◽  
Consumption Demand

Every environment is surrounded by traditional people who have lived in the geographic location for a long time and use their particular knowledge to cohabit with the natural ecosystem. This study assessed challenges encountered towards tree conservation by the Rendille pastoral community in Kenya. Selected tree species; Olea europaea, Terminalia sp. and Hyphaene compressa, that are commonly used by the community were identified and the probable threats towards their conservation. Some of these tree conservation challenges by the indigenous Rendille were: charcoal burning and fuel wood consumption, demand of traditional tree medicinal value, climate variability extremes and demand for land for settlement by the community. The results indicate that, charcoal burning (84.4%) and demand for traditional tree medicine (77.3%) were leading causes frustrating tree conservation among the Rendille. To mitigate these challenges, the respondents indicated that, creation of awareness (89.1%) and promotion of other sources of fuel (78.9%) could be vital factors. The study recommends Integration of Indigenous Knowledge (IK) with formal education to enhance conservation of the mentioned tree species.

Analysis of Energy Sources on Energy Indicators Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 861 ◽  
pp. 198-205
Author(s):  
Anton Pitonak ◽  
Martin Lopusniak
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Energy Class ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Total Consumption ◽  
Minimum Requirements ◽  
Global Indicator

In the members states of the European Union, portion of buildings in the total consumption of energy represents 40%, and their portion in CO2 emissions fluctuates around 35%. The European Union is trying to protect the environment by reducing energy demand and releasing CO2 emissions into the air. Energy performance is the quantity of energy, which is necessary for heating and domestic hot water production, for cooling and ventilation and for lighting. Based on results of energy performance, individual buildings are classified into energy classes A to G. A global indicator (primary energy) is the decisive factor for final evaluation of the building. The new building must meet minimum requirements for energy performance, i.e. it must be classified to energy class A1 since 2016, and to energy class A0 since 2020. The paper analyses effect of the use of different resources of heat in a family house designed according to requirements valid since 2020, and its subsequent classification into an energy class.

Influence of Shading and Transparent Surfaces on Historical Building Energy Retrofit

2015 ◽  
Vol 737 ◽  
pp. 173-177
Author(s):  
Luca Evangelisti ◽  
Claudia Guattari ◽  
Gabriele Battista ◽  
Luciano Santarpia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Energy Retrofit

This study aims to assess the influence of greenery shading and transparent surfaces on historical building’s energy demand under a retrofit point of view. To achieve this goal, the energy requirement of the whole building has been considered. In order to improve buildings energy efficiency several simulations have been performed. In particular, the effects of some interventions related to different windowed elements, characterized by progressively improved thermal properties, have been taken into account.

scholarly journals Environmental and cost benefits of co-digesting food waste at wastewater treatment facilities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Morelli ◽  
Sarah Cashman ◽  
Xin (Cissy) Ma ◽  
Jason Turgeon ◽  
Sam Arden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Life Cycle Cost ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Baseline Scenario ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Cumulative Energy Demand

Abstract The wastewater industry is undergoing a paradigm shift from focusing solely on treatment to incorporating concepts aimed at mitigating environmental impacts such as energy and nutrient recovery and water reuse. This study uses life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis to investigate the effect of expanding anaerobic digestion (AD) capacity and adding combined heat and power on environmental and cost indicators at a mid-sized wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) in Massachusetts, USA. Since 2014, Massachusetts has banned the disposal of organic waste from commercial organizations producing more than one ton of material per week. The WWTF's additional digester capacity allows the co-digestion of municipal solids with a food-based engineered bioslurry due to this ban. Study data were compiled for several AD feedstock quantity and performance scenarios, and compared to a baseline scenario representative of historic plant operations prior to co-digestion. Reductions in environmental impact are demonstrated for six of eight environmental impacts, including global climate change potential and cumulative energy demand. Eutrophication potential increases by 10 percent and 24 percent across assessed scenarios. Water use remains relatively constant across scenarios. Facility energy production increases dramatically with co-digestion, satisfying 100 percent of the WWTF's thermal energy requirement and producing surplus electricity assuming full AD capacity utilization.

Challenges to children’s rights: Experiences from Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
pp. 204361061990017
Author(s):  
Daniel Gebretsadik Ayele
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Social Construct ◽  
Child Rights ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Town

In Ethiopia, there have been significant legislative frameworks in order to protect the rights of children and reduce their vulnerability. However, many of the relevant child right instruments have not yet been implemented to a satisfying degree. The aim of this article is to understand the challenges that impede the effectiveness of child rights system from children’s perspective. The empirical data upon which the author draws was gathered through repeated periods of qualitative fieldwork carried out in 2014/2015 with 24 children in the town of Dilla in Gedeo, southern Ethiopia. Parents, legal experts, police officers, and social workers also participated in the study. The author used informal dialogue, in-depth interviews, and focus group discussions to obtain the empirical data. This study has also benefited from various secondary sources. As the study shows, negative social construct of children, culturally embedded decisions and practices, poverty and deprivation, gaps in legislative frameworks, lack of resources, coordination, and commitment among responsible actors are identified as major challenges that impede the enforcement of child rights system. Thus, it is necessary to adopt holistic approach and deal with the broader structural and social barriers that denied children what they deserve in so many ways.

scholarly journals Park-people interface: a case study of Ayodhyapuri VDC, Chitwan, Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
Anita Pant ◽  
Shivraj Bhata
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
National Park ◽  
Community Forestry ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Private Land ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Chitwan National Park ◽  
Wood Consumption

The study in Ayodhyapuri Village Development Committee in Buffer Zone of Chitwan National Park revealed that the main source of energy is fuel wood, most of which is supplied from Buffer Zone Community Forestry (BZCF) and Chitwan National Park (37.93%) and partially from private land (2.15%). Agriculture was main source of livelihood among the villagers. Fuel wood consumption per household was found to be 3516.11 kg per year in the study area. Landless and low-income households were found using more fuel wood from BZCF and National Park.  The root problems in the study area are the maximum extraction of fuel wood and fodder from the CF and National Park, and the crop depredation by wildlife. The depredation of the crop by wildlife is one of the major barriers influencing the conservation attitude of local people. The CF is rich in biodiversity as revealed by presence of 36 species of trees, 54 species of shrubs and 66 species of herbs. Shorea robusta is the most dominating species in both trees and shrub strata whereas Imperata cylindrica is the most frequent herbaceous species. Scientific World, Vol. 10, No. 10, July 2012 p47-53 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/sw.v10i10.6862

scholarly journals Economic Contribution to Local Livelihoods and Households Dependency on Dry Land Forest Products in Hammer District, Southeastern Ethiopia

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagm Fikir ◽  
Wubalem Tadesse ◽  
Abdella Gure
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Fuel Wood ◽  
Annual Household Income ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Local Livelihoods ◽  
Forest Income ◽  
Economic Contribution

The study was conducted in Hammer district, Southern Ethiopia, to provide empirical evidence on economic contribution to local livelihoods and households dependency on dry forest products. One agropastoral and two pastoral kebeles were purposively selected, and data was collected through household survey, group discussions, market assessments, and field observation. A total of 164 households, selected based on a random sampling procedure, were interviewed using structured questionnaire. The study found that income from forest products contributes 21.4% of the total annual household income. The major dry forest products include honey, fuel wood, gum and resin, and crafts and construction materials, contributing 49%, 39%, 6%, and 6% of the forest income, respectively. Households of the pastoral site earned more forest income and were relatively more dependent on forest products income than those in the agropastoral study site. Significant variation was also found among income groups: households with higher total annual income obtain more forest income than those with lower income, but they are relatively less dependent on forest products than the lower counterpart. Besides, various socioeconomic and contextual factors were found to influence forest income and dependency. The findings of the study provide valuable information up on which important implications for dry land forest development and management strategies can be drawn.

scholarly journals Designing of an off-grid Photovoltaic system with battery storage for remote location

TECCIENCIA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Asad A. Naqvi ◽  
Talha Bin Nadeem ◽  
Ahsan Ahmed ◽  
Asad Ali Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Battery Capacity

Off-grid Photovoltaic (PV) system along with battery storage is very effective solution for electrification in remote areas. However, battery capacity selection is the most challenging task in system designing. In this study, an off-grid PV system along with battery storage is designed for the remote area of Karachi, Pakistan. The system is designed by considering the maximum energy requirement in summer season. The battery storage is selected to fulfill the energy demand during the night and cloudy seasons. On the basis of load, a total of 6 kW system is required to fulfill the energy demand. For such system, 925 Ah of battery is required to meet the energy requirement for a day in absence of solar irradiation. A regression-based correlation between battery capacity and energy demand is prepared for suitable battery sizing using Minitab. An economic analysis of the project is also carried out from which a net present value and simple payback are determined as USD 10,348 and 3 years, respectively. The environmental benefits are also been determined. It is found that the system will reduce around 7.32 tons of CO2 per annum which corresponds to the 183.69 tons of CO2 not produced in the entire project life.

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