Challenges in Conserving and Managing Heritage in Asian Urban Areas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Jamieson ◽  
Richard Engelhardt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Current Form ◽  
Historic Districts ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
The Impact

This chapter builds on the ethical setting presented in Chapter 1. It discusses the challenges facing residents in Asian urban areas and provides an overview of the context in which urban planning, design and management in Asia occurs. Based on this analysis, the chapter then examines the problematic nature of the interface between heritage conservation and the planning, design and management of urban areas, including the impact of tourism in heritage environments. This discussion will provide the context for the case studies and examples that follow in Chapters 3, 4 and 5. Urban areas in Asia vary in size and include metropolitan areas, regional towns and large cities, as well as portions of cities, such as historic districts. They also differ in terms of geography, economic conditions, political systems and cultural and social systems. Given these differences, it is difficult to generalise about them. However, Asian urban areas have certain similarities, one of which is that their populations are growing at unparalleled rates (see Figure 2.2). Also, the populations of these fast-growing and rapidly-expanding urban areas are demanding infrastructure development at a pace that is often far beyond local economic, financial and human capacities. Such urban areas often have poorly-developed urban management structures and weak decision-making systems, however. Furthermore, these cities have planning and governance approaches that are neither comprehensive nor robust enough to deal with the growth and complexity of the urban situation. In the very largest cities, the limits of liveability have been reached and they are unsustainable in their current form.

scholarly journals Small cities face greater impact from automation

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (139) ◽  
pp. 20170946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan R. Frank ◽  
Lijun Sun ◽  
Manuel Cebrian ◽  
Hyejin Youn ◽  
Iyad Rahwan
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Small Cities ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Worker Displacement ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Job Content ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Technical Professions

The city has proved to be the most successful form of human agglomeration and provides wide employment opportunities for its dwellers. As advances in robotics and artificial intelligence revive concerns about the impact of automation on jobs, a question looms: how will automation affect employment in cities? Here, we provide a comparative picture of the impact of automation across US urban areas. Small cities will undertake greater adjustments, such as worker displacement and job content substitutions. We demonstrate that large cities exhibit increased occupational and skill specialization due to increased abundance of managerial and technical professions. These occupations are not easily automatable, and, thus, reduce the potential impact of automation in large cities. Our results pass several robustness checks including potential errors in the estimation of occupational automation and subsampling of occupations. Our study provides the first empirical law connecting two societal forces: urban agglomeration and automation's impact on employment.

Age-wise Analysis of Children's Influence in Family Purchase Decisions

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harikishni Harikishni
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Purchase Decisions ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Urban Indian ◽  
The Impact

Children’s age is the most commonly researched variable involving purchase decision influence (Mangleburg, 1990). Previous studies found child's age to be a predominating factor with regard to child's influence across the decision making stages (Beatty and Talpade, 1994). These studies have also found positive correlation between the age of children and the quantum of influence exerted by them on family purchase decisions (Laczniak and Palan, 2004). This study has been undertaken with the specific objective to extend these findings in Indian context, more precisely, to examine the impact of age on Indian children’s influence in family purchase decisions. A “structured non-disguised” pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the primary data from the students of class eighth to twelfth from 766 families residing in rural and urban areas in Delhi, India. Statistical tools such as mean, standard deviation and repeated measures ANOVA have been used to analyze and interpret the collected data. As per the analysis results children’s age do not moderate the influence exerted by them in family decision making process, in general, as well as across rural and urban Indian families.

scholarly journals Pengelolaan Dana Desa di Kecamatan Balong Kabupaten Ponorogo

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Maretha Berlianantiya Muhammad Ridwan Eka Wardani
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village

<p><em>Poverty often occurs in rural areas rather than urban areas, low education which results in low quality of human resources and lack of access is often the cause of rural poverty. In addition, most of the economies of rural communities rely solely on the traditional agricultural sector. Various poverty reduction policies have been implemented, including village fund policies. This study aims to examine the management of village funds in the Balong sub-district of Madiun Regency with a case study in the villages of Tatung and Karangmojo villages covering the management of village funds in Tatung village and Karangmojo village. Balong Subdistrict and the impact of empowerment in the villages of Tatung and Karangmojo, Balong District. This research was conducted in Balong Subdistrict, Ponorogo Regency with a Case study in Tatung Village and Karangmojo Village with qualitative methods. In the village of Tatung village funds are managed as tourist villages with a focus on Paragliding tourist rides. Whereas in Karangmojo village it is used for Bumdes in the form of Lovebird birds, providing Gapoktan assistance, and infrastructure development.</em></p>

scholarly journals Extensive Investigation of the Land Subsidence Impressions on Gedebage District, Bandung, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 873 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
I Gumilar ◽  
TP. Sidiq ◽  
I Meilano ◽  
B Bramanto ◽  
G Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Synthetic Aperture ◽  
Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Gedebage district is presently experiencing rapid and mass infrastructure development and becoming one of the developed districts in Bandung, Indonesia. A football stadium, several luxury housing, the grand mosque of West Java province, and a business center have been built in this district. However, it is well known that the Gedebage district has turned into one of the Bandung districts that suffers from land subsidence phenomena. Since 2000, the Gedebage district has suffered land subsidence at an average rate of 10 cm per year and becoming one of the fastest sinking districts in Bandung. This fast land subsidence phenomenon is suspected of affecting the infrastructure in this district. Therefore, this work aims to capture the current subsidence rate in the Gedebage district using the geodetic approach of the combination of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and investigate the impact of land subsidence on infrastructures in Gedebage district. We use GNSS campaign datasets from the years 2016 and 2019. Each GNSS campaign was performed at least 10-12 hours of observations. We also utilize a similar period of 2016 to 2019 for the InSAR datasets. Utilizing both GNSS and InSAR datasets, we can capture the subsidence with the rate reaching 4 -15 cm per year between 2016 and 2019, and it occurs uniformly in this district. The impact of land subsidence occurred in almost all urban areas in the Gedebage district. These impacts include cracks in buildings, bridges and roads, and also tilted buildings.

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Weller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

The conclusion first assesses the prime ministers against the criteria set out in the introduction: their longevity, their control over their parties, and their ability to shape the agenda. The first two can provide evidence of those who were successful. Noticeably those who brought their party from opposition to government were those who were likely to flourish. Second, the conclusion explores the difference between the four political systems and the impact they have on the working of the prime ministers. It identifies the variations in cabinet practices and the degree to which cabinet remains a consistent decision-making forum in Australia and New Zealand but less so in Britain and Canada. It concludes by stressing that much of the difference can be explained by the levels of accountability prime ministers have to their parliamentary colleagues, rather than a broader party electorate: a choice between competing principles of party democracy and accountability.

Challenges for Decision Support in Urban Disaster Scenarios

2011 ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Sergio F. Ochoa ◽  
José A. Pino
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Urban Disaster ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Society Today ◽  
Economical Losses

An urgent challenge confronting society today is the vulnerability of urban areas to “eXtreme” Events (XEs) (Mileti, 1999; CWR, 2002; Godschalk, 2003). These hazardous situations include natural disasters such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods, as well as accidental and intentional disasters such as fires and terrorist attacks. At the global level, a total of 608 million people were affected by these disasters in 2002, out of which 24,500 died (IFRC, 2003). The economic damages to property and the environment were estimated at $27 billion dollars (IFRC, 2003). From January to October 2005, the number of people killed in disasters globally was estimated at 97,490 and the economical losses were approximately U.S. $159 billion (WHO, 2006). These significant human and economic costs emphasize the urgent need to reduce the vulnerability of urban areas to XEs (Mileti, 1999; CWR, 2002; Godschalk, 2003), improve the impact of relief team actions in these situations (NRC, 1999; NSTC, 2003), and the decision making process (Stewart, 2002; Mendonca, 2007).

Influencers of Immediate Post-Mastectomy Reconstruction: A National Cancer Database Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dora Danko ◽  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Feifei Geng ◽  
Theresa W Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Immediate Breast Reconstruction ◽  
Third Party ◽  
National Cancer Database ◽  
Immediate Reconstruction ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background The literature examining decision-making related to treatment and reconstruction for women with breast cancer has established that patient, clinical, and facility factors all play a role. Objectives Using the National Cancer Database (NCDB), determine how patient, clinical, and facility factors influence: 1) the receipt of immediate breast reconstruction; and 2) the type of immediate breast reconstruction received (implant-based, autologous, or a combination). Methods A total of 638,772 female patients with TIS-T3, N0-N1, M0 breast cancers were identified in the NCDB from 2004-2017 who received immediate reconstruction following mastectomy. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were conducted to identify characteristics associated with immediate breast reconstruction and type of reconstruction. Results Immediate breast reconstruction was more frequently associated with patients of white race, younger age, with private insurance, with lesser comorbidities, who resided in zip-codes with higher median incomes or higher rate of high-school graduation, in urban areas, with Tis-T2 disease, or with &lt;4 lymph node involvement (all odds ratios (OR) &gt; 1.1). Negative predictors of immediate breast reconstruction were insurance status with Medicaid, Medicare, other government insurance, and none or unknown insurance (all ORs &lt;0.79). Implant-based reconstruction was associated with non-black race, uninsured status, completion of higher education, undifferentiated disease, and stage T0 disease (all ORs &gt;1.10). Conclusions These findings confirm some previous studies on what patient, clinical, and facility factors affect decision making, but also raise new questions that relate to the impact of third-party payor on receipt and type of reconstruction post-mastectomy for breast cancer.

scholarly journals The use of green walls and the impact on air quality and life standard

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 ◽  
pp. 00096
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Wesołowska ◽  
Marta Laska
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Air Pollutions ◽  
Green Walls ◽  
The Impact

People living in urban areas are exposed to a number of threats related with dense urban tissue and high number of vehicles. These include air pollutions, traffic noise and high temperatures. In addition, large cities are struggling with high energy consumption for heating and cooling purposes. One of the possibilities to reduce the mentioned undesirable effects is the use of vegetation on the walls. Plants absorbs the pollutants of air, produced the oxygen, mounted on external walls create thermal insulation and positively affect the psychological aspect. Green walls can be used both indoors and outdoors. The article presents literature review on green walls, describes their benefits and presents the calculations SPBT and possible energy savings taking into account the transmission losses for small residential building.

Quantifying e-governance efficacy towards Indian–EU strategic dialogue

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivek Soni ◽  
Rashmi Anand ◽  
Prasanta Kumar Dey ◽  
Ambika Prasad Dash ◽  
Devinder Kumar Banwet
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Cyber Security ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this research paper is to assess efficacy of e-governance implementation, influenced under the Indian-EU (European Union – EU) strategic dialogue. For the same purpose, this study aims to analyse and measure penetration level of information and communication technology (ICT) applications across ten select gross domestic product-dependent sectors (gross domestic product – GDP) in Indian economy. Design/methodology/approach Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach of PROMETHEE, using its partial and complete versions in fuzzy environment, is applied. The approach assesses e-governance efficacy in various sectors, which is chosen based on their contribution to GDP, where criteria values are assigned by expert opinions, feedback is received and lessons are learnt from training and initiatives taken under the Digital India programme launched by the Government of India. These criteria related to IT policy implementation, cyber security breaches, IT infrastructure development initiatives in select sectors are identified. Later, sectors outranking results have been highlighted using both fuzzy set theory along with PROMETHEE (F-PROMETHEE) and its visual application. Findings On applying F-PROMETHEE, studies found that industrial, railways, health and finance and education sectors outrank in their high merit orders. Contrary, outranking shows that agriculture, defence and aerospace sectors should be more open and accessible to adopt ICT applications in order to promote e-governance processes and their implementation to make e-services available to common citizens. For better interpretation of results, graphical analysis for interactive aid is used to present the analyses. Research limitations/implications Research study was found useful in the assessment of ICT penetration level in to support Indo-EU relations, where PROMETHEE method is used to outrank sectors alternatives. Criteria are also weighted using fuzzy scale, and the impact of criteria on all alternatives has also been assessed. MCDM framework addresses that subjectivity lies in sectors to implement ICTs bases services. However, few other MCDM frameworks, methods such as COPRAS, GST, GRA, SAW and SWARA, can be used for the same purpose. Practical implications Sectors alternative involve high degree of complexity to adopt ICT applications for smooth e-governance and seek effective decision-making for investment prioritization and future development. This study also aims to address cyber security concerns of policymakers. Outranking methods of F-PROMETHEE are able to address the criteria-to-criteria impact and support decision-making in a more precise way. Social implications This study is inspired from the strategic implementation of the framework of the e-Government Action Plan 2016-2020 of the EU. The findings from the paper can provide referential support to the Indian Government and policymakers to support information delivery, implement cyber security policies and various sector developments. Originality/value This research study can act as a strong base in the decision-making process in conflicting situations of e-governance in India. This study not only can synergize conflicting ideas of various stakeholders, academicians in the Indian IT-sector but also can act as support to administrators and the policymakers to monitor the status of the India-EU Information Society Dialogue.

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