scholarly journals Optimasi Formulasi Esens Sheet Mask Kombinasi Ekstrak Spirulina platensis dan Nanopartikel Bentonit dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Erindyah Retno Wikantyasning ◽  
Ulil Fikri Nurhakimah ◽  
Ramadhani Dwi Sula ◽  
Kartika Fidi Astuti
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Spirulina Platensis ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Nanoparticles Characterization ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Optimum Formula

Spirulina platensis contained phycocyanin that has the potential for antioxidant activity. Bentonite contains various minerals that can absorb water and was known having ability for scavenging of free radicals. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimum formulae of sheet mask essence, containing combination of Spirulina platensis extract and bentonite nanoparticles and evaluated the antioxidant activity using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-pikrihidrazil) assay. Bentonite nanoparticles was prepared by High Energy Milling (HEM) method and characterized using Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The results of the nanoparticles characterization was 152,8±0,69 nm for the particle size and 0.106±0.03 for PI value. Physical stability tests showed that the formula was homogenous, viscosity between 0.7-1.1 dPas, and pH between 5-6.5. The IC50 value of Spirulina platensis extract was 256.46 ppm with AAI category was medium. The antioxidant test of this fomula that contain Spirulina platensis extract and bentonite nanoparticles did not show any potential antioxidant activity. The concentrations of PEG 400 and Tween 80 were used to formulate the optimum formula were 4.29% w/w and 6.71% w/w.

scholarly journals Formulation and Optimization of Furosemide Snedds With Variation Concentration of Tween 80 and PEG 400

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Sesilia Putri Nandita ◽  
Ilham Kuncahyo ◽  
Reslely Harjanti
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
In Vitro Dissolution ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Peg 400 ◽  
Simplex Lattice Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Optimum Formula

Furosemide is a potent diuretic drug that has low bioavailability. Furosemide can be formulated into nanoemulsion preparations using the SNEDDS method to increase its bioavailability as SNEDDS can form stable nanoemulsions with droplet sizes 200 nm. This study aims to identify the optimum formula for variations in the concentration of surfactant Tween 80 and cosurfactant PEG 400 based on the characterization tests of emulsification time, percent transmittance, and drug loading. The independent variables used in this study were Tween 80 and PEG 400. Seven furosemide SNEDDS formulas from the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method were tested for characterization in the form of emulsification time, percent transmittance, and drug loading. The characterization results were optimized using Simplex Lattice Design. The optimum formula was re-characterized, including emulsification time, percent transmittance, drug loading, particle size, zeta potential, and in vitro dissolution. The results were then compared with theoretical values and analyzed using the One-Sample T-test method. Optimization results showed Tween of 61.4922% and PEG 400 of 18.5078% with the characterization of emulsification time 15.25 seconds, percentage transmittance 94.20%, drug loading 50 100.2 ppm, particle size 12.18 nm. Furthermore, the zeta potential was -17.6 mV, and the in vitro dissolution rate reached 106.71% within 15 minutes.

scholarly journals CHITOSAN NANOPARTICLE AS A DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR POLYPHENOLS FROM MENIRAN EXTRACT (PHYLLANTHUS NIRURI L.): FORMULATION, OPTIMIZATION, AND IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-58
Author(s):  
GALIH PRATIWI ◽  
RONNY MARTIEN ◽  
RETNO MURWANTI
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Phagocytosis Index ◽  
Optimum Formula

Objective: This study aims to formulate meniran extract into polymeric nanoparticles. Better stability of active substances in formulas compared to unformulated extracts is expected to increase immunomodulatory activity. Methods: Nanoparticles were formulated using ionic gelation method with chitosan and tripolyphosphate polymers. Optimize the mixture of nanoparticles using simplex lattice design (SLD) with the help of Design-Expert (DX) software. Evaluation of particle size and potential zeta using dynamic light scattering (DLS). Interactions between components were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and morphology of the lyophilization results observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Immunomodulatory tests using the latex assay method. The parameters tested included phagocytosis index, phagocytic activity, and nitric oxide secretion. Results: The optimum mixture of the formulation process was obtained in the composition of chitosan 0.270 %, extract 0.626 %, and tripolyphosphate 0.074 % with desirability value of 0.841. Optimal response with particle size 434.7±3.90 d. nm, polydispersity index 0.285±0.03 and entrapment efficiency 62.98±0.65 %. The zeta potential value in the optimum formula is 11.9±0.1 mV with a positive charge. Phagocytosis index and phagocytic activity of nanoparticles differed significantly (p<0.05) compared with unformulated extracts. Conclusion: Meniran extract was successfully formulated into polymeric nanoparticles using chitosan-tripolyphosphate polymer. The developed nanoparticles have the immunomodulatory activity that is better than unformulated extract.

scholarly journals Optimization of Formula Granule of Lempuyang Gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L) J.E.Smith) Rhizome Purified Extract as a Larvicide

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Tri Murini ◽  
Mae Sri Hartati Wahyuningsih ◽  
Achmad Fudholi ◽  
Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Angle Of Repose ◽  
Zingiber Zerumbet ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Sodium Starch Glycolate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Granule Formulation ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Optimum Formula

Lempuyang gajah rhizome (Zingiber zerumbet (L) Smith is considered potential as larvicidal. A previous study has shown that the purified extract of Z. zerumbet rhizome was toxic against Adese aegypti larvae.  The aim of the study it to formulate a purified extract of Z. zerumbet (L) Smith in granule preparations by combining Sodium starch glycolate, PVP K-30 and tween 80.  The granule formulation was optimized by the Simplex Lattice Design (SLD) method with using Design expert program 7.1.5. The results showed that the interaction of the three components can increase the flow rate index, the angle of repose, and reduce absorption. The optimum formula obtained was Sodium starch glycolate 2%, PVP K-30 2%, and Tween 80 5%. The analysis of one sample t-test shows that there is no significant difference between the predicted parameter values and the experimental results of the flow rate index and angle of repose, while the absorption response is significantly different. The optimum formula for granules has larvicidal activity with 100% larval death during 12-hour treatment.

scholarly journals Gel Formulation of Lemongrass Essential Oil with HPMC and Carbopol Bases

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Suryani Tambunan ◽  
Teuku Nanda Saifullah Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Single Use ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Optimum Formula ◽  
Lemongrass Essential Oil

Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil is proven to have efficacy as an antibacterial against pathogenic bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus. Essential oils was formulate into gel dosage forms with a base combination of HPMC and carbopol. The use of this combination is known to produce a gel with physical properties better than a single use. This research aimed to investigate the effect of variations of HPMC and carbopol to the physical properties of the gel, the concentration of HPMC and carbopol to produce the optimum formula, and the physical stability of essential oil gel of lemongrass during storage. Gel was made by lemongrass essential oil at a concentration of 6% with  base of HPMC and carbopol. Each formula were made and tested the physical properties that include organoleptic, homogenity, pH, viscosity, spreadability and adhesiveness. HPMC and carbopol composition were determined through the process of screening and optimization Simplex Lattice Design methods by Design Expert 7.1.5 software. Experimental results and predictions of SLD were verified by testing one sample t-test with a 95% confidence level. The optimum formula gel of lemongrass essential oil consisting of 4.00% HPMC and 1.00% carbopol. The results test of physical properties of lemongrass essential oil gel obtained homogeneous gel with a pH value of 6.00 ± 0.00, viscosity of 280.00 ± 26.46 dPa.S, spreadability of 9.36 ± 0.47 cm2, and adhesiveness of 2.36 ± 0.10 seconds. Lemongrass essential oil gel was stable for 3 cycles of testing include organoleptic, homogeneity, syneresis, pH, adhesion, and the viscosity of the gel. Spreadability of gel was not stable.

scholarly journals Development, characterization and antioxidant activity of polysorbate based O/W emulsion containing polyphenols derived from Hippophae rhamnoides and Cassia fistula

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barkat Ali Khan ◽  
Naveed Akhtar ◽  
Haroon Khan ◽  
Valdir de Andrade Braga
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Ionic Surfactant ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Electrical Conductivity Data

The objective of this study was to develop a pharmaceutical O/W emulsion containing plant-derived polyphenol extracts and evaluate its stability and antioxidant activity. O/W emulsions were prepared using ionic surfactant polysorbate 80 (Tween 80®). The odorwas adjusted with few drops of blue sea fragrance. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the plant extracts alone and emulsions containing these extracts. Physical stability was assessed by submitting the emulsions to storage at 8 ºC, 25 ºC, 40 ºC and 40 ºC + 70% RH (relative humidity) for two months. Various physical characteristics of emulsions monitored, include color, creaming, liquefaction, centrifugation and pH. Brookfield rotational rheometer was used to determined viscosities and rheological behavior of emulsions. Different types of emulsion were determined microscopically, while pH values of emulsions were measured by a pH meter. Electrical conductivity data confirmed that the outer phase was water. Samples presented an acceptable pH value for an external topical use. Shear thinning behaviour was observed for all emulsions. The polyphenol-rich-plant-derived extracts alone and the extract containing emulsions showed good antioxidant activities. This research confirmed that the method used was suitable for preparing emulsions with Hippophae rhamnoids and Cassia fistula extracts, suggesting that those emulsions are suitable for topical use.

scholarly journals Optimasi Formula Gel Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Buah Bligo (Benincasa hispida) dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design (SLD)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-156
Author(s):  
Suryani Suryani ◽  
Andi Nafisah ◽  
Syahrir Mana'an
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice Design ◽  
Benincasa Hispida ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Dispersive Power ◽  
Carbomer 940 ◽  
Optimal Formula

Benincasa hispida has many benefits including as antioxidant. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Carbomer 940, HPMC and NaOH concentrations in antioxidant gel formula and to determine Carbomer 940, HPMC and NaOH concentrations that could produce the optimal antioxidant gel formula. Benincasa hispida was extracted by maceration method and antioxidant activity was tested by DPPH method. The antioxidant gels were formulated with variety combinations of Carbomer 940, HPMC and NaOH. The optimal gel formula was obtained by Design Expert 7.1.5 with Simplex Lattice Design method. The physical characteristic of optimal gel formula was retested and compared with the results of Simplex Lattice Design .The results showed that antioxidant activity of Benincasa hispida ethanolic extract has potent activity with the IC50 40,28 μg/mL. The increasing concentration of Carbomer 940, HPMC and NaOH possessed the high coefficients viscosity (cPs) with the value of 4366, 4133 and 3750 respectively. The increasing concentration of NaOH possessed pH and dispersive power of the gel with coefficients of 11,0 and 5,21 respectively. The desirability values suggested by Simplex Lattice Design were 1,000 with component variation of the optimal formula were Carbomer 940 1,5%, HPMC 0,5% and NaOH 0,4%. The significance test of the optimal formula  compared to the results of laboratory experiments showed the significance of viscosity of 0,130, the dispersive power of 0,348 and pH of 0,184 that means there was no significant difference between the prediction values by using Simplex Lattice Design and results of laboratory experiments. It was indicated that significance values of each responses were over 0,05 (p>0.05).

scholarly journals Optimasi Formula Tablet Piroksikam Menggunakan Eksipien Laktosa, Avicel pH-101, dan Amprotab dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Ikhwan Yuda Kusuma ◽  
Rani Prabandari
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Content Uniformity ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice Design ◽  
Contour Plots ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Optimum Formula

Piroxicam solubility in water is very small this cause problem in the process of absorption so that it’s required an optimal formula to establish the physical properties of tablet quality for piroxicam tablets. The purpose of this research was creating formulas with the optimal combination of excipients lactose, Avicel pH 101, and piroxicam amprotab to obtain tablets with good physical properties and disolution. Seven piroxicam tablet formulas were made with a combination of lactose, avicel PH-101, and Amprotab on 2 batches. Method for making tablets piroxicam was established by direct compression. Tests included were the physical properties of piroxicam tablets tablets weight uniformity, uniformity of size, hardness, brittleness, disintegration test, as well as dissolution test, and content uniformity. Based on the simplex lattice design method, lactose is a dominant factor to improved the uniformity of tablet’s concentartions. Interaction of two components avicel PH-101 and amprotab is a dominant factor to reduced vulnerability. Interaction of three components lactose, avicel PH-101 and amprotab is a dominant factor to lowered the value coefisien variation of weight uniformity, increased hardness, decreased the disintegration, and improved dissolution of tablets. Selection of the optimum formula was determined by the method of simplex lattice design through diagrams superimposed contour plots and contour plots for obtaining the optimal proportions of each ingredient as follows: lactose (85,154–100%), avicel PH-101 (0–12,437%), and amprotab (0–5,425%).

scholarly journals Metoclopramide-OROS Dispersible Tablets Optimized Formula Bioavailability Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 338-341
Author(s):  
Samran Samran ◽  
Hari Ronaldo Tanjung
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Reference Product ◽  
Design Method ◽  
In Vivo Test ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Dispersible Tablet ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Optimum Formula

BACKGROUND: Bioavailability and bioequivalence studies required by regulations to ensure therapeutic equivalence between a pharmaceutically equivalent test product and a reference product. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the bioavailability performance between the optimum formula of OROS dispersible tablet-metoclopramide dosage forms (FCL-6) and the Primperan® as the reference product. METHODS: The FCL-6 formula was design by simplex lattice design model with a three components mixture of excipients: Solid tapai extract, corn starch, and Avicel. The optimum formula of OROS dispersible tablet (ODT)-metoclopramide consists of solid tapai extract (27.038 mg), corn starch (27.407 mg), and Avicel (53.555 mg), metoclopramide hydrochloric acid (HCl) (10.00 mg), LH-11 (22.50 mg), aspartame (5.00 mg), talcum BP (3.00 mg), and Mg stearate (1.50 mg). The in vivo test was done by cross-over design method using six rabbits. The level of metoclopramide concentration from in vivo test was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography instrument. RESULTS: The study revealed that the tmax, Cmax, and area under curve (AUC) of ODT-metoclopramide FCL-6 were 60 min, 1.95 ± 0.13 μg/mL, and 1118.20 ± 150 μg/mL. min consecutively. The Cmax and the concentration of the drug absorbed in the blood (AUC) of ODT-metoclopramide were larger than Primperan® tablets. Statistical data of the optimized ODT-metoclopramide compared with Primperan® showed that the Cmax and AUC significance values were <0.05 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The optimized formula of ODT-metoclopramide revealed a better characteristic of Cmax and AUC concentration compared with Primperan®. The optimized ODT-metoclopramide with tapai extract was found to be promising to improved bioavailability of metoclopramide.

scholarly journals Optimasi Formula Sediaan Losion Tabir Surya dari Ekstrak Etanol Terpurifikasi Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L) Dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Yeyen Dwi Iryani ◽  
Ika Yuni Astuti ◽  
Diniatik Diniatik
Keyword(s):  
Software Design ◽  
Garcinia Mangostana ◽  
Design Expert ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice Design ◽  
Simplex Lattice ◽  
Optimum Formula

Ekstrak kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L) mengandung senyawa xanton yang memiliki aktivitas farmakologis dimana salah satu turunan xanton  α-mangostin bekerja sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui etanol yang menghasilkan ekstrak dengan jumlah xanton tertinggi, menguji aktivitas antioksidan dan tabir surya dari ekstrak terpurifikasi serta mengoptimasi formula sediaan losion tabir surya dari ekstrak terpurifikasi kulit manggis.Optimasi formula losion dilakukan menggunakan software Design Expert® versi 11 dengan kombinasi ekstrak terpurifikasi, asam stearat dan trietanolamin. 14 formula losion dievaluasi nilai SPF, pH dan viskositasnya untuk penentuan formula optimum. Formula optimum selanjutnya diuji nilai SPF, ph dan viskositas untuk membandingkan prediksi software dan hasil percobaan. Selain itu dilakukan uji daya sebar, daya lekat serta stabilitas mekanis terhadap formula optimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan xanton dalam ekstrak etanol 50% sebesar 20,42%, ekstrak etanol 70 % sebesar 29,88% dan ekstrak etanol 96% sebesar 64,57%. Ekstrak terpurifikasi kulit buah manggis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 5,53 dan nilai AAI 14,46 serta memiliki nilai SPF 8,94 pada konsentrasi 50 µg/ml. Formula optimum yang diperoleh memiliki nilai SPF 7,49 ± 0,0297, kekentalan 21.166,666 cp ± 10,41 serta pH 6,490 ± 0,0404, daya sebar 7,833333 ± 0,15, daya lekat 2,03 ± 0,01.

scholarly journals FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF NIFEDIPINE LOADED NANOCARRIERS

2021 ◽  
pp. 311-317
Author(s):  
ASHWINI JADHAV ◽  
BINOY VARGHESE CHERIYAN
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Physical Stability ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
The Stability

Objective: The main aim of this study to formulate a nifedipine-loaded nanocarrier for improving solubility and bioavailability. Methods: To improve the solubility of drug, nifedipine-loaded nanocarrier (lipotomes) were prepared by using the film lipid hydration technique. lipotomes were prepared by using tween 80, which is used for increasing solubility and cetyl alcohol for lipophilic environment. Drug excipients interaction determined by FTIR. lipotomes were characterized for particle size, Entrapment efficiency and zeta potential. lipotomes were optimized by using Design-Expert 12 software. Optimized formula further lyophilized by using different cyroproyectant to improve the stability and oral administration of the drug. Results: FTIR shows there was no interaction between formulation ingredients. Mean particle size, entrapment efficiency, zeta potential was determined and found to be 308.1 nm, 96.7%, 20.1mV, respectively. Surface morphology of lipotomes was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Optimized lipotomes was lyophilized with Mannitol (8% w/v) was the ideal cryoprotectant to retain the physicochemical characteristics of the OLT formulation after lyophilization. Conclusion: Nifedipine loaded nanocarrier was successfully prepared, using film hydration method. Which have good particle size, EE% and zeta potential. After lyophilization no significant changes was observed in particle size with good physical stability, so it could be a good choice for conventional drug delivery system by doing further investigation as in vitro and in vivo study

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