scholarly journals Separatism in South Cameroon: Sources and Prospects

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-213
Author(s):  
T. S. Denisova ◽  
S. V. Kostelyanets
Keyword(s):  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Special Significance ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
World Community ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

In the 2010s, the issue of separatism in Africa gained special significance in connection with the emergence in 2011 of a new state – the Republic of South Sudan (RSS), where a military and political conflict has continued throughout the entire period of independent development, accompanied by massive casualties among the civilian population. The situation in the RSS underscores the weakness of secessionism as a tool for solving the problems of national identity, socio-economic development and political marginalization, and also raises the question of whether separatism in Africa is able to lead to stability, an improvement in living standards and an increase in the level of security of citizens of breakaway territories. The present paper examines the historical background of separatism in South Cameroon and of organizations and armed groups fighting for the separation of the region from the Republic of Cameroon and for the independence of the self-declared Republic of Ambazonia. Currently, the country is engulfed in a military and political conflict, the parties to which are the central (Francophone) government and the Anglophone secessionist movements, which include dozens of armed groups with varying goals and interests and which fight among themselves for influence on local communities, resources, and the right to represent Cameroon’s Anglophone minority in the international arena. In fact, South Cameroon is now in a state of war of all against all. The situation in South Cameroon is compounded by the fact that President Paul Biya’s government simultaneously has to fend off attacks by Boko Haram terrorists in the far north of the country and deal with a socio-economic crisis, which is accompanied by rising unemployment, which, in turn, allows insurgents to expand their ranks with relative ease. The authors note, however, that the separatists do not enjoy the support of the world community and, unlike many other African rebel movements, receive hardly any financial or military-technical assistance from outside, which dooms their armed struggle and increases the consequence of a peaceful agreement with the government.

scholarly journals The Comparison of Jokowi and Prabowo Subianto Exposed on YouTube

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Redi Panuju
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Election ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Sign System ◽  
Political Activist ◽  
Equestrian Sport ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Exposure Ratio ◽  
The Right ◽  
Different Sources

This article reviews the exposure ratio of Jokowi and Prabowo in the YouTube channel. Joko Widodo’s alias, Jokowi, is the President of the Republic of Indonesia 2014-2019. He will re-join the 2019 presidential election, while Prabowo Subianto is a challenger who is supported by the Gerindra Party and the Prosperous Prosperity Party. The analytical method uses the semiotic concept of Strauss and John Fiske, who view the video as a sign system. The sign system is parsed through five political codes: lifestyle, transfer of power, existence, ideology and vision. This study finds that, in general, Jokowi's videos were more visited and preferred than Prabowo's videos, but Prabowo excelled in the transfer code of power, existence and ideology. In the video, Jokowi tends to impress himself as a person who has several characters. As the President of Indonesia, Jokowi displays a diligent character. As a political activist, Jokowi reinforces his ideology as a nationalist. As a citizen, Jokowi imitates the figure who adheres to the values of tradition As a man, Jokowi impressed himself as a humanist. Prabowo tends to feature a lavish lifestyle with equestrian sport with a historical background of the descendants of an economic Democrat Prof Sumitro Djojohadikusumo and associates himself like Soekarno. Prabowo tends to show his affiliation to the right Islamists. The contestation of the 2019 presidential election followed by Jokowi and Prabowo will show the battle of two different sources of legitimacy.

Part IV The Right to Reparation/Guarantees of Non-Recurrence, B Guarantees of Non-Recurrence of Violations, Principle 37 Disbandment of Parastatal Armed Forces/Demobilization and Social Reintegration of Children

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duthie Roger ◽  
Mayer-Rieckh Alexander
Keyword(s):  
Transitional Justice ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Armed Groups ◽  
Social Reintegration ◽  
Criminal Violence ◽  
The Right

Principle 37 focuses on the disbandment of parastatal armed forces and the demobilization and social reintegration of children involved in armed conflicts. It articulates measures designed to prevent the transformation of conflict violence to criminal violence through the dismantling and reintegration of all armed groups engaged in abuses, and outlines comprehensive responses to the injustices experienced by children during armed conflict. This chapter first provides a contextual and historical background on Principle 37 before discussing its theoretical framework and practice. It then examines the importance of reintegration processes and how they can be affected by transitional justice measures, along with their implications for former child combatants. It also highlights the relevance of measures for dealing with unofficial armed groups from an impunity standpoint, as well as the efforts of disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration (DDR) programs to address them.

scholarly journals RIGHT OF REBELLION: ON THE PROBLEMS OF REHABILITATION OF PARTICIPANTS IN ANTI-SOVIET REBELLIONS IN KAZAKHSTAN

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 209-215
Author(s):  
Yerkin Abil
Keyword(s):  
Legal Institution ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Inalienable Rights ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Military ◽  
Right Of Resistance

Many participants in the anti-Soviet uprisings of the Kazakhs have not yet been rehabilitated. The obstacle to this is the norms of the laws of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which do not allow the rehabilitation of persons who participated in armed struggle and murders of representatives of the authorities and the military. At the same time, in international and national law there is such an institute as jus resistendi - the right of resistance or the right to rebellion. This legal institution enables the rehabilitation of participants of anti-Soviet uprisings due to the recognition of their natural and inalienable rights.

Aplikasi Maslahah Ke Atas Pensyaratan Pelaksanaan Haji Atau Umrah Melalui Agensi Pengelola

Sains Insani ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Mustafa Mat Jubri Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Right ◽  
Responsible Party

Ibadah Haji adalah rukun Islam kelima, manakala ibadah Umrah adalah salah satu ibadah yang sangat dituntut dalam Islam. Kedua-dua ibadah ini adalah hak Allah ke atas setiap muslim yang berkemampuan, dan dari sudut yang lain ia juga merupakan hak semua muslim untuk melakukannya. Memandangkan pelaksanaan kedua-dua ibadah ini melibatkan aspek-aspek yang pelbagai seperti keselamatan dan kesihatan, maka pihak yang bertanggungjawab dalam menguruskannya telah meletakkan beberapa syarat tambahan, di samping syarat-syarat yang telah diletakkan oleh Syarak. Antara syarat-syarat tambahan ini ialah, larangan mengerjakan haji atau umrah tanpa melalui agensi pengelola yang sah. Kajian ini bertujuan menilai syarat larangan ini dari sudut syarak, dengan menekankan aspek kemaslahatan dan kemudaratan. Kajian ini mengandungi tiga perbahasan utama, dengan perbahasan pertamanya menjurus kepada pengenalan tajuk kajian dan pengertian beberapa istilah yang digunakan. Perbahasan kedua pula menyoroti latar belakang hukum larangan ini, manakala perbahasan ketiga membincangkan penilaian hukum larangan tersebut menurut konsep Maslahah. Kajian ini akan menggunakan metod kualitatif dengan menjadikan kaedah-kaedah syarak secara umumnya dan konsep Maslahah secara khususnya sebagai sandaran dalam menilai sejauh mana larangan mengerjakan Haji dan Umrah tanpa melalui agensi pengelola menepati Syarak. Abstract: Hajj is the fifth pillar of Islam, while Umrah is considered among the highly encouraged deeds in Islam. Both worships are considered as the right of Allah upon every Muslim who are able to perform them while every Muslim has the right to go to Hajj and Umrah. Considering that, the practice of these worships involves various aspects such as security and health, the responsible party has imposed additional conditions to those who are willing to perform Hajj or Umrah including to use an operating agencies, which are recognized by the Saudi government. This study aimed to evaluate condition of restriction in the view of Shariah, by emphasizing the comparison between Maslahah (interest) and Mafsadah (harm). This study consists of three main discussions, which focuses on defining the terminologies, highlights the historical background of this restriction, and discusses the Islamic ruling of this restriction based on the concept of Maslahah. This study relies on the qualitative method by utilizing the concept of Maslahah in evaluating this restriction.

The right to life: A comparative analysis of the relevant norms of the Constitutions of the Republic of Azerbaijan and Russian Federation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Death Penalty ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Human Right ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Criminal Legislation

The relevance of the work is determined by the fact that the right to life belongs to the basic constitutional human rights, therefore, its observance and protection is the duty of the state. Despite its undeniable importance, today the right to life anywhere in the world is not really ensured in sufficient quantities. The constitutional consolidation of the right to life raises a number of issues related to the concept, nature, legislative and practical implementation of this right. It should be noted that various aspects of the human right to life were considered in the scientific works of G.B. Romanovsky, O.G. Selikhova, T.M. Fomichenko, A.B. Borisova, V.A. Ershov and other Russian authors. The aim of the study is to study and comparative analysis of the legal content of the constitutional norm that defines the right to life, to comprehend and identify possible problems of the implementation of this right. To achieve this goal, this article discusses relevant issues of ensuring the right to life, proclaimed by Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and Article 27 of the Constitution of Azerbaijan Republic. The results of a comparative analysis of these constitutional norms and the relevant norms of industry law allow us to determine, that there is no contradiction between Article 20 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the norms of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation, which imply the death penalty as an exceptional measure of punishment, because a moratorium has been imposed on the death penalty in the Russian Federation since April 16, 1997. However, after the abolition of the death penalty in the criminal legislation of the Republic of Azerbaijan in 1998, there was a discrepancy between parts II and III of Article 27 of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the criminal legislation of Azerbaijan Republic that requires the introduction of the necessary changes in the content of the analyzed constitutional norm. The value of the work is determined by the fact that the introduction of appropriate changes will contribute to the further improvement of the Constitution of the Republic of Azerbaijan and the effective implementation of the right to life of everyone.

QUO VADIS HUKUM ISLAM (ANTARA IDEALITAS DAN REALITAS INDONESIA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-108
Author(s):  
Dinda Izzati
Keyword(s):  
Political Rights ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Eastern Indonesia ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Quo Vadis ◽  
The Right

Evidently, a few months after the Jakarta Charter was signed, Christian circles from Eastern Indonesia submitted an ultimatum, if the seven words in the Jakarta Charter were still included in the Preamble to the 1945 Constitution, then the consequence was that they would not want to join the Republic of Indonesia. The main reason put forward by Pastor Octavian was that Indonesia was seen from its georaphical interests and structure, Western Indonesia was known as the base of Islamic camouflage, while eastern Indonesia was the basis for Christian communities. Oktavianus added that Christians as an integral part of this nation need to realize that they also have the right to life, religious rights, political rights, economic rights, the same rights to the nation and state as other citizens, who in fact are mostly Muslims. This paper aims to determine and understand the extent to which the basic assumptions of the Indonesian people view the role of Islam as presented in an exclusive format.

The Role of Nurses in the Implementation of Patient Safety and Protection of Patient Rights at the Rahayu Yakkum Purwodadi Hospital

SOEPRA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Christina Nur Widayati ◽  
Endang Wahyati Yustina ◽  
Hadi Sulistyanto
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
Patient’S Rights ◽  
Nurses Role ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Service Standards

Patient Safety was the right of a patient who was receiving health care. A nurse was one of the health professionals in a hospital having a very important role in realizing Patient Safety. In realizing Patient Safety Panti Rahayu Yakkum Hospital of Purwodadi had involved the role of the nurses. In carrying out their role the nurses could support the protection of the patient’s rights. The nurses performed health care by conducting six Patient Safety goals that were based on professional standards, service standards and codes of conduct so that the Patient Safety would be realized.This research applied a socio-legal approach to having analytical-descriptive specifications. The data used were primary and secondary those were gathered by field and literature studies. The field study was conducted by having interviews to, among others, the Director of Panti Rahayu Yakkum Hospital of Purwodadi, Head of Room and Chairman of Patient Safety Committee, nurses and patients. The data were then qualitatively analyzed.The arrangement of nurses’ role in implementing Patient Safety and the patient’s rights protection was based on the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia of 1945, Health Act, Hospital Act, Labor Act, and Nursing Act. These bases made the hospital obliged to implement Patient Safety. The regulations leading the hospital to provide Patient Safety were Health Minister’s Regulation Nr. 11 of 2017 on Patient Safety, Statute of Panti Rahayu Yakkum Hospital of Purwodadi (Hospital ByLaws), Internal Nursing Staff ByLaws. In implementing Patient Safety Panti Rahayu Yakkum Hospital of Purwodadi had established a committee of Patient Safety team consisting of the nurses that would implement six targets of Patient Safety. Actually, the Patient Safety implementation had been accomplished but it had not been optimally done because of several factors, namely juridical, social and technical factors. The supporting factors in influencing the implementation were, among others, the establishment of the Patient Safety team that had been well socialized whereas the inhibiting factors were limitedness of time and funds to train the nurses besides the operational procedure standard (OPS) that was still less understood. Lack of learning motivation among the nurses also appeared as an inhibiting factor in understanding Patient Safety implementation.

Estimates on poverty in Russia and the additional measures to reduce it at the regional level

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Sadykov
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Standard Of Living ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Social Standard ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Sociological Studies

Subject. This article deals with the issues of social justice and a high quality of life, creating favorable economic and social conditions. Objectives. The article aims to assess the rate and changes in poverty in Russia and the Republic of Bashkortostan and develop complementary measures to reduce it. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of logical, comparative, economic and statistical analyses, the results of sociological studies, and official statistics. Results. The article highlights additional measures to reduce poverty in the region, including the establishment of a minimum social standard of living in each particular region that determines the poverty rate. Conclusions. Various factors, such as economic sanctions, economic slowdowns, territorial and regional imbalances, lead to living standards decline and poverty rise.

Challenges of Media Education Standards in Georgia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marine Vekua
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
International Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Journalism Education ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The main goal of this research is to determine whether the journalism education of the leading media schools inGeorgia is adequate to modern media market’s demands and challenges. The right answer to this main questionwas found after analyzing Georgian media market’s demands, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, differentaspects of journalism education in Georgia: the historical background, development trends, evaluation ofeducational programs and curricula designs, reflection of international standards in teaching methods, studyingand working conditions.

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