Oligarchic Power-Sharing

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Simonton
Keyword(s):  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
The Political ◽  
Secret Ballot ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Strict Regulation ◽  
Veto Points ◽  
Sumptuary Legislation

This chapter focuses on institutions that governed relations among the elite of ancient Greece. It first considers the need for egalitarian relations among Classical Greek oligarchs before discussing the political mechanisms that secured equality among the members of the oligarchic community and satisfied their individual sense of self-worth, including the establishment of multiple veto points in the voting process, consensus-building, and the secret ballot. It then examines the strict regulation of expenditure through sumptuary legislation and how oligarchs in judicial situations devised ways of keeping dispute resolution restrained, courteous, and respectful of one another's pride, thus avoiding escalation. It also describes the use of exile as an effective institution of oligarchic punishment and shows that exile could be a useful tool if it was unanimously agreed upon by the members of the oligarchy.

Searching for Political Parties in the Past

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piero Ignazi
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Political Community ◽  
Democratic Politics ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common

Chapter 1 introduces the long and difficult process of the theoretical legitimation of the political party as such. The analysis of the meaning and acceptance of ‘parties’ as tools of expressing contrasting visions moves forward from ancient Greece and Rome where (democratic) politics had first become a matter of speculation and practice, and ends up with the first cautious acceptance of parties by eighteenth-century British thinkers. The chapter explores how parties or factions have been constantly considered tools of division of the ‘common wealth’ and the ‘good society’. The holist and monist vision of a harmonious and compounded society, stigmatized parties and factions as an ultimate danger for the political community. Only when a new way of thinking, that is liberalism, emerged, was room for the acceptance of parties set.

scholarly journals Dignity, religion and freedom of expression in South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacobus C.W. Van Rooyen
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Form Part ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
The Republic

The issue that this article dealt with is whether, in South African law, speech that infringes upon the religious feelings of an individual is protected by the dignity clause in the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa. The Constitution, as well as the Broadcasting Code, prohibits language that advocates hatred, inter alia, based on religion and that constitutes incitement to cause harm. Dignity, which is a central Constitutional right, relates to the sense of self worth which a person has. A Court has held that religious feelings, national pride and language do not form part of dignity, for purposes of protection in law. The Broadcasting Complaints Commission has, similarly, decided that a point of view seriously derogatory of ‘Calvinistic people’ blaming (some of) them as being hypocritical and even acting criminally is not protected by dignity. It would have to be accompanied by the advocacy of hatred as defined previously. The author, however, pointed out that on occasion different facts might found a finding in law that religion is so closely connected to dignity, that it will indeed be regarded as part thereof.

scholarly journals FEATURES OF BECOMING AND DEVELOPMENT OF CULTURAL AND LEISURE PRACTICES IN ANCIENT GREECE

2017 ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
I. V. Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Greece ◽  
Greek Life ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Theatrical Performances ◽  
Strict Regulation ◽  
Political Differences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Voluntary Choice ◽  
Political Groups ◽  
Social Collective

The analysis features of becoming and development of cultural and leisure practices in Ancient Greece is the goal of the article. The author justifies the preconditions which formed the appropriate hierarchy of life values of ancient Greek and reated the base for leisure development in Ancient Greece. It has been determined the leading preconditions such as absolute kosmolohizm, religiosity and polytheism, mental features of ancient Greeks and agon of Greek life, human cultural activity, polis political system, special perception of freedom as condition of absence of bright expressed domination over the human and strict regulation of the individual behavior, his personality initiative, existence of free time that isn't occupied by routine and care of urgent daily needs. It has been revealed the essence of such cultural and leisure practices as symposiya, gymnasiya, professional, religious and political groups, agons, theatrical performances, visiting of agora and organization of events. It has been argued that the general patriarchal orientation of Greek civilization affected the system of leisure organization in Ancient Greece. It has been justified the opinion that value of leisure was being determined by its role in the aid of social balance: between thetendencies to integration and differentiation of society and to its unification and hierarchy. Therefore, there were coexistent leisure formsconnected with the opposite social tendencies: some leisure demonstrations were acceptable for all (or for most) groups of population, they unitedand consolidated it, and others, limited by some requirements, extended social, cultural and political differences. Consequently there is a distribution of leisure practices on private (in which people could to participate according to their interests), and social (collective); obligatory (the participation was compulsory), and voluntary (choice of which depended only on desires of people); "high" (addressed only to mental and physical development of people), and "inactive" (passiverecreation, entertainment or bodily pleasure).

When the Boss Feels Inadequate

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (11) ◽  
pp. 1406-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathanael J. Fast ◽  
Serena Chen
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Aggressive Response ◽  
Workplace Studies ◽  
Ego Threat ◽  
Self Worth

When and why do power holders seek to harm other people? The present research examined the idea that aggression among the powerful is often the result of a threatened ego. Four studies demonstrated that individuals with power become aggressive when they feel incompetent in the domain of power. Regardless of whether power was measured in the workplace (Studies 1 and 4), manipulated via role recall (Study 2), or assigned in the laboratory (Study 3), it was associated with heightened aggression when paired with a lack of self-perceived competence. As hypothesized, this aggression appeared to be driven by ego threat: Aggressiveness was eliminated among participants whose sense of self-worth was boosted (Studies 3 and 4). Taken together, these findings suggest that (a) power paired with self-perceived incompetence leads to aggression, and (b) this aggressive response is driven by feelings of ego defensiveness. Implications for research on power, competence, and aggression are discussed.

MOU Convergence

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-219 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Dispute Resolution ◽  
Collaborative Governance ◽  
Black Box ◽  
The Political ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Monitoring Committee ◽  
Actor Networks ◽  
Discourse Practice ◽  
Political Divide

The Monitoring Committee (MC), consisting of both government and union officials institutionalized dialogue as a practice in the governance of the implementation of the MOU. The MC demonstrated value by becoming a responsive mechanism and sounding board for preventative, dispute resolution, and for engaging in joint decision making. The unions rejuvenated their own discourse practice and acquired new avenues of influence in relation to public administration policy decisions. While the private sector occupied a position of self-exclusion, leadership engendered collaborative governance obfuscating the political divide, enabling the Monitoring Committee to consolidate the accord. The inclusion of discourse as a moment in actor networks is advocated as a means to reveal the inner operations and network interactions within the “black box,” rendering the impenetrable, penetrable.

Wellbeing, young people, and music scenes

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Bennett ◽  
Lisa Nikulinsky
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Empirical Data ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Localized Source ◽  
Music Scenes ◽  
Academic Scholarship ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter considers how young people’s involvement in a local or virtual music scene can be important in terms of providing them with a sense of self-worth and esteem. Although the topic of music scenes has been comprehensively researched in academic scholarship, the connection between scene membership and physical and psychological wellbeing has not to date been a topic of focus. The chapter draws on original empirical data generated during interviews with young people in Margaret River, Western Australia, in 2016–17. Although our research findings originate from a localized source, they can be extrapolated to broader debates concerning the relationship between young people, music, and wellbeing.

Introduction to the dental surgery

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Blinkhorn ◽  
B.L. Chadwick
Keyword(s):  
Child Development ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Dental Treatment ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Psychological Development ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Adult World

It is a common belief among many individuals that being ‘good with people’ is something you are born with and cannot be taught. It is true that some individuals have a more open disposition and can relate well to others. However, everyone can adopt approaches that put children and parents at ease. It is particularly important for dentists to learn how to help people relax, as failure to empathize and communicate will result in disappointed patients and an unsuccessful practising career. Communicating effectively with children is of great value, as ‘being good with younger patients’ is a practice-builder and can reduce the stress involved when offering clinical care. All dental training should include a thorough understanding of how children relate to an adult world, how the dental visit should be structured, and what strategies are available to help children cope with their apprehension about dental procedures. This chapter will consider these items, beginning with a discussion on the theories of psychological development and following this up with sections on parents and their influence on dental treatment, dentist–patient relationships, anxious and uncooperative children, and helping anxious patients to cope with dental care. The psychological development of children was originally viewed as a series of well-defined phases, but is now seen as a continuum. The phases of development may well differ from child to child, so cannot be rigidly applied, but for clarity are described as a series of psychological developmental milestones from infancy to adulthood. The most important theoretical perspective now influencing thinking about child development is John Bowlby’s attachment theory. Bowlby suggested that child development could best be understood within the framework of patterns of interaction between the infant and the primary caregiver. If there were problems in this interaction, the child was likely to develop insecure and/or anxious patterns that would affect the ability to form stable relationships with others, to develop a sense of self-worth, and to move towards independence. The other important concept to note is that development is a lifelong process—we do not switch off at 18—nor is it an even process. Development is uneven, influenced by periods of rapid bodily change.

Governmental Self-Restraint and Individual Self-Respect

2021 ◽  
pp. 114-159
Author(s):  
Matthew H. Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Strong Sense ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Individual Self

This pivotal chapter presents a novel justificatory foundation for the principle of freedom of expression. It elaborates a Stoical ideal of ethical strength as self-restraint, and it contends that a key element of the realization of that ideal by any system of governance lies in the system’s compliance with the principle of freedom of expression. Through arguments based on some of the ideas in Matthew Kramer’s 2017 book Liberalism with Excellence, the chapter then shows how the compliance with that principle by a system of governance crucially affects the levels of self-respect that are warranted for the members of the society over which the system presides. As a consequence, that compliance is essential for the fulfilment of the system’s paramount responsibility to bring about the political and social and economic conditions under which every member of its society can be warranted in feeling a strong sense of self-respect.

Return of the Repressed: The Politics of Engraving and Erasure and the Quest for Selfhood in God Help the Child

2020 ◽  
pp. 123-139
Author(s):  
Justine Tally
Keyword(s):  
Sense Of Self ◽  
The Self ◽  
Bluest Eye ◽  
The Family ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Human Psyche

God Help the Child strikingly calls to a re-envisioning of Morrison’s first novel, The Bluest Eye, in its emphasis on the superficial nature of beauty as skin-deep, two compelling and interrelated aspects that consistently reveal themselves throughout the text. The first picks up on Beloved’s concern with how much memory is beneficial to the human psyche, and how the politics of “engraving” that memory runs the risk of becoming a form of erasure of the self. The second is the author’s insistence on a sense of self-worth as something to be achieved through generosity, not through self-centeredness. In this novel no matter what trauma has occurred in the lives of the children, whether within or without the family, it is incumbent upon the affected as adults to get beyond that affliction and move toward an affirmation of an “other” in order to gain a personal sense of self.

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