scholarly journals Argumentointimallit fysiikan tiedon kuvaamisessa

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maija Nousiainen ◽  
Mikko Kesonen ◽  
Karoliina Vuola
Keyword(s):  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Science Class ◽  
Educational Goal ◽  
Scientific Argumentation ◽  
Physics Knowledge ◽  
Toulmin’S Model

Argumentointi on tunnistettu tärkeäksi koulutuksen tavoitteeksi, minkä vuoksi sitä on painotettu luonnontieteiden opetuksessa. Painotus on avannut lupaavia mahdollisuuksia, mutta myös ongelmia, joiden ymmärtämiseksi tarkastelemme neljää argumentoinnin mallia. Tavoitteena on ymmärtää, millaisella mallilla voitaisiin kattavasti kuvata fysiikan tiedon argumentointia opettajakoulutuksen kontekstissa. Toulmin kuvaa argumentin rakennetta ottamatta kantaa sisältötiedon oikeellisuuteen. Böttcher ja Meisert kuvaavat argumentointia selitysmallien kehittymisen näkökulmasta. Sampson tarkastelee argumentointia koulukokeellisuuden näkökulmasta. Sandoval ja Millwood käsittelevät argumentin käsitteellistä ja episteemistä laatua. Argumentointimallit ovat ansiokkaita, mutta riittämättömiä fysiikan tiedon luonteen kuvaamiseksi. Niistä puuttuu muun muassa fysiikan tiedonmuodostuksen kannalta keskeinen teorialähtöisen päätelmän näkökulma. Fysiikan tiedon argumentointiin tarvitaankin fysiikan tiedon luonteesta kumpuava malli.   Argumentation Models in Illustrating Physics Knowledge Abstract Understanding scientific argumentation is an important educational goal. To emphasize argumentation in science class, we need suitable models to illustrate what argumentation is. We review four argumentation models to find perspectives for specifically physics argumentation. Toulmin’s model identifies argumentative moves. Böttcher and Meisert see argumentation as comparing data and explanatory models. Sampson looks at the use of evidence. Sandoval and Millwood study the conceptual and epistemic quality of an argument. Deductive reasoning, which is a relevant part of physics knowledge, is not for example lacking in some argumentation models. Physics argumentation needs a model, which raises from the nature of physics knowledge. Keywords: argumentation, argumentation models, physics

scholarly journals Activities of Daily Living and Categorization Skills of Elderly with Cognitive Deficit: A Preliminary Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 213
Author(s):  
Dulce Romero-Ayuso ◽  
Cristian Cuerda ◽  
Carmen Morales ◽  
Ricardo Tesoriero ◽  
José Matías Triviño-Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Older People ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Assessment Process ◽  
Digital Version ◽  
Routine Tasks

Cognitive dysfunction affects the performance of Activities of Daily Living (ADL) and the quality of life of people with these deficits and their caregivers. To the knowledge of the authors, to date, there are few studies that focus on knowing the relationship between personal autonomy and deductive reasoning and/or categorization skills, which are necessary for the performance of the ADL. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between ADL and categorization skills in older people. The study included 51 participants: 31 patients with cognitive impairment and 20 without cognitive impairment. Two tests were administered to assess cognitive functions: (1) the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); and (2) the digital version of Riska Object Classification test (ROC-d). In addition, the Routine Tasks Inventory-2 (RTI-2) was applied to determine the level of independence in activities of daily living. People with cognitive impairment performed poorly in categorization tasks with unstructured information (p = 0.006). Also, the results found a high correlation between cognitive functioning and the performance of ADLs (Physical ADL: r = 0.798; p < 0.001; Instrumental ADL: r = 0.740; p < 0.001), a moderate correlation between Physical ADLs and categorization skills (unstructured ROC-d: r = 0.547; p < 0.001; structured ROC-d: r = 0.586; p < 0.001) and Instrumental ADLs and categorization skills in older people (unstructured ROC-d: r = 0.510; p < 0.001; structured ROC-d: r = 0.463; p < 0.001). The ROC-d allows the assessment of categorization skills to be quick and easy, facilitating the assessment process by OT, as well as the accuracy of the data obtained.

scholarly journals Cómo argumentar con coherencia

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-344
Author(s):  
José Ángel Gascón
Keyword(s):  
Toulmin’S Model

When disagreements arise about the quality of arguments, arguers frequently rely on coherence. Argumentative coherence is mainly manifested in accusations of incoherence and in the production of analogies. With the help of the elements of warrant and of rebuttals in Toulmin's model, it is possible to give a first analysis of this notion.

Panic Disorder: Broadening Conceptualizations and Improving Treatment

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (S12) ◽  
pp. 4-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark H. Pollack
Keyword(s):  
Panic Disorder ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Cognitive Behavioral ◽  
Medical Comorbidity ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Pharmacologic Agents

Attempts to understand the underlying etiology of panic disorder have, at times, oscillated between reductionistic biologic or psychologic characterizations that have put pharmacotherapists and cognitive-behavioral therapists on opposite sides of a fence with patients caught in the middle. However, research emerging over the last couple of decades is pointing to a more complex interplay between dysregulated neurobiological systems and psychological factors that influence the manifestations of fear and anxiety and permit a more nuanced view of the etiology of panic disorder while pointing to potential rational strategies for treating patients. The articles in this supplement explore a range of explanatory models relevant to the underlying etiology of panic disorder, and then focus on treatment, including pharmacologic agents, and a paradigm in which cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can be efficiently and effectively integrated with pharmacotherapy in an attempt to optimize patient care.In the first article, David Baldwin, MB, BS, DM, FRCPsych, discusses the burden of panic disorder to patients and society; the difficulties associated with misdiagnosis and inadequate treatment; the challenges imposed by excess healthcare utilization, reduced quality of life, and psychiatric and medical comorbidity; and the implications for therapeutics.

Insight in psychosis: Standards, science, ethics and value judgment

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
KS Jacob
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Value Judgments ◽  
Value Judgment ◽  
Discussion Article ◽  
Complete Exclusion ◽  
Over Time

Background: The clinical assessment of insight solely employs biomedical perspectives and criteria to the complete exclusion of context and culture and to the disregard of values and value judgments. Aim: The aim of this discussion article is to examine recent research from India on insight and explanatory models in psychosis and re-examine the framework of assessment, diagnosis and management of insight and explanatory models. Methods: Recent research from India on insight in psychosis and explanatory models is reviewed. Results: Recent research, which has used longitudinal data and adjusted for pretreatment variables, suggests that insight and explanatory models of illness at baseline do not predict course, outcome and treatment response in schizophrenia, which seem to be dependent on the severity and quality of the psychosis. It supports the view that people with psychosis simultaneously hold multiple and contradictory explanatory models of illness, which change over time and with the trajectory of the illness. It suggests that insight, like all explanatory models, is a narrative of the person’s reality and a coping strategy to handle with the varied impact of the illness. Conclusion: This article argues that the assessment of insight necessarily involves value entailments, commitments and consequences. It supports a need for a broad-based approach to assess awareness, attribution and action related to mental illness and to acknowledge the role of values and value judgment in the evaluation of insight in psychosis.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Modul Pencemaran Lingkungan Berbasis Islam-Sains untuk Siswa Madrasah Aliyah/MA

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tisrin Maulina Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Science Class ◽  
Learning Design ◽  
Biology Teachers ◽  
Small Test ◽  
Islamic Science

This study aims to determine: (1) The expedience degree of biology environmental pollution based Islamic-Science class X MA; (2) The responses of MA Biology teachers;  and (3) The responses of students as to biology environmental pollution based Islamic-Science class X MA. This type of research is the development of research with product development model Borg and Gall, modified as needed. Data on quality of product development were collected by questionnaire. Data analyzed with descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques. The results of this study showed that: (1) Validation of material expert is in very good criteria (88%); (2) Validation of learning design expert is in very good criteria (86%); (3) Assesment studies of biology teachers are in very helping criteria (3,4); (4) individual testing are  in good criteria (80%); (5) A small test group are in very good criteria (88%); Group confined field trials are in very good criteria (90%), so it can concluded that module environmental pollution class X MA based Islamic-Science is fit for use as a supporting for learning environmental pollution at school.

scholarly journals Ποιότητα ζωής και ψυχική υγεία των μητέρων με παιδί/ά στο φάσμα του αυτισμού: Επισκόπηση ευρημάτων

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
Αναστασία Ζήση ◽  
Σοφία Μαυροπούλου
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Perceived Quality Of Life ◽  
Therapeutic Services

The present paper is a critical review of a representative corpus of studies extending from the ’70s until today, that examine the quality of life and mental health of parents, and especially mothers who raise at least one child with autism. This review aims at identifying the factors influencing mental health and perceived quality of life of parents withchildren within the autistic spectrum, drawing on the theoretical model of quality of life developed by Zissi & Barry (2006). This theoretical model posits that quality of life is associated with a variety of factors such as; a), objective living conditions that relate to family socio-economic status and its type, the severity of autism, and the access to therapeutic services, and b) socio-psychological processes that relate to  the different explanatory models, the hardiness, the general life outlook and the quality of ties. This model predicts that socio-psychological processes mediate the relationship between objective living conditions, mental health and subjective evaluations of quality of life.

scholarly journals ALTERNATIF PENILAIAN EVALUASI PEMBELAJARAN PASCA PANDEMI COVID – 19 PADA JENJANG PENDIDIKAN SEKOLAH DASAR

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Diah
Keyword(s):  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Quality Of Education ◽  
Continuous Series ◽  
Educational Goal ◽  
The People ◽  
Measuring Tool

Education is a conscious and planned effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process that is actively able to make students develop their potential. Education is expected to be able to create students who have religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, and noble character. These skills are not only needed for themselves, but also useful for the people of the nation and state. Efforts that can be made to ascertain whether an educational goal has been achieved is by conducting an evaluation. This evaluation is carried out to determine whether a program is feasible. In addition, evaluation is intended to control, guarantee, and determine the quality of education related to the sharing of educational components. Evaluation is carried out at all levels and types of education in order to be accountable to students related to the implementation of education that has been carried out by an educational institution. Thus, between teaching and learning activities and evaluation is a continuous series and cannot be separated. This is because evaluation is used as a useful measuring tool to determine and determine the level of success of students in learning activities.

scholarly journals Pengembangan soal penilaian tengah semester 2 mata pelajaran IPA kelas VIII sekolah menengah pertama

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45
Author(s):  
Hartini Hartini
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Classical Theory ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Science Assessment ◽  
Science Class ◽  
Class Viii ◽  
Assessment Questions

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengembangkan soal Penilaian Tengah Semester 2 untuk mengukur ketercapaian kompetensi IPA peserta didik kelas VIII SMP, (2) mengetahui kualitas secara teoretis soal Penilaian Tengah Semester 2 IPA kelas VIII, dan (3) mengetahui kualitas secara empiris soal Penilaian Tengah Semester 2 IPA Kelas VIII menurut teori klasik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan yang diadaptasi dengan tujuh langkah dari 10 langkah model penelitian dan pengembangan Borg & Gall yang meliputi: (1) penelitian pendahuluan, (2) perencanaan, (3) pengembangan produk awal, (4) uji coba kelompok kecil, (5) revisi, (6) uji coba lapangan, dan (7) revisi. Penelitian ini telah menghasilkan : (1)  soal Penilaian Tengah Semester 2 IPA berupa soal pilihan ganda sederhana dengan empat pilihan jawaban yang terdiri dari 38 butir soal yang dihasilkan melalui prosedur tahap-tahap penelitian dan pengembangan, (2) berdasarkan validasi oleh ahli dan reviewer soal PTS 2 IPA kelas VIII merupakan soal yang valid dengan perbaikan sesuai dengan masukan dari ahli dan reviewer; (3) berdasarkan uji coba empiris kualitas  soal Penilaian Tengah Semester 2  menurut teori klasik terdiri dari 38 butir soal yang valid dengan tingkat reliabilitas α = 0,839 yaitu dalam kategori sangat baik.  Developing an assessment test in the middle of semester 2 in the VIII science class of junior high school Abstract: This study aims to: (1) develop the Middle Semester 2 assessment questions to measure the achievement of science competencies of class VIII junior high school students, (2) know the theoretical quality of the Middle Semester 2 Science class VIII Middle Assessment questions, and (3) determine the empirical quality of the questions Middle Semester 2 Science Assessment Class VIII according to classical theory. This research is a research and development which is adapted with seven steps from the 10 steps of the Borg & Gall research and development model which includes: (1) preliminary research, (2) planning, (3) initial product development, (4) small group trials, (5) revisions, (6) field trials, and (7) revisions. This research has resulted in: (1) Middle Semester 2 Science Assessment questions in the form of simple multiple-choice questions with four answer choices consisting of 38 items produced through the research and development stages procedure, (2) based on validation by experts and question reviewers PTS 2 IPA class VIII is a valid question with corrections according to input from experts and reviewers; (3) based on an empirical trial of the quality of the Middle Semester 2 assessment items according to classical theory consists of 38 valid items with a reliability level of α = 0.839 which is in the very good category.

Multi-Field Integrated Model With Profit-Spider Method In Mathematics Learning, Indonesian Language And Science Class Vi Sdn 39 Tanjung Saba

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-139
Author(s):  
Maryetni Maryetni
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Mathematics Learning ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
School Education ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Science Class ◽  
Education Personnel

School education has an important role in improving the quality of human resources. School education is a process that involves educators, teaching materials, and learners. "Educators and education personnel are obliged to create a meaningful, fun, creative, dynamic and dialogical atmosphere of conduct, and professionally committed to improving education" (Sisdiknas 2003: 22). In creating meaningful educational background then in every learning must use appropriate strategies and learning approach so that the outcome of the learning is in accordance with the goals we want. Based on the facts, grade 6 students are very interested in learning in school either Mathematics, Indonesian Science or any other field of study, as evidenced by each student's enthusiastic learning activity is quite high and the ability to do the problem gets pretty good (average 6.4). After students learn more formally, students start learning difficulties either Mathematics, Indonesian or Science so that the higher the class of learning results decreases.    

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document